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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Champagne * > Flashcards

Champagne * Flashcards

1
Q

Where is champagne on a map of France

A

The region lies a short 1.5-hour drive east of Paris.
North of Burgundy
West of Lorraine
Most northerly wine producing regions of France

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2
Q

What are the three main cities of the champagne region

A

Reims, Epernay and Troyes

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3
Q

Which are the 4 subregions of champagne
(clockwise from North)

A

The Montagne and Val de Reims
Côte des Blancs and Surroundings
Côte des Bar (far south east)
Vallée de la Marne

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4
Q

List three 17c advancements that led to the development of sparkling wine

A

a stronger glass bottle,
a uniform bottle neck opening and
an airtight cork seal

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5
Q

Identify the home of the Counts of Champagne, the past capital of the Champagne region

A

Troyes, home of the Counts of Champagne was once the capital of the Champagne region.

To south east of Reims (towards Cotes du Bar)

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6
Q

Name the 17th century wooden instrument used to eliminate carbon dioxide from sparkling wine

A

mosser
(like a wooden whisk)

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7
Q

What are the terms for French sparkling wines produced outside of Champagne

A

1 crémant ( using the traditional method),
2 pétillant (light natural fizziness using method ancestral- bottling with some residual sugar so that fermentation continues in bottle) or
3 mousseux (sparkling - 2nd fermentation in a pressure tank=charmant method?)

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8
Q

What is the difference between the terms Méthode Champenoise and Méthode Traditionnelle

A

Champagne also claims ownership of the term “methode champenoise” and other regions have to use “methode Traditionnelle”

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9
Q

Describe Champagne’s climate

A

The climate is continental with marked maritime influences.
Cold and harsh
Barely enough sunshine to ripen grapes
Summers warm, winters cold
Rainfall ample - moist air
Frost, hail, fog, rain, storms, humidy all perils

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10
Q

What are the factors that influence champagnes climate

A

Topography -hillsides provide shelter, suntraps
Maritime influence (from Northern Seas) and rivers and canals moderate temps

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11
Q

List the climate-related vine threats in Champagne and the factors that mitigate them

A

frost=60-80 days a year! ….vineyard position + fire, fans or sprinklers,
hail=vineyard position + netting,
fog= as frost,
rain and humidity = organic farming, clones resistant to rot
low sunshine= poor ripening

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12
Q

Define “chalk”

A

Chalk is a type of porous limestone, a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. It can be, and was, quarried for building materials.

Because of its porosity, a chalk subsoil stores water. It effectively drains the topsoil of moisture like a subterranean sponge. Chalk can hold between 300-400 liters per cubic meter.

Grapes grown on chalk in Champagne are typically quite high in acid, producing lean wines with reserved aromatics.

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13
Q

Explain the difference between Micraster and Belemnite chalk

A

Belemnite chalk refers to the fossilized remains of ancient arrow- or dart-like relatives of today’s squid, while Micraster chalk is composed of fossilized sea-urchins, a member of the starfish family. Belemnite is preferred.

no significant mineral or physical differences between the two types of chalk

The Belemnite chalk ended up at the upper to mid-slope levels…

….which happens to be the best place for optimal sun exposure, air circulation and water drainage for the growing of vines. In contrast, the Micraster chalk is located where the slope begins to flatten

Both found in Paris Basin

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14
Q

Identify Champagne’s soil types

A

Chalk - Mircaster and Belenmite
Limestone rich marls (inc Kimmeridgean marl)
Composites of sand and clay

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15
Q

Which sub-regions contain the following soils
Chalk
Limestone marl
Kimmeridgean marl
Sand and clay composites
Chalk and Clay

A

Chalk=Grand Montagne de Reims, Cotes des Blancs, (plus Vitryat, Montguex)

Limestone Marl=Montagne de Reims, Cote des Bar

Kimmedridgean marl= Cote des Bar

Sand and Clay=Vallée de la Marne, Val de Reims and Côteaux Sud d’Epernay

Chalk and Clay=Cote de Sezanne

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16
Q

Which are the three primary grapes used in Champagne

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier

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17
Q

What does chardonnay add to champagne

A

Chardonnay contributes notes of apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity.

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18
Q

What does Pinot Noir add to champagne

A

contributes the least amount of acidity, moderate alcohol and notes of strawberry, cherry, and other red fruits to a blend. It grows well on limestone-rich marls.

