Champagne * Flashcards
Where is champagne on a map of France
The region lies a short 1.5-hour drive east of Paris.
North of Burgundy
West of Lorraine
Most northerly wine producing regions of France
What are the three main cities of the champagne region
Reims, Epernay and Troyes
Which are the 4 subregions of champagne
(clockwise from North)
The Montagne and Val de Reims
Côte des Blancs and Surroundings
Côte des Bar (far south east)
Vallée de la Marne
List three 17c advancements that led to the development of sparkling wine
a stronger glass bottle,
a uniform bottle neck opening and
an airtight cork seal
Identify the home of the Counts of Champagne, the past capital of the Champagne region
Troyes, home of the Counts of Champagne was once the capital of the Champagne region.
To south east of Reims (towards Cotes du Bar)
Name the 17th century wooden instrument used to eliminate carbon dioxide from sparkling wine
mosser
(like a wooden whisk)
What are the terms for French sparkling wines produced outside of Champagne
1 crémant ( using the traditional method),
2 pétillant (light natural fizziness using method ancestral- bottling with some residual sugar so that fermentation continues in bottle) or
3 mousseux (sparkling - 2nd fermentation in a pressure tank=charmant method?)
What is the difference between the terms Méthode Champenoise and Méthode Traditionnelle
Champagne also claims ownership of the term “methode champenoise” and other regions have to use “methode Traditionnelle”
Describe Champagne’s climate
The climate is continental with marked maritime influences.
Cold and harsh
Barely enough sunshine to ripen grapes
Summers warm, winters cold
Rainfall ample - moist air
Frost, hail, fog, rain, storms, humidy all perils
What are the factors that influence champagnes climate
Topography -hillsides provide shelter, suntraps
Maritime influence (from Northern Seas) and rivers and canals moderate temps
List the climate-related vine threats in Champagne and the factors that mitigate them
frost=60-80 days a year! ….vineyard position + fire, fans or sprinklers,
hail=vineyard position + netting,
fog= as frost,
rain and humidity = organic farming, clones resistant to rot
low sunshine= poor ripening
Define “chalk”
Chalk is a type of porous limestone, a sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. It can be, and was, quarried for building materials.
Because of its porosity, a chalk subsoil stores water. It effectively drains the topsoil of moisture like a subterranean sponge. Chalk can hold between 300-400 liters per cubic meter.
Grapes grown on chalk in Champagne are typically quite high in acid, producing lean wines with reserved aromatics.
Explain the difference between Micraster and Belemnite chalk
Belemnite chalk refers to the fossilized remains of ancient arrow- or dart-like relatives of today’s squid, while Micraster chalk is composed of fossilized sea-urchins, a member of the starfish family. Belemnite is preferred.
no significant mineral or physical differences between the two types of chalk
The Belemnite chalk ended up at the upper to mid-slope levels…
….which happens to be the best place for optimal sun exposure, air circulation and water drainage for the growing of vines. In contrast, the Micraster chalk is located where the slope begins to flatten
Both found in Paris Basin
Identify Champagne’s soil types
Chalk - Mircaster and Belenmite
Limestone rich marls (inc Kimmeridgean marl)
Composites of sand and clay
Which sub-regions contain the following soils
Chalk
Limestone marl
Kimmeridgean marl
Sand and clay composites
Chalk and Clay
Chalk=Grand Montagne de Reims, Cotes des Blancs, (plus Vitryat, Montguex)
Limestone Marl=Montagne de Reims, Cote des Bar
Kimmedridgean marl= Cote des Bar
Sand and Clay=Vallée de la Marne, Val de Reims and Côteaux Sud d’Epernay
Chalk and Clay=Cote de Sezanne
Which are the three primary grapes used in Champagne
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
What does chardonnay add to champagne
Chardonnay contributes notes of apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity.
What does Pinot Noir add to champagne
contributes the least amount of acidity, moderate alcohol and notes of strawberry, cherry, and other red fruits to a blend. It grows well on limestone-rich marls.
What does Pinot Meunier add to champagne
Meunier contributes bright red fruit, earthiness, and a note of rye bread to a blend. It also delivers a moderate amount of acidity and the least amount of alcohol. In this way, it softens a blend and makes it more approachable. This grape flourishes in a variety of soils but is commonly planted on marl, sands, and clays.
