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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Burgundy * > Flashcards

Burgundy * Flashcards

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1
Q

How many subregions in Burgundy - name them

A

5

1 Chablis (with Grand Auxerrois and Chatellonnais)
2 Cote de Nuits
3 Cote de Beaune
4 Cote Challonais
5 Maconnais

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2
Q

Which need to know appelations are found in Chablis+ subregion

A

Chablis
Chablis Grand Cru
Petit Chablis

Saint-Bris
Irancy
Vezelay

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3
Q

Which are the need to know appelations in the Cote de Nuits sub-region

There are 9 grouped 2-1-3-1-2

A

Marsannay
Fixin

Gevrey-Chambertin

Morey St-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vosne-Romanee

Vougeot

Nuit St George
Cote de Nuit St George

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4
Q

Which are the need to know appelations in the Cote de Beaune sub-region

There are 20 grouped
3-4-2-4-3-3-1

A

Ladoix
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand-Vergelesses

Chorey-les-Beaune
Savigny-les-Beaune
Beaune
Cotes de Beaune

Pommard
Volnay

Monthlie
Saint-Romain
Auxey-Duresses
Saint-Aubin

Meursault
Puligny Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet

Blagny
Santenay
Maranges

Cotes de Beaune Villages

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5
Q

Which are the need to know appellations of the Cote Challonais

A

Bouzeron
Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny

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6
Q

Which are the need to know appellations of the Maconnais

A

Pouilly Fuisse
Saint Veran
Vire-Clesse

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7
Q

Why is Burgundy so tightly linked to the concept of terroir

A

Each vineyard parcel has been assessed for its ‘terroir’ combination of soil type and structure, aspect, micro-climate

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8
Q

What was the role of the Church in determining the concept of terroir

A

Monks of the middle ages assessed each vineyard site in Burgundy

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9
Q

What is the difference between a lieu-dit and a climat

A

Lieu dit=More Formal =parcel of line within a commune with a geographical or topographical characteristic (a cadastral unit used by geographers)

Climat=parcel of land associated with Premier or Grand Cru (vigneron’s notion of site). Climat=slope/incline

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10
Q

Explain why quality varies greatly midst one Grand Cru parcel

A

Many owners- different viticultural techniques

Many climats within a single Grand Cru

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11
Q

Who were the 4 main Dukes of Burgundy

A

Philippe the Bold: He Ruled from 1363 to 1404 and outlawed Gamay in an attempt to promote Pinot Noir.

John the Fearless: He Ruled from 1404 to 1419 and He was the appointed guardian of the future King of France and assassinated for being power-hungry.

Philippe the Good: He Ruled from 1419 to 1467 and captured Joan of Arc and surrendered her to the English. He also established the Hospices de Beaune, a charity hospital for common people.

Charles the Rash: He Ruled from 1467 to 1477 and died attempting to conquer Alsace and Lorraine.

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12
Q

What was the repercussion of King Louis-Philippe granting Gevery the right to append Chambertin to its name

A

Chambertin was Gevery’s most famous vineyard

Many other villages followed suit

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13
Q

Give examples of how the Napoleonic code impacted Burgundian wine industry

A

Vineyards have fragmented as a result of the law of equal inheritance among children laid down in the Napoleonic Code.

For example, the grand cru vineyard Clos de Vougeot, which was owned by the Cistercian monks until the late 18th century. It’s now broken up into more than 80 individually owned parcels, some comprising just a few rows of vines.

More growers have led to rise of negociants variable quality and investors

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14
Q

Give examples of how the French revolution has impacted the Burgundian wine industry

A

After the French Revolution in 1791, the vineyards were sold off, often split between several owners.

Few monopoles survived

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15
Q

Explain the reason for Burgundy’s shift in focus from red to white wine in the 1980s

A

Increasing world wide demand for white wine - increase Chablis and Maconnais
1986= 60% red
2019=60% white

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16
Q

Why does Burgundy, representing only 4.5% of France’s total wine production, rank as so important on global wine stage

A

Represents 21% of French wine revenue (still wines)

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17
Q

What is the general climate of Burgundy

A

Continental

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18
Q

How does the climate in Burgundy vary from North to South

A

Warmer as travel south

Oceanic influences in North
Mediterranean influences in South

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19
Q

How do the differing climatic influences impact the growing season

A

In South- eg Maconnais- budbreak and harvest is earlier (week for budbreak, several weeks for Harvest)

In North - eg Chablis and Le Grand Auxerrois enjoy a more semi-continental climate that is wetter, and are often susceptible to springtime frosts- Budbreak and harvest is later

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20
Q

What are the geological forces that formed the Bourgogne region

A

Jurassic period - area was sea
Later Alps formed, Bresse plain fell
Rift valley formed (graben) - of which Cote d’Or escarpment is part
Many subsequent faults and valleys formed by rivers surrounding

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21
Q

What are the two uplifts of the Saone Graben

A

Jura (to East)
Morvan uplands (to West) - part of Massif Central

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22
Q

How does vineyard location on the slope relate to wine quality

A

Top of slope=Stony, eroded (possibly too cold), steep, rainfall falls away too quickly