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19
Q

What does Pinot Meunier add to champagne

A

Meunier contributes bright red fruit, earthiness, and a note of rye bread to a blend. It also delivers a moderate amount of acidity and the least amount of alcohol. In this way, it softens a blend and makes it more approachable. This grape flourishes in a variety of soils but is commonly planted on marl, sands, and clays.

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20
Q

Which is the dominant grape grown in each of the Champagne sub-regions

A

1 The Montagne and Val de Reims =>
Massif de Saint Thierry=meunier
Val de Reims=meunier
Grande Maontagne de Reims=Pinot Noir
Mont de Berru=chardonnay on chalk,
2 Vallée de la Marne =>
Grand Vallee de la Marne=Pinot Noir
Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche, Rive Droit, Oeust=Meunier
Conde=Meunier
Coteaux sud d’Epernay=Meunier and Chardonnay
3 Côte des Blancs and Surroundings =>
Cote de Blancs=Chardonnay
Val de Petit Morin=Chadonnay and Meunier
Cote de Sezanne, Vitryat, Montgueux=Chardonnay
4 Côte des Bar=>
Bar-sur-Aubois=Pinot Noir
Barsequanais=Pinot Noir

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21
Q

What are the 4 terroirs of the Montagne and Val de Reims

A

Massif de Saint Thierry
Val de Reims
Grande Montagne de Reims
Mont de Berru

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22
Q

What are the 6 terroirs of the Valle de Marne

A

Grand Vallee de la Marne
Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche,
Rive Droit,
Oeust
Conde
Coteaux sud d’Epernay