Which is the dominant grape grown in each of the Champagne sub-regions
1 The Montagne and Val de Reims =>
Massif de Saint Thierry=meunier
Val de Reims=meunier
Grande Maontagne de Reims=Pinot Noir
Mont de Berru=chardonnay on chalk,
2 Vallée de la Marne =>
Grand Vallee de la Marne=Pinot Noir
Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche, Rive Droit, Oeust=Meunier
Conde=Meunier
Coteaux sud d’Epernay=Meunier and Chardonnay
3 Côte des Blancs and Surroundings =>
Cote de Blancs=Chardonnay
Val de Petit Morin=Chadonnay and Meunier
Cote de Sezanne, Vitryat, Montgueux=Chardonnay
4 Côte des Bar=>
Bar-sur-Aubois=Pinot Noir
Barsequanais=Pinot Noir
What are the 4 terroirs of the Montagne and Val de Reims
Massif de Saint Thierry
Val de Reims
Grande Montagne de Reims
Mont de Berru
What are the 6 terroirs of the Valle de Marne
Grand Vallee de la Marne
Vallee de la Marne Rive Gauche,
Rive Droit,
Oeust
Conde
Coteaux sud d’Epernay
What are the 5 terroirs of the Cotes de Blanc
Cote de Blancs
Val de Petit Morin
Cote de Sezanne,
Vitryat,
Montgueux
What are the 2 terroirs of the Cotes de Bar
Bar-sur-Aubois
Barsequanais
Why is Pinot Meunier now referred to as Meunier
Different DNA to other Pinots
Chimeric mutation
Pinot genotype for its internal cells
Other genotype for its outer layer
What are the sought-after attributes driving clonal selection in Champagne
High-acid berries
Resistance to grey rot and botrytis.
Pinot Noir clones that have bigger berries to produce more juice Meunier clones that have a later bud break.
Later ripening for climate change
Why are so few champagnes labelled as “organic”
Difficulties of marginal climate.
As the overwhelming majority of champagne is made from purchased grapes blended from different vineyards, villages and sub- regions, being able to label a champagne ‘organic or ‘biodynamic is truly a monumental feat.
List the ways in which global warming is impacting the winemaking process in Champagne
Average temps have increased
Flowering and harvest 10-14 days earlier
Higher risk of frost at budbreak
Ripening easier for reds
Greater interest in organic
Less chaptalization/dosage
What are the three AOCs of Champagne
Rose des Riceys
Coteux Champenois
Champagne
Describe Rose des Riceys
Makes rose wine from Pinot Noir
Describe Coteaux de Champenois
makes still white wines from chardonnay,roses from pinot gris and reds from Pinots Noir and Meunier
Village of Bouzy
Describe Champagne AOC
Makes sparkling white and rose wines from chardonnay, pinot gris, Pinots Noir and Meunier and blends of each.
why is champagne typically a blended product
Producers blended different grapes from different sub-regions in order to achieve and maintain consistency within their cuvée each year.
By incorporating grapes from diverse growing areas, producers minimized the risk of crop loss due to frost or other adverse weather conditions.
Summarize the Echelle des Crus
It ranks the 300+ wine-producing villages and the vineyards that surround them in a hierarchy.
Villages and their vineyards were ranked on a scale of 80-100%. The best villages have a 100% rating of Grand Cru
Define the three rankings of the Ecchelle des Crus
Grand Cru= 100% ranking=17 villages
Premier Cru=90-99%=42 villages
Other=80-89%
Describe the difference between Grand Cru and Premier Cru
Scale of prices established where villages granted status and higher grape prices
Grand Cru= top 17 communes
Premier Cru= next 42
What are Blanc de Blanc champagnes
Champagne made exclusively from white grapes (Chardonnay)
What is Blanc de Noir champagne
Made exclusively from black grapes
How is Rose champagne made
Either adding a small proportion of red wine to the blend; or
Letting the juice remain in contact with the red grape skins for a short time during fermentation
What are prestige cuvées of champagne
Deluxe versions of best house style
What are late disgorged champagnes
Champagne has an extended period of aging (extra age) on the lees prior to disgorgement. Delaying the disgorgement just prior to the release of the bottling of the Champagne retains the wines freshness and vitality.