Bottom of slope = More clay, fertility, water, deep soils

Middle is perfect - also get best sun aspect

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23
Q

How does slope aspect relate to wine quality

A

Best are South, South East facing
Sun in morning and during day
Protection from westerly winds

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24
Q

Which are the primary grape varities of Burgundy

A

White=Chardonnay, Aligote

(plus some Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Blanc, Melon de Bourgogne and Sacy)

Red=Pinot Noir

(plus some Pinot Gris, Gamay and Cesar)

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25
Q

Where is Chardonnay generally planted

A

In soils with more limestone and less clay
Up at the top of a slope
(places where Pinot struggles to ripen)

Cotes de Beaune and Chablis

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26
Q

Where is Pinot Noir generally planted

A

In warmer soils calcareous soils
Iron or clay can give deeper wines
middle to bottom of slope

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27
Q

What types of wine can you get from Chardonnay

A

North - steely
South - ripe supple opulent peachy, nutty-buttery
Round rich mouth feel

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28
Q

Describe the characteristics of wine that you get from Pinot Noir

A

Fragrence, finesse, delicay
Strawberry soft summer fruits
From oak - vanilla, fondant
From aging - game, vegetal, damson, sweetness

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29
Q

List the chief viticultural hazards in Burgundy

A

Spring Frosts
Summer hailstorms
Rot (for thin skinned Pinot)

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30
Q

How do viticultural practices vary throughout the region

A

Handpicking and gentle ploughing in Cote d’Or- machine elsewhere

Dense planting in Cote d’Or

Single guyot system in Cote d’Or - cordon elsewhere

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31
Q

How is global warming impacting Burgundy

A

More organic/bio dynamic practices (at least lutte-raisonne)

Different clones

Drier and hotter

Earlier harvest

More extreme weather conditions

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32
Q

What is the role of the negociant in Burgundy

A

wine merchants who buy in grapes, must, or wine, blend different lots of wine within an appellation, and bottle the result under their own label.

So many individual growers produce tiny quantities from each of a number of different appellations that it can make sense to make up commercially more significant quantities and bottle them together. Many of the larger Burgundy négociants have significant vineyard holdings of their own.

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33
Q

What is the classification hierarchy of vineyard sites

A

1=Top=Grand Cru (32 vineyards). Chablis must include Chablis name otherwise just vineyard plot
2=Premier Cru (662 vineyards) - label must include Village AOC name as well as vineyard
3=Village AOCs (44)
4= Regional AOCs (7)

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34
Q

Describe wine styles within Chablis +

A

Chablis is 100% white chardonnay

Saint-Bris AOC is for Sauvignon Blanc
Irancy AOC is for reds from Pinot Noir
Vezelay AOC is for whites for Chardonnay

Chatillonais is not an AOC but makes Cremant de Bourgogne

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35
Q

Describe the wine styles within Cote de Nuits

A

All AOCs produce red from Pinot Noir and production is almost all red

Just red - (green camper van)

Geverey-Chambertin
Chambolle-Musigny
Vosnee Romanee

These AOCs have white from Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc as well

Marsannay (also Rose!!)
Fixin
Morey St Denis
Vougeot
Nuits dt George
Cote de Nuits-Villages

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36
Q

Describe the wine styles within the Cote de Beaune

A

All AOCs produce red from Pinot Noir and production is 2/3rds red and 1/3rd white

Just red (the red couple- and the 2 from the end - blue coats)
Pommard
Volnay
Blagny
Cotes de Beaune Villages

These have white from Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc as well
Aloxe-Corton
Pernand Vergeless
Chorey-les-Beane
Savigny-les-Beaune
Beaune
Cotes de Beaune
Monthelie
Saint-Romain
Auxury Duresses
Saint-Aubin
Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
Santenay
Maranges

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37
Q

Describe the wine styles within the Cotes Chalonnais

A

Production is 60% red

Bouzeron AOC is for Aligote
Rully AOC is for Cremant 2/3rds, still white 2/9ths and still red 1/9th
Mercury and Givry AOCs are mostly still reds from Pinot Noir
Montagny AOC is for whites from Chardonnay

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38
Q

Describe the wine styles within the Maconnais

A

90% of the vineyards are Chardonnay

Pouilly-Fuisse and St-Veran AOCs are for still dry Chardonnay

Vire-Clesse AOC is known for late harvest semi-sweet wines

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39
Q

What are the wine-making options particular to Chablis

A

Fermented in stainless steel
Matured in stainless steel, concrete or neutral oak vats

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40
Q

What are the wine-making options particular to Cotes de Nuits/Pinot Noir

A

Whether to hand or machine harvest?
Whether to chaptalise/acidify?
Destem the grapes- wholly, partly, not at all? (more now de-stemming)
Whether to prolong maceration/cold soaking - 4/5 days?
Whether to use cultures or natural yeasts?
What temperature to ferment?
Whether to do pigeage (treading down cap) or pump over?
Length of aging
Aging vessel - 228 oak barrels

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41
Q

What are the wine-making options particular for the Cotes de Beaune for Chardonnay

A

Whether to press grapes
Amount of skin contact, left to settle, then Fermentation in oak 228 casks for up to a year (see barrel fermentation)?
Malolactic fermentation
Lees stirring? (battonage)