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23
Q

What are the 5 terroirs of the Cotes de Blanc

A

Cote de Blancs
Val de Petit Morin
Cote de Sezanne,
Vitryat,
Montgueux

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24
Q

What are the 2 terroirs of the Cotes de Bar

A

Bar-sur-Aubois
Barsequanais

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25
Why is Pinot Meunier now referred to as Meunier
Different DNA to other Pinots Chimeric mutation Pinot genotype for its internal cells Other genotype for its outer layer
26
What are the sought-after attributes driving clonal selection in Champagne
High-acid berries Resistance to grey rot and botrytis. Pinot Noir clones that have bigger berries to produce more juice Meunier clones that have a later bud break. Later ripening for climate change
27
Why are so few champagnes labelled as “organic”
Difficulties of marginal climate. As the overwhelming majority of champagne is made from purchased grapes blended from different vineyards, villages and sub- regions, being able to label a champagne 'organic or 'biodynamic is truly a monumental feat.
28
List the ways in which global warming is impacting the winemaking process in Champagne
Average temps have increased Flowering and harvest 10-14 days earlier Higher risk of frost at budbreak Ripening easier for reds Greater interest in organic Less chaptalization/dosage
29
What are the three AOCs of Champagne
Rose des Riceys Coteux Champenois Champagne
30
Describe Rose des Riceys
Makes rose wine from Pinot Noir
31
Describe Coteaux de Champenois
makes still white wines from chardonnay,roses from pinot gris and reds from Pinots Noir and Meunier Village of Bouzy
32
Describe Champagne AOC
Makes sparkling white and rose wines from chardonnay, pinot gris, Pinots Noir and Meunier and blends of each.
33
why is champagne typically a blended product
Producers blended different grapes from different sub-regions in order to achieve and maintain consistency within their cuvée each year. By incorporating grapes from diverse growing areas, producers minimized the risk of crop loss due to frost or other adverse weather conditions.
34
Summarize the Echelle des Crus
It ranks the 300+ wine-producing villages and the vineyards that surround them in a hierarchy. Villages and their vineyards were ranked on a scale of 80-100%. The best villages have a 100% rating of Grand Cru
35
Define the three rankings of the Ecchelle des Crus
Grand Cru= 100% ranking=17 villages Premier Cru=90-99%=42 villages Other=80-89%
36
Describe the difference between Grand Cru and Premier Cru
Scale of prices established where villages granted status and higher grape prices Grand Cru= top 17 communes Premier Cru= next 42
37
What are Blanc de Blanc champagnes
Champagne made exclusively from white grapes (Chardonnay)
38
What is Blanc de Noir champagne
Made exclusively from black grapes
39
How is Rose champagne made
Either adding a small proportion of red wine to the blend; or Letting the juice remain in contact with the red grape skins for a short time during fermentation
40
What are prestige cuvées of champagne
Deluxe versions of best house style
41
What are late disgorged champagnes
Champagne has an extended period of aging (extra age) on the lees prior to disgorgement. Delaying the disgorgement just prior to the release of the bottling of the Champagne retains the wines freshness and vitality.
42
What are single vineyard champagnes called
Mono-parcelle Site specific champagne with grapes only from that site
43
What are single cru champagnes called
Mono-cru fruit one village or cru. An examnple of a mono-cru is Salon's Cuvée "S" Le Mesnil Blanc de Blancs” crafted solely from Chardonnay from Le Mesnil-sur-Oge.
44
What is a special club champagne
Special Club are peer-reviewed cuvées from members of the prestige Club Trésors de Champagne. -must be made entirely on a member's Own premises, -must use their own grapes and -must only make I n outstanding vintages. -Wines must undergo two years aging to earn the right to be labelled as "Spécial Club' and be -sold in the club’s signature bottle.
45
What is the solera/perpetual method for champagnes
Similar to Sherry solera Newer vintages added to blend
46
What is NM on a champagne label
N.M.: Négociant-Manipulant. Term describing a champagne producer who incorporates grapes purchased from others in the Vinification process. He may also be using his own fruit. All the big champagne houses are NMs.
47
What is RM on a champagne label
Récoltant-Manipulant. Term describing a champagne producer vinifying only his or her own estate-grown grapes. An RM does not purchase grapes from others.
48
What is the primary point of difference between the champagne method and the rural/ancestral method
Dosage Unlike the traditional method used to produce Champagne, where a dosage of sugar and yeast is added to the wine before bottling, the ancestral method relies solely on the residual sugar in the wine to feed the yeasts and create the bubbles.
49
What are the steps in the champagne process
Vine cultivation and grape harvests. ... Pressing and settling. ... Fermentation. Two fermentation phases ' alcoholic involving yeast and malolactic involving bacteria ' serve to generate the flavors and style of each champagne variety. Blending. ... Second fermentation. ... Maturation, ageing and riddling. ... Disgorgement and dosage.