What are single vineyard champagnes called
Mono-parcelle
Site specific champagne with grapes only from that site
What are single cru champagnes called
Mono-cru
fruit one village or cru. An examnple of a mono-cru is Salon’s Cuvée “S” Le Mesnil Blanc de Blancs” crafted solely from Chardonnay from Le Mesnil-sur-Oge.
What is a special club champagne
Special Club are peer-reviewed cuvées from members of the prestige Club Trésors de Champagne.
-must be made entirely on a member’s Own premises,
-must use their own grapes and
-must only make I n outstanding vintages.
-Wines must undergo two years aging to earn the right to be labelled as “Spécial Club’ and be
-sold in the club’s signature bottle.
What is the solera/perpetual method for champagnes
Similar to Sherry solera
Newer vintages added to blend
What is NM on a champagne label
N.M.: Négociant-Manipulant.
Term describing a champagne producer who incorporates grapes purchased from others in the Vinification process. He may also be using his own fruit. All the big champagne houses are NMs.
What is RM on a champagne label
Récoltant-Manipulant.
Term describing a champagne producer vinifying only his or her own estate-grown grapes. An RM does not purchase grapes from others.
What is the primary point of difference between the champagne method and the rural/ancestral method
Dosage
Unlike the traditional method used to produce Champagne, where a dosage of sugar and yeast is added to the wine before bottling, the ancestral method relies solely on the residual sugar in the wine to feed the yeasts and create the bubbles.
What are the steps in the champagne process
Vine cultivation and grape harvests. …
Pressing and settling. …
Fermentation.
Two fermentation phases ‘ alcoholic involving yeast and malolactic involving bacteria ‘ serve to generate the flavors and style of each champagne variety.
Blending. …
Second fermentation. …
Maturation, ageing and riddling. …
Disgorgement and dosage.
Who was Dom Perignon
17c cleric who owned vineyards near Eperney
Improved quality, pruning etc
Blends
Made “white” wine from red grapes esp Pinot Noir
Who was Madame Cliquot
Nicole Ponsardin
Developer of pupitres to assist in remuage
Who was Jean Baptiste Francois
Calculated correct amount of sugar in dosage for 2nd fermentation
What links Krug, Bollinger and Roederer
Came to champagne from the Rhine at end of 19c
When were champagne riots
1911
Define mosser
wooden whisks to release the trapped gas from the wine in the 1600
Define sur lattes
Sur lattes literally translates as “on the lattes.” Lattes are the thin strips of wood used to separate one row of champagne bottles from another in a stack.
The legal but questionable practice of selling wine sur lattes refers to the sale of finished sparkling wine to another party who will put their own label on it.
Define crayeres
Ancient, underground quarries, from chalk, are now used as wine cellars. Cool temperatures (10°C) and ample humidity, they are perfect for wine storage.
Define tirage
Part of the sparkling winemaking process during which sugar and yeast are added to the blended base wines in order to provoke a second fermentation, thereby creating carbon dioxide gas.
It is sometimes used to refer to the entire period during which the sparkling wine matures on the lees of this second fermentation.
Define prise de mousse
Capturing the froth
This is the stage when the wine starts to bubble as a result of the carbon dioxide given off in the process. To kick-start second fermentation, the winemaker prepares a liqueur de tirage — still Champagne (vins clairs) mixed with a small quantity of sugar (see below) and liquid cultures of active wine yeast strains (ferments de tirage)
Define liquer de tirage
To kick-start second fermentation, the winemaker prepares a liqueur de tirage — still Champagne (vins clairs) mixed with a small quantity of sugar (see below) and liquid cultures of active wine yeast strains (ferments de tirage).
Define remuage
French for the riddling process.
Dislodging the deposit left in a bottle after a second fermentation has taken place inside it and shaking it into the neck of the inverted bottle. It can be achieved either by hand or, more speedily, by machine (see gyropalette).
Define pupitre
French name for a hand riddling rack
Define gyropalette
special metal crate holding many dozen inverted bottles of traditional method sparkling wine in a remote-controlled, movable frame. This is the mechanized form of riddling
Define degorgement
Remove the deposit now in the neck of an inverted bottle. The conventional way of achieving this is to freeze the bottle neck and deposit by plunging the necks of the inverted bottles into a tray of freezing solution. The bottles are then upended, the crown cap flipped off, and the 2 cm deposit flies out as a solid pellet of ice.