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42
Q

Define the term premox

A

white Bourgogne ages too quickly or becomes completely oxidized

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43
Q

What are the reasons for pre-mox

A

Certain clones,
fully ripe fruit,
Less use of sulphur and
Less bâtonnage
Inadequate corks

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44
Q

What are the 7 regional AOCs of Burgundy

A

Bourgogne AOC (with 13 DGCs)
Coteaux Bourgognian AOC
Macon AOC
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC
Bourgogne Mousseaux AOC
Bourgogne Aligote AOC
Bourgogne Passe-tous-Grains AOC

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45
Q

What are the grapes most likely to be used in Cremant de Bourgogne

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Pinot Noir

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46
Q

Where is Cremant de Bourgogne likely to be made

A

Throughout but often cotes and Chalonnais and Chatillonais

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47
Q

What is the difference between Eminent and Grand Eminant Cremant de Bourgogne

A

Both have specifications regarding the production of the wine,
-amount of time they are aged on laths

The Crémant de Bourgogne Eminent denomination requires minimum ageing of 24 months

Crémant de Bourgogne Grand Eminent denomination is 36 months
PLUS 3 months after disgorgement
PLUS only Brut
PLUS >10% abv
PLUS only Chardonnay and Pinot Noir (can put Gamay in rose)
PLUS only first 75% of pressed juice

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48
Q

What are the hierarchial AOCs of Chablis

A

1 (Top) Chablis Grand Cru AOC
2 Chablis AOC- Premier Cru
3 Chablis AOC
4 Petit Chablis

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49
Q

What are the points to note for Chablis Grand Crus

A

One of 7 climats on single hill
Kimmeridgean marl

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50
Q

What are
Blanchots
Bougros
Les Clos
Grenouilles
Preuses
Valmur
Vaudesir

A

The 7 climats of Chablis Grand Cru

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51
Q

What is La Moutonne

A

Climat in Chablis that was not included as Grand Cru

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52
Q

What are the points for note for Chablis Premier Crus

A

Associated with 40 climats (17 umbrella groups)
Can use one of 10 villages on label
Kimmeridgeian marl
Near the River Serein

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53
Q

What are the points to note for Chablis AOC

A

Largest area - 65% of all Chablis wines
All near village of Chablis
Some slopes/some plains
Kimmeridgean marl

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54
Q

What are the points to note for Petit Chablis AOC

A

Covers all communes in Chablis
Portlandian marl
Hilltops or plains

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55
Q

Which are the need to know AOCs of Grand Auxerrois

A

Auxerrois is 60% white
Saint-Bris AOC is for Sauvignon Blanc
Irancy AOC is for reds from Pinot Noir
Vezelay AOC is for whites for Chardonnay

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56
Q

What are the need to know AOCs for Chatillonnais

A

Chatillonais is not an AOC but makes Cremant de Bourgogne

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57
Q

Name the AOCs of the Cote Chalonnaise

A

Production is 60% red

Bouzeron AOC is for Aligote
Rully AOC is for Cremant 2/3rds, still white 2/9ths and still red 1/9th
Mercury and Givry AOCs are mostly still reds from Pinot Noir
Montagny AOC is for whites from Chardonnay

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58
Q

Name the AOCs of the Maconnaise

A

90% of the vineyards are Chardonnay

Pouilly-Fuisse and St-Veran AOCs are for still dry Chardonnay

Macon AOc - which may have one of 26 DGCs or Villages appended (latter is for white only)

Vire-Clesse AOC is known for late harvest semi-sweet wines

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59
Q

What is the difference between Chalonnaise and Maconnaise areas

A

Maconnaise warmer (med influence)
Chalonnaise windier - less protection from winds
Maconnaise gently undulating- Cote Chalonnais is east facing slopes
Chalonnaise soils more limestone - Maconanais more sandy

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60
Q

What is the first cluster of AOCs in the Cote de Nuits

A

Marsannay and Fixin

Marsannay known for producing rose
Fixin - mostly reds

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61
Q

What does ‘Bad Boys Get Lovely Ladies Very Vocal’ mean

A

Grand Cru vineyards of Chablis
Bougros;
Blanchot;
Grenouilles;
Les Clos;
Les Preuses ;
Vaudésir;
Valmur

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62
Q

What does ‘Laughter and Playing can stop babies crying -

Pope V makes saints, and sinners make perfect children

  • but Sting makes videos’
A

AOCs of Cote du Beaune
Laughing=Ladoix
And=Aloxe Corton
Playing=Pernand Vergelesse
Can=Chorey le Beaune
Stop=Savigny le Beaune
Babies=Beaune
Crying=Cote de Beaune
Pope = Pommard
V=Volnay
Makes=Monthelie
Saints=Saint Romain
And=Auxey Duresses
Sinners=Saint-Aubin
Make=Meursault
Perfect=Puligny Montrachet
Children=Chassagne Montrachet
But=Blagny
Sting=Santanay
Makes=Maranges
Videos=Villages

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62
Q

What does ‘Mr Flintoff, Give My Children Very Very Nice Vin’.