50
Who was Dom Perignon
17c cleric who owned vineyards near Eperney Improved quality, pruning etc Blends Made "white" wine from red grapes esp Pinot Noir
51
Who was Madame Cliquot
Nicole Ponsardin Developer of pupitres to assist in remuage
52
Who was Jean Baptiste Francois
Calculated correct amount of sugar in dosage for 2nd fermentation
53
What links Krug, Bollinger and Roederer
Came to champagne from the Rhine at end of 19c
54
When were champagne riots
1911
55
Define mosser
wooden whisks to release the trapped gas from the wine in the 1600
56
Define sur lattes
Sur lattes literally translates as "on the lattes." Lattes are the thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack. The legal but questionable practice of selling wine sur lattes refers to the sale of finished sparkling wine to another party who will put their own label on it.
57
Define crayeres
Ancient, underground quarries, from chalk, are now used as wine cellars. Cool temperatures (10°C) and ample humidity, they are perfect for wine storage.
58
Define tirage
Part of the sparkling winemaking process during which sugar and yeast are added to the blended base wines in order to provoke a second fermentation, thereby creating carbon dioxide gas. It is sometimes used to refer to the entire period during which the sparkling wine matures on the lees of this second fermentation.
59
Define prise de mousse
Capturing the froth This is the stage when the wine starts to bubble as a result of the carbon dioxide given off in the process. To kick-start second fermentation, the winemaker prepares a liqueur de tirage — still Champagne (vins clairs) mixed with a small quantity of sugar (see below) and liquid cultures of active wine yeast strains (ferments de tirage)
60
Define liquer de tirage
To kick-start second fermentation, the winemaker prepares a liqueur de tirage — still Champagne (vins clairs) mixed with a small quantity of sugar (see below) and liquid cultures of active wine yeast strains (ferments de tirage).
61
Define remuage
French for the riddling process. Dislodging the deposit left in a bottle after a second fermentation has taken place inside it and shaking it into the neck of the inverted bottle. It can be achieved either by hand or, more speedily, by machine (see gyropalette).
62
Define pupitre
French name for a hand riddling rack
63
Define gyropalette
special metal crate holding many dozen inverted bottles of traditional method sparkling wine in a remote-controlled, movable frame. This is the mechanized form of riddling
64
Define degorgement
Remove the deposit now in the neck of an inverted bottle. The conventional way of achieving this is to freeze the bottle neck and deposit by plunging the necks of the inverted bottles into a tray of freezing solution. The bottles are then upended, the crown cap flipped off, and the 2 cm deposit flies out as a solid pellet of ice.
65
Define liqueur de dosage or liqueur d’expedition
The final addition to a sparkling wine which may top up a bottle in the case of traditional method wines, and also determines the sweetness, or residual sugar, of the finished wine. In French this addition is called the liqueur d’expédition and, in traditional method wines, usually comprises a mixture of wine and sugar syrup.
66
Define juponne
Young mushroom shaped cork
67
Define cheville
If it has the lower part (foot) in the width, it is called "juponne" (jupon = petticoat) and the bottle was probably corked less than a year before. If the foot is narrow, it is a "Cheville" (cone), which means that the corking was done a long time ago.
68
Which was the first champagne house
Ruinart
69
What type of chalk is found on the upper to mid vineyard slopes so is ideal for sunshine and drainage 1 Belemnite 2 Micraster 3 Paris Basin 4 Coleoidea
Belemnite
70
What is the name of the upland sub-region to the north of Épernay? Côte des Blancs Montagne de Reims Côte des Bar Côte de Sézanne
Montagne de Reims
71
Who was baptised in Reims on Christmas Day 496, by Saint Remigius, the Bishop of Reims? Charlemagne Joan of Arc Clovis Napoléon Bonaparte
Clovis
72
Question 2 Which Champagne house can claim to be the oldest? Ruinart Moët & Chandon Gosset Taittinger
Ruinart
73
What is the term for blending the various base wines – vins clairs – to create the cuvée? Tirage Assemblage Élevage Rémuage
Assemblage
74
What names can be given for the mixture added to each bottle towards the end of the process that defines the champagne style? Name all that are correct. liqueur de tirage liqueur de dosage liqueur de dégorgement liqueur d’expédition
Liquer de dosage or Liquer de expedition
75
Which champagne grape gives the least amount of acidity to a blend? Meunier Pinot Noir Chardonnay Riesling
Pinot Noir
76
Question 2 What is the third most planted grape in Champagne? Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinot Blanc Meunier
Chardonnay After Pinot Noir and Meunier
77
In which sub-region of Champagne is Rosé des Riceys produced? Côtes de Sezanne Vitryat Vallée de la Marne Cote des Bar
Cote des Bar
78
What is the system for deciding whether a village is a Premier Cru, Grand Cru, or neither, called? Spécial Club Solera Échelle des Crus Récoltant-Manipulant
Echelle des Crus
79
What is it about the Champagne region that has made blending so important to its success?