A

AOCs of Cotes de Nuits
Mr=Marsannay
Flintoff=Fixin
Give=Gevrey Chambertin
My=Morey St Denis
Children=Chambolle Musigny
Very=Vougeot
Very=Vosne-Romanee
Nice=Nuits St George
Vin=Villages

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63
Q

What does ‘Boozers Make really Good Martinis’ mean

A

AOCs of Cote Chalonnais
Boozers=Bouzeron
Make=Mercurey
Really =Rully
Good=Givrey
Martinis=Montagne

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63
Q

When can you see the grape variety on the label

A

It is only permitted on the labels of regional wines - not higher level wines

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64
Q

Gamay is only used in regional Burgundy appelations - True of False

A

False
Gamay is used in regional AOCs
Primary (with Pinot Noir) red grape in Macon
Sole red grape in Macon -DGCs

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65
Q

In which 3 AOCs is chardonnay not the principal white grape

A

Saint-Bris (Sauvignon Blanc/Gris)
Bouzeron (Aligote) and
Bourgogne Aligote

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66
Q

How much vineyard area is taken up by the 6 minor (not main 4) grape varieties - and name them

A

1%
Cesar (red found in Yonne and Irancy)

Pinot Gris (or Pinot Beurot is pink- found in Marsanny and Burgundy roses)

Pinot Blanc (found throughout)

Melon de Bourgogne (found in Burgundy Coteuax and Cremant)

Sacy (rare white found in Burgundy Coteuax and Cremant)

Sauvignon Blanc (and Gris found in Saint-Bris)

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67
Q

Which grape is 51% of plantings in Burgundy

A

Chardonnay

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68
Q

Which grape is 40% of plantings in Burgundy

A

Pinot Noir

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69
Q

Which are there more plantings of in Burgundy - Aligote or Gamay

A

Aligote= 6%
Gamay=2.5%

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70
Q

When was the first official mapping and classification of the Cote d’Or vineyards

A

1861

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71
Q

When were Burgundy’s boundaries first legally defined

A

1930

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72
Q

What is the quality pyramid for Burgundy AOCs

A

33 are Grand Cru AOCs=1%
662 are Premier Cru (part of village AOCs) =10%
44 are Village AOC=37%
7 are Regional AOC=52%

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73
Q

What grapes would you normally find in white or red regional Burgundy AOC

A

100% Chardonnay (white)
100% Pinot Noir (red)

Can both include Pinot Gris or Blanc or Cesar (if near Chablis)

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74
Q

What is minimum Gamay in a Bourgogne AOC Gamay and where can the grapes come from

A

85%
Grapes must come from Beaujolais Crus

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75
Q

How many DGCs in the Bourgogne AOC

A

13

Remeber Cotes de Couchois=Unique area!
Eg Chitry, Hautes Cotes de Blancs, Tonnere

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76
Q

What grapes would you find in a Macon (non DGC) AOC wine

A

White=100% Chardonnay
Red/Rose=Mix Pinot Noir and Gamay

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77
Q

What grapes would you find in a Macon -DGC wine

A

White=100% Chadonnay
Red=100% Gamay

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78
Q

How many Macon AOC DGCs are for solely white

A

6

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79
Q

If you found a Macon Villages AOC what would the wine be made from?

A

Only white from 100% Chardonnay

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80
Q

Which is this Burgundy AOC from the description…
Regional
White from Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligote and Melon
Red from Gamay and Pinot Noir and Cesar
Rose wines called Clairet

A

Coteaux Bourguigons

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81
Q

How long must a Cremant de Bourgogne stay on the lees

A

Min 9 months

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82
Q

What are the min amounts of Pinot Noir and Gamay found in a Burgundy Passe-tout-Grains

A

30% Pinot Noir
15% Gamay

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83
Q

How would you describe a wine from the Bourgogne Mousseaux AOC

A

Sparkling red
Trad method
Gamay and Pinot Noir normally
9/12 on lees
>3.5 ATM

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84
Q

Which AOC is 39% of the production of regional Burgundy AOCs

A

Burgundy AOC (with DGCs)

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85
Q

Which AOC is 28% of the production of regional AOCs

A

Macon (with DGCs and Villages)

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86
Q

Which AOC is 19 % of the production of regional AOCs

A

Cremant de Bourgogne

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87
Q

Which produces more - Bourgogne Passetoutgrains, Bourgogne Aligote or Coteaux Bourguignons

A

Bourgogne Aligote (11%)
Coteaux Bourguignons (2%)
Bourgogne Passetoutgrains (1%)

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88
Q

Irancy AOC is a red wine made chiefly from Pinot Noir, but what other grape variety can make up to 10% of the blend?

Gamay
Pinot Beurot
César
Pinot Gris

A

Cesar

89
Q

In Bourgogne, which AOC is for sparkling red wines made by the traditional method?

Crémant de Bourgogne

Bourgogne Mousseux

Coteaux Bourguignons

Bourgogne-Sacy

A

Bourgogne Mousseaux

90
Q

If you saw ‘Cave de’ followed by a town what would it signify

A

Wine was produced by one of the 16 co-operatives in Burgundy

91
Q

What % of wine is sold through negociants

A

52%
around 7.5million cases

92
Q

What size is the average vineyard holding in Burgundy

A

6.5 ha

93
Q

What is a micro-negociant?

A

Typically small scale and focus on individual sites to produce terroir driven high end icro-cuvees

94
Q

What is St Romain’s terroir known for?

A

Set in side valley away from main Cote.
High elevation, no exposure to south or east
=> not as rich, piercing acidity from Chardonnay

95
Q

What is Chassagne Montrachet’s terroir known for

A

East facing hillside on main cote
=> rich powerful, luxurious wines from Chardonnay

96
Q

What is Chambolle- Mussigny’s terroir known for?

A

East facing hillside with stony shallow soils
=> elegant perfumed wines from PN

97
Q

What is Nuits St George’s terroir known for?

A

Rich, marly-limestone and pebbly soils
=> meaty spicy wines from PN

98
Q

What would Clos du Cromin mean on a Meursault label or Le Vaucrain on a Cote de Nuits Villages wine

A

Clos du Cromin and Le Vaucrain are highly rated lieu-dits in Meursault and Cotes de Nuit
(not Premier Cru)

Grapes must all have come from that single lieu-dit

99
Q

What would Les Clos mean on a Chablis Grand Cru label or Clos de la Vigne au Saint mean on a Corton Grand Cru label

A

Les Clos is one of the 7 climats of Chablis Grand Cru and Clos de la Vigne au Saint is one of the 28 climats of Corton Grand Cru.

Grapes must all have come from that single climat

100
Q

What % of vignerons are organic in Burgundy

A

around 9%

101
Q

Which are the 2 most common Vine training methods in Burgundy

A

Guyot and Cordon

102
Q

Why would a vigneron spray water over vines

A

Water freezes over new buds- protects them from deeper and colder frost

103
Q

When do vignerons unleash a shield of silver oxide

A

When there is at least a 40% chance of hail

104
Q

Which Burgundy sub-regions extensively use machine harvesting

A

Chablis and Maconnais

105
Q

What size barrels are often used for fermentation

A

228 litres (3 litres more than standard)

106
Q

Oak maturation is normal for white wines in the Cote d’Or, Cote Challonais- True or False

A

True
Especially for the richer Grand Cru wones which will have more new oak

107
Q

What is batonnage

A

Lees stirring - integrates flavours and develops bready characters

108
Q

Is the trend towards more or less de-stemming for red wines

A

Less - more winemakers adding whole bunches

109
Q

Is the trend to more or less punching down

A

Less -instead pump over and shorter maceration

110
Q

What time would most red wine from Cote d’Or and Cote Chalonnaise spend in barrel to mature

0-6 months
6-12 months
12-18 months
12-36 months

A

12-18 months

111
Q

Which village AOC is the only one allowed to produce Rosé?

Marsanne

Marsannay

Meursault

Monthélie

A

Marsannay

112
Q

What is a Beaunois wine

A

White wine from Chablis

113
Q

What would a wine made from red grapes in Chablis be labelled

A

Bougogne AOC

114
Q

The Grand Cru vineyards of
Bourgros
Les Preuses
Vaudesir
Grenouilles
Valmur
Les Clos
Blanchot
and sometime La Moutonne
are each separate AOCs - True or False

A

False - they share Chablis Grand Cru AOC

115
Q

What sea creatures are fossilised in Kimmeridgean marl

A

Oysters => rich and minerally wines

116
Q

What creatures are fossilised in Portlandian marls

A

No fossils => (plus more exposed sites) fruitier, lighter wines

117
Q

Which other Auxerre AOC is on Kimmeridgean marl

A

Irancy

…but red wine only AOC - Normally Pinot Noir

118
Q

Which has the greatest production
Chablis AOC
Chablis Grand Cru
Petit Chablis
Chablis Premier Cru

A

Chablis AOC 58%
Petit Chablis 19%
Chablis Premier Cru 14%
Chablis Grand Cru 2%

119
Q

What is the primary soil type where Petit Chablis is grown?

Belemnite chalk

Kimmeridgean marl

Portlandian

Gravel

A

Portlandian

120
Q

The Grand and Premier Cru vineyards of Chablis sit on what kind of soil?

Sandstone

Chalk

Limestone

Kimmeridgean marl

A

Kimmeridgean marl

121
Q

What are the 2 soils of the Cote de Nuits and are these the same as the Cote de Beaune?

A

Limestone and Limestone-rich marl

Yes - limestone especially in the white wine villages

122
Q

What is this a list of…
Clos de Beze
Chapelle-Chambertin
Charmes and Mazoyeres Chambertin
Chambertin
Girotte Chambertin
Latrices Chambertin
Mazis-Chambertin
Ruchottes Chambertin

A

Grand Crus of Gevrey Chambertin

123
Q

What is this a list of…
Clos de Roche
Clos Saint-Denis
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Clos de Bonne Mares

A

Moray Saint Denis Grand Crus

124
Q

What type of grapes could you find in a Premier Cru Clos de Monts Luisants

A

Chardonnay and/or Aligote

Monts Luisants is a Premier Cru climat in the Cote de Nuits sub-region of Burgundy. This vineyard is one of several that sit on the higer slopes above the Grand Cru sites in the Morey-Saint-Denis appellation. While it makes some notable red wines from Pinot Noir, it is most famous for its white wines made from Chardonnay and Aligoté.