Mitigate the risk of a marginal climate Miitgate risk of failure in single variety Allows producers to increase volume Reduces vintage variation and have house style which improves brand loyalty
80
A Blanc de Blancs champagne can only be made from Chardonnay grapes. True or False?
False Chardonnay is by far the most widely grown white grape, so almost all Blanc de Blancs champagnes are made from that – however there are tiny amounts of Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Arbanne and Petit Meslier, all of which can be used to make a Blanc de Blancs champagne.
81
If your bottle of Champagne is made solely from grapes grown in the Côte des Blancs, what style of champagne are you most likely to be drinking?
Blanc des blancs The villages of the Côte des Blancs almost exclusively grow Chardonnay and make Blanc de Blancs champagnes.
82
A Blanc de Noirs champagne can only be made from Pinot Noir grapes. True or False?
False Although Blanc de Noirs champagnes are most associated with Pinot Noir, Meunier can also be used – or they can be a blend of both.
83
With regards to the Échelle des Crus, what ranking does a Cru need to achieve in order to be used to make champagne – or be ranked as Premier Cru or Grand Cru?
Grand Cru=100% Premier Cru=90-99% Champagne=80-89%
84
Which statement best describes Champagne’s climate?
Continenatal with maritime influence
85
Grapes for champagne can be harvested by hand or by machine. True or False?
False
86
Which grapes can go into a Blanc des Blanc
Chadonnay Pinot Blanc Arbane Petit Meslier
87
Which grapes can go into a Blanc des Noirs
Pinot Noir Meunier Pinot Gris
88
Which French King championed champagne and is said to have drunk it with every meal?
Louis XIV
89
Which Champagne sub-region has the same soils as those in Chablis – Kimmeridgean Marls?
Cotes de Bar
90
What are the aging requirements for non-vintage and vintage champagnes
Vintage 12/12 on lees, 36/12 in total from tirage Non-vintage 12/12 on lees, 15/12 in total
91
Put these champagne stages in the correct order Dosage Remouage Assemblage Tirage Elevage Degorgement
Assemblage Tirage Elevage Remouage Degorgement Dosage
92
How many Grand Cru Villages are there in Champagne?
17
93
In what type of vessel is most champagne fermented? Oak barrels Stainless steel tanks Concrete tanks Amphorae
Sainless steel tanks
94
The Champagne region is relatively small because the vineyards are planted on chalky slopes, rather than the arable flatland which covers most of the region. True or False?
True
95
Match up the grape to what it contributes to the champagne blend: Pinot Noir Chardonnay Meunier apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity red fruit, earthiness, rye bread, softness low acidity, moderate alcohol, red summer fruits
apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity=C red fruit, earthiness, rye bread, softness=M low acidity, moderate alcohol, red summer fruits =PN
96
What was the name for Pinot Gris in Champagne from the 9th to the 16th centuries? Fromenteau Arbane Petit Meslier Gouais Blanc
Fromenteau
97
Most rosé champagne is made by bleeding off some of the juice from fermenting red grapes – a saignée. True or False?
False
98
What does “Prise de Mousse” refer to?
 Adding the dosage Bottling of cuvée Turning the bottles during remuage The second fermentation
The second fermentation
99
If a champagne producer only vinifies grapes from their own vineyards, which producer code should they show on their label?
RM
100
What traumatic, historic event reduced the size of the Champagne region to a fifth of its previous size? The First World War The Second World War The Black Death Phylloxera
Phylloxera
101
Before the Champagne Method was perfected in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the wines of Champagne were produced using a less sophisticated process. This is still used in other regions – what is it called?
Method Ancestrale
102
Put the champagne sweetness levels in order from driest at the top to sweetest at the bottom:
Brut Natural Extra Brut Brut Extra Sec Sec Seni-sec Doux
103
What is disgorgement
Removing plug of dead yeast from bottle after riddling
104
What is disgorgement a la volee
Disgorgement by hand
105
What is a mosser
Small utensil, whisk, for removing bubbles from champagne
106
what is the climate of the champagne region
Continental with maritime influences
107
In what year did the King of France allow wine to be sold and transported in bottles
1728
108
What is the most popular style of champagne
Non vintage Brut
109
Which city was historically the capital of the Champagne region
Troyes
110
What is chalk?
Calcareous limestone - pourous. Bennonite = squid remains Sedimentary rock of calcium carbonate
111
Which was the first Champagne house
Ruinart - 1729
112
In Champagne the vineyards are ranked Grand Cru or Premier Cru. True or False
False - Village is ranked not the vineyard 17 Grand Cru 42 Premier Cru
113
In Champagne, which is higher ranking - Grand Cru or Premier Cru
Grand Cru
114
What 2 types of chalk are found in Champagne
Bennonite Mircraster
115
Which is the dominant grape variety grown in the Grande Montagne de Reims
Pinot Noir
116
What is the dominant grape variety grown in the Vallee de la Marne
Meunier
117
What is Kimmeridgean marl
Marl from clay and limestone particular to Chablis and Champagne made from sea oysters fossils shaped liked commas