125
Q

Which is Chambolle Musigny’s shared Grand Cru

A

Bonne Mares
shared with Morey St Denis

126
Q

What is this a list of …
Echezeaux
Grand Exchezeaux
Grand Rue
Romanee
Tache
Richebourg
Romanee Conti
Romanee Saint-Vivant

A

Grand Crus of Vosne-Romanee

127
Q

St George is a Grand Cru of Nuits St George - True or False

A

False- Nuits St George has no Grand Crus

128
Q

The majority of Grand Cru Mazoyeres Chambertin is sold under another AOC - True or False

A

True - under Charmes Chambertin AOC

129
Q

Which Grand Cru AOCs in the Cotes de Nuits make white wine

and which in the Cote du Beaune

A

Only one Musigny

In Cote de Beaune =7
Corton Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Batard-Montrachet
Bienvenues-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Criots-Batard Montrachet
Montrachet

130
Q

What is a coomb

A

Valley

131
Q

What is unusual about Romanee-Conti Grand Cru and La Tache Grand Cru and La Grande Rue

A

They are all monopoles with a single owner
La Tache is owned by Domaine de la Romanee-Conti

132
Q

Which are the top 3 producers in the Cotes de Nuits by AOC

A

Gevrey-Chambertin=21%
Nuits st-George=16%
Marsannay=12%

133
Q

Which village AOCs of the Côte de Nuits have no Grand Cru vineyards? Select all that apply.

Marsannay

Gevrey-Chambertin

Fixin

Nuits-Saint-Georges

Morey-Saint-Denis

Chambolle-Musigny

A

Marsannay
Fixin
Nuits St George

134
Q

Which Côte de Nuits Grand Cru is the only one located at the bottom of a slope?

Bonnes-Mares

La Tâche

Chambertin

Clos de Vougeot

Clos de la Roche

Musigny

A

Clos de Vougeot

135
Q

Ladoix produces red and white wines - True or False

A

True

136
Q

Whic river runs through Savigny-les-Beaune?

A

Rhoin river - dividing the Mont Battois and Bois de Noel vineyards

137
Q

Pommard vineyards have a lower clay and active limestone content than Volnay - True or False

A

False - high concentration of clay and active limestone (with lime). Volnay has less clay and more chalk
=> powerful robust wines

138
Q

Which is the largest wine producing village in the Cote d’Or

A

Meursault

139
Q

Which village has more white wine Grand Crus than any other village in Burgundy

A

Puligny Montrachet

140
Q

Which village lies on the banks of the Dheune river

A

Santenay

141
Q

What is the significance of this list…..
Corton
Corton Charlemagne
Charlemagne

A

The Grand crus of the hill of Corton shared between Pernand Vergelesse, Aloxe Corton and Ladoix (which has no Charlemagne Grand Cru)

142
Q

What is the significance of this list….
Batard Montrachet
Beinvenues-Batard Monrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Montrachet
Criots-Batard-Montrachet

A

The Grand Crus of Montrachet
Montrachet and Batard Montrachet are shared
Criots-Batard Montrachet is solely Chassagne Montrachet
The others are solely Puligny Montrachet

143
Q

Which are the top three AOC producers in the Cote de Beaune

A

Beaune AOC =10%
Meursault AOC=10%
Savigny-les-Beaune=8%
Santenay=8%
Pommard=8%
Chassagne-Montrachet=8%

144
Q

Which of these Côte de Beaune Village AOCs only make red Wine?
 Select all that apply.

Volnay

Santenay

Pommard

Monthélie

Ladoix

Beaune

A

Volnay and Pommard

145
Q

The Côte de Beaune has just one Grand Cru for Red wines – which one of these is it?

Montrachet

Meursault

Charlemagne

Corton

Chevalier-Montrachet

Puligny-Montrachet

A

Corton

146
Q

Is the cote Chalonnaise warmer and cooler than the Cote d’or

A

Cooler - because there is less shelter from west winds

147
Q

Which are the two main soils of the Cote Chalonnaise
Limestone-rich marl
Granite and Schist
Pink limestone of Premeaux
Sandy Marl

A

Limestone rich marl
Sandy marl

Granite ad schist belong in the Maconnais

148
Q

What grape would you expect find in a bottle of Bouzeron AOC

A

Aligote- only allowed

149
Q

Which of the Chalonnais villages is known for Cremant

A

Rully - also does still reds and whites from PN and Chardonnay

150
Q

Which of the Chalonnais villages is the largest producer

A

Mercurey
follwed by Rully and Montagny

151
Q

What might you expect from a bottle of Montagny

A

Dry white from chardonnay from Cave de Vignerons de Buxy co-op.

152
Q

Bouzeron AOC makes wines from which grape variety?


Pinot Noir

Gamay

Aligoté

César

Sacy

Pinot Blanc

A

Aligote

153
Q

Bouzeron and Montagny are both village AOCs in the Côte Chalonnaise. What is unusual about them?

They only make sweet wine.

They only make rosé wine.

They only make Crémant.

They only make white wine.