118
What is the dominant fossil found in Belmmnite chalk
Relative of modern-day Squid
119
What is a Mono-parcelle
A single specifc parcel of land/vineyard
120
What is a mono-cru
A single specific village
121
What is a gyropalette
An Automatic riddling machine
122
What is a Blanc de Blancs
wine made from only white skin grapes Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Arbane, Petit Meslier
123
What is the dominant grape variety of the Cotes des Blancs
Chardonnay
124
List 7 Dosage levels from direst to sweetest
Brut Nature Extra Brut Brut Extra Sec Sec Demi-Sec Doux
125
What is the dominant variety of the Cote de Sezanne
Chardonnay
126
What is a blanc de Noirs
Champagne from black skinned grapes Pinot Noir
127
What does the abbreviation RM refer to on a Champagne label
Recoltant-Manipulant Vinifies only their own estate grown grapes
128
What are the three principal grape varieties of Champagne
Pinot Noir Chardonnay Meunier
129
What are the four authorized (but ancilliary) grape varieties in Champagne
Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris Arbane Petit Meslier
130
What was the contribution of Veuve Cliquot (ponsardin) to the champagne method
Development of the riddling process
131
A champagne labelled 'Grand Cru' comes from a single vineyard - True or False
False - can come from any number of vineyards within Grand Cru villages
132
What is a 'Perpetual Reserve'
Wine kept back from previous years is added to with wines from current year. Similar to sherry solera
133
What is a 'Tete de Cuvee'
Champagne house's prestige cuvee
134
What were the two principal grapes of Champagne between the 9th to 16th Centuries
Gouais Blanc Fromenteau
135
What are crayeres
Underground Roman chalk quarries - now used as cellars for aging
136
Which grape variety is most planted in Champagne
Pinot Noir
137
There is a set blending formula for the Champagne AOC - True or False
False. All has own blend and house style
138
What is the difference between AOC Coteaux Champenois and AOC Champagne
AOC Champagne for sparkling AOC Coteaux Champenois=still
139
What is remuage
Riddling; the turning and tilting of champagne bottles from horizontal to vertical to collect the lees in the neck.
140
What does the abbreviation NM refer to on a Champagne label
Negociant-Manipulant Buys grapes and produces own Champagne
141
What is another term for liqueur d'expedition
Liqueur de dosage
142
143
What is the dominant variety of the cote des Bar
Pinot Noir
144
What is the 'liquer d'expedition'
Sugar and wine mixture - c1ml Replaces lost wine in degorgement and gives final level of sweetness
145
What is the 'prise de mousse'
2nd fermentation Seizing of the foam
146
What is transversage
Transfer from 75cl bottles to another of different size
147
What is the primary grape variety of Rose des Riceys
Pinot Noir
148
What are the three AOCs in the Champagne region
Rose de Riceys Champagne Coteaux Champenois
149
What does MA mean on a label
Marque Auxilliere or Marque d’Acheter Private label for particular client, shop, restaurant etc. Can be any type of producer
150
What does RC mean on a label
Recoltant Co-oprateur Grower making wine from co-op and selling under private label
151
What does SR mean on label
Society de Recoltants Group of grape growers with communal facilities and brand
152
Approximately how many grape growers are there
20,000
153
When was Clovis baptised
508
154
How many French Kings were crowned in Reims
27
155
What is a Grand Marque
Great and Famous Champagne house
156
Why was Champagne good for trade.... and war
Cross-roads between Eastern Europe and Paris Much trade But low lying so easy to fight on
157
When was Champagne first allowed to be sold in bottle
1728 King's decree
158
Why is Champagne hand harvested
Legal requirement
159
What type of press is used for Champagne
Traditional press is wide and flat As it is shallow there is less skin contact
160
What % of rose champagne is made via the saignee method
10-15%
161
What pressure is champagne
4.9-6 ATM
162
What does the liquer de tirage add for alcohol
Up to 1.5% after around 30 days
163
What abv is the vin clair (approx)
9-11.5% (with no chaptalisation) Need acid for autolysis
164
How long does NV spend on lees and is this different for Vintage
12 months minimum - same for vintage
165
How long does NV spend in total on lees and in cellar and is this different for Vintage
15 months minimum -36 months min for Vintage
166
What are the %s of Pinot Noir, Meunier and Chardonnay
38%, 32%, 30% Others less than 3%
167
What is the largest AOC in France by value
Champagne
168
Who was Madame Pommery
Made the first ever Brut champagen with no extra dosage 19th C Previously all sweet
169
What is approx sales for Champagne
Approx 5 billion euro a year 300 million bottles
170
Where are the 17 villages rated Grand Cru situated
9 in Montagne de Reims 2 in Vallee de Marne 6 in Cotes des Blancs
171
Which terroirs are good for Chardonnay
Montagne=Montes de Berru Vallee de Marne=Coteaux d'Epernay Cotes des Blancs=Cotes des Blancs, Cotes de Sezanne, Vitryat, Montgeux, Vale de Petit Moran Cotes de Bar=None
172
Which terroirs are good for Pinot Noir
Grande Montagne de Reims Grand Vallee de la Marne Cotes des Bar - sur Arbois and Barsequannais

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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