A

They only make white wine

154
Q

What would you expect to find in a bottle of Macon white and would it differ from a
-Pouilly-Fuisse Premier Cru?
-Saint Veran

A

100% chardonnay
No - Pouilly Fuisse would also be 100% chardonnay - including Premier Crus and St Veran would also be 100% chardonnay

155
Q

Which produces more Pouilly-Fuisse or Saint Veran

A

Pouilly-Fuisse - just 38% vs 37%

156
Q

How many Premier Cru climats are there in Pouilly-Fuissé?

32

40

22

12

A

22

157
Q

All village level AOCs in the Mâconnais make dry white wines from Chardonnay, but one AOC makes some sweeter wines as well. Which AOC is that?

Pouilly-Loché

Saint-Véran

Mâcon-Village

Viré-Clessé

A

Vire-Clesse

158
Q

Why are négociants so important in Bourgogne?

A

Network of small individual growers
Negociants can benefit from
- economies of scale
-mitigating weather risk
-extend range

159
Q

Bourgogne produces more red wine than white. True or False?

True

False

A

False

160
Q

Which Bourgogne AOC produces wines from Sauvignon Blanc?


Irancy

Vézelay

Montagny

Saint-Bris

Bouzeron

Saint-Romain

A

Saint-Bris

161
Q

In which of these villages will you find the La Tâche Grand Cru?


Gevrey-Chambertin

Vosne-Romanée

Morey-Saint-Denis

Chambolle-Musigny

Vougeot

Pommard

A

Vosne-Romanee

162
Q

50% of the production of the Côte de Nuits is white wine.

True or False?

False

True

A

False 90% is red

163
Q

The Grand Cru, Premiers Crus and most village level Chablis vineyards sit on which kind of soil?

Kimmeridgean Marl

Portlandian

Sandstone

Chalk

Granite

A

Kimmeridgean marl

164
Q

Which Bourgogne AOC produces red wine from Pinot Noir and César grapes?

Bouzeron

Irancy

Marsannay

Saint-Bris

A

Irancy

165
Q

Which of these are climats of Chablis Grand Cru?

Select all that apply.

Blanchot

Vézelay

Auxerre

Bougros

Saint-Bris

Les Clos

Grenouilles

Musigny

Charlemagne

Preuses

Valmur

Bouzeron

Vaudésir

Monts Luisants

A

Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Preuses, Valmur, Vaudesir

166
Q

How many climats are ranked as Premier Cru in Pouilly-Fuissé?

17

55

26

22

14

41

A

22

167
Q

Bourgogne’s Premiers Crus have their own AOC just as the Grands Crus do. True or False?

False

True

A

False

168
Q

Which of these is NOT a Village AOC found in the Grand Auxerrois?

Saint-Bris

Irancy

Auxerre

Vézelay

A

Auxerre

169
Q

Which of these is an important centre of production for Crémant de Bourgogne?


Mercurey

Rully

Givry

Montagny

Bouzeron

A

Rully

170
Q

Saint-Romain is the only AC in Bourgogne authorized to grow Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris.

True or False?

True

False

A

Saint-Bris is the only AOC in Burgundy that uses Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris

171
Q

What is the primary soil type where Petit Chablis is grown?


Portlandian

Kimmeridgean Marl

Belemnite Chalk

Limestone

Gravel

Sand

A

Portlandian

172
Q

By what name is Pinot Gris sometimes known in Bourgogne?

Aligoté

Melon

Pinot Beurot

Auxerrois Gris

A

Pinot Beuret

173
Q

Which of these famous Bourgogne villages has no Grand Cru vineyards? Select all that apply.

Nuits-Saint-Georges

Vougeot

Chambolle-Musigny

Beaune

Aloxe-Corton

Pommard

Volnay

Chassagne-Montrachet

Meursault

Pouilly-Fuissé

A

Nuits St George, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault, Pouilly-Fuisse

174
Q

Which of the following is an AOC in the Mâconnais?

Saint-Roman

Marsannay

Saint-Véran

Givry

A

Saint Veran

175
Q

Which of the following is a Dénominations Géographiques Complémentaires / DGC?


Bourgogne Aligoté

Crémant de Bourgogne

Bourgogne Mousseux

Bourgogne Épineuil

Coteaux Bourguignons

Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains

Bourgogne Gamay

A

Bourgogne Epineuil

176
Q

Which of the following Grands Crus makes both red and white wine? Select all that apply.

Montrachet

Corton

Clos de Vougeot

Charmes-Chambertin

Musigny

La Romanée

A

Corton and Musigny

177
Q

Which city is located just to the north of the Côte d’Or?


Lyon

Beaune

Mâcon

Dijon

Auxerre

Marsannay

A

Dijon

178
Q

Which of the following AOCs only make red wine?

Select all that apply

Aloxe-Corton

Beaune

Pommard

Nuits-Saint-George

Monthélie

Mercurey

Volnay

A

Pommard and Volnay

179
Q

Which Duke of Burgundy outlawed Gamay?

Charles the Bald

John the Fearless

Philippe the Bold

Philippe the Good

A

Phillipe the Bold

180
Q

Question 2

The first official classification of Bourgogne vineyards was in 1855.

True or False?

False

True

A

False - first official classification was in 1861

181
Q

Irancy AOC is a red wine made chiefly from Pinot Noir, but what other grape variety can make up to 10% of the blend?

Gamay

Pinot Beurot

César

Pinot Gris

A

Ceasar

182
Q

In Bourgogne, which AOC is for sparkling red wines made by the traditional method?

Crémant de Bourgogne

Bourgogne Mousseux

Coteaux Bourguignons

Bourgogne-Sacy

A

Bougogne Mousseux

183
Q

Which village AOC is the only one allowed to produce Rosé?

Marsanne

Marsannay

Meursault

Monthélie

A

Marsannay

184
Q

What is the capacity of the traditional Bourgogne barriques – or barrel ?

225 liters

228 liters

211 liters

350 liters

A

228 litres

185
Q

Which village AOCs of the Côte de Nuits have no Grand Cru vineyards? Select all that apply.

Marsannay

Gevrey-Chambertin

Fixin

Nuits-Saint-Georges

Morey-Saint-Denis

Chambolle-Musigny

A

Marsanny, Fixin, Nuits St George

186
Q

Which Côte de Nuits Grand Cru is the only one located at the bottom of a slope?

Bonnes-Mares

La Tâche

Chambertin

Clos de Vougeot

Clos de la Roche

Musigny

A

Clos de Vougeot

187
Q

Which grape varieties are used in Saint-Bris AOC?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Gris

188
Q

What are the five main sub-regions of Bourgogne?

A

Chablis+, Cote de Nuit, Cote de Beaune, Chalonnais and Maconnais

189
Q

What is marl

A

Clay and limestone mix

190
Q

Which grape variety is used to make Bouzeron AOC

A

Aligote

191
Q

Generally vineyards in the Cote d’or face in which direction

A

East, South East

192
Q

Which Burgundy sub-region has soils of granite and schist

A

Maconnais

193
Q

Wines labelled Macon-Villages can only be red _True or False

A

False - they can only be white

194
Q

Which Bourgogne village was awarded 22 premiers crus from the 2020 vintage?

A

Pouilly-Fuisse

195
Q

How many climats are in the Chablis Grand Cru

A

7 - plus and unofficial one called La Moutonne

196
Q

Passe-tout-grains is a blend of which two red grapes

A

Pinot Noir and Gamay

197
Q

Which Bourgogne DGC only makes red wine

A

Cote de Couchois

Epineuil only makes red and rose

198
Q

Which Grand Crus only make white

A

All in Cote du Beaune
2 on hill of Corton=Corton Charlemagne and Charlemagne
5 in Montrachet

199
Q

Which villages only make white in Cote d’or

A

None - all make red

200
Q

Which villages make red and white in the Cotes de Nuit

A

Marsannay
Fixin
Morey st Denis
Vougeot
Nuits-st-george
Cotes de Nuit St George

Only red
Gevrey
Chambolle-Musigny (but the Grand Cru does)
Vosne-Romanee

201
Q

Which villages just make red in the Cotes du Beane

A

Pommard, Volnay, Bagny and Cotes du Beaune

202
Q

Which sub-region is nearest to the Paris Basin

A

Chablis and Auxerrois

203
Q

Which is younger Kimmeridgean or Portland limestone

A

Portlandian

204
Q

Which is the flat part of the Saone Graben

A

Bresse Plain

205
Q

Where would you typically find Sacy grape

A

Cremant de Bourgogne

206
Q

Where would you typically find a Pinot Blanc in Burgundy

A

Regional, village or even some Grand Cru

207
Q

Where would you typically find a Pinot GrisC

A

Marsannay
- although authorised throughour

208
Q

Where would you typically find Melon de Bourgogne

A

Coteaux Bourgignons or Cremant

209
Q

Vignerons typically use 75% new oak for red maturation -True or False

A

False - new oak used sparingly

210
Q

What % is the total production of village and premier crus

A

47%
of which premier cru is 10%

211
Q

Where are the oldest marine deposits

A

south in Maconnais - youngest around Chablis

212
Q

What is Chablis Tonnere

A

Premier Cru vineyard

213
Q

What is the river that runs through Chablis

A

Serein

214
Q

Which is Burgundy’s youngest (need to know) AOC

A

Vezelay
Chardonnay on limestone

215
Q

Which village has the most Grand Cru

A

Gevrey (9)
second is Vosne-Romanee (8)

216
Q

Clos de Vougeot Grand Cru is just for red - True or False

A

True

217
Q

Which Grand Cru is shared between Chambolle-Musigny and Morey-Saint Denis

A

Bonnes Mares

218
Q

Which village has all the Clos Grand Crus

A

Morey St Denis

219
Q

Which of Chorey-les-Beaune and Savigny-les-Beaune are more or an easy drinking style

A

Chorey-les-Beaune= on plains by the railway (no premier cru)

Savigny= 22 Premier Cru

220
Q

Saone joins at which subregion

A

Maconnais

221
Q

What is the prominent topographical feature of Maconnaise

A

3 Bioherms
Rock of Solutre
Rock of Vergisson
Mont de Pouilly

222
Q

What is Levroute

A

Semi sweet wine of Vire-Clesse
Residual sugar 0.8-1.8%

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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