Define liqueur de dosage or liqueur d’expedition
The final addition to a sparkling wine which may top up a bottle in the case of traditional method wines, and also determines the sweetness, or residual sugar, of the finished wine. In French this addition is called the liqueur d’expédition and, in traditional method wines, usually comprises a mixture of wine and sugar syrup.
Define juponne
Young mushroom shaped cork
Define cheville
If it has the lower part (foot) in the width, it is called “juponne” (jupon = petticoat) and the bottle was probably corked less than a year before. If the foot is narrow, it is a “Cheville” (cone), which means that the corking was done a long time ago.
Which was the first champagne house
Ruinart
What type of chalk is found on the upper to mid vineyard slopes so is ideal for sunshine and drainage
1 Belemnite
2 Micraster
3 Paris Basin
4 Coleoidea
Belemnite
What is the name of the upland sub-region to the north of Épernay?
Côte des Blancs
Montagne de Reims
Côte des Bar
Côte de Sézanne
Montagne de Reims
Who was baptised in Reims on Christmas Day 496, by Saint Remigius, the Bishop of Reims?
Charlemagne
Joan of Arc
Clovis
Napoléon Bonaparte
Clovis
Question 2
Which Champagne house can claim to be the oldest?
Ruinart
Moët & Chandon
Gosset
Taittinger
Ruinart
What is the term for blending the various base wines – vins clairs – to create the cuvée?
Tirage
Assemblage
Élevage
Rémuage
Assemblage
What names can be given for the mixture added to each bottle towards the end of the process that defines the champagne style?
Name all that are correct.
liqueur de tirage
liqueur de dosage
liqueur de dégorgement
liqueur d’expédition
Liquer de dosage or
Liquer de expedition
Which champagne grape gives the least amount of acidity to a blend?
Meunier
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Riesling
Pinot Noir
Question 2
What is the third most planted grape in Champagne?
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Blanc
Meunier
Chardonnay
After Pinot Noir and Meunier
In which sub-region of Champagne is Rosé des Riceys produced?
Côtes de Sezanne
Vitryat
Vallée de la Marne
Cote des Bar
Cote des Bar
What is the system for deciding whether a village is a Premier Cru, Grand Cru, or neither, called?
Spécial Club
Solera
Échelle des Crus
Récoltant-Manipulant
Echelle des Crus
What is it about the Champagne region that
has made blending so important to its success?
Mitigate the risk of a marginal climate
Miitgate risk of failure in single variety
Allows producers to increase volume
Reduces vintage variation and have house style which improves brand loyalty
A Blanc de Blancs champagne can only be made from Chardonnay grapes.
True or False?
False
Chardonnay is by far the most widely grown white grape, so almost all Blanc de Blancs champagnes are made from that – however there are tiny amounts of Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Arbanne and Petit Meslier, all of which can be used to make a Blanc de Blancs champagne.
If your bottle of Champagne is made solely from grapes grown in the Côte des Blancs, what style of champagne are you most likely to be drinking?
Blanc des blancs
The villages of the Côte des Blancs almost exclusively grow Chardonnay and make Blanc de Blancs champagnes.
A Blanc de Noirs champagne can only be made from Pinot Noir grapes.
True or False?
False
Although Blanc de Noirs champagnes are most associated with Pinot Noir, Meunier can also be used – or they can be a blend of both.
With regards to the Échelle des Crus, what ranking does a Cru need to achieve in order to be used to make champagne – or be ranked as Premier Cru or Grand Cru?
Grand Cru=100%
Premier Cru=90-99%
Champagne=80-89%
Which statement best describes Champagne’s climate?
Continenatal with maritime influence
Grapes for champagne can be harvested by hand or by machine.
True or False?
False
Which grapes can go into a Blanc des Blanc
Chadonnay
Pinot Blanc
Arbane
Petit Meslier
Which grapes can go into a Blanc des Noirs
Pinot Noir
Meunier
Pinot Gris
Which French King championed champagne and is said to have drunk it with every meal?
Louis XIV
Which Champagne sub-region has the same soils as those in Chablis – Kimmeridgean Marls?
Cotes de Bar
What are the aging requirements for non-vintage and vintage champagnes
Vintage 12/12 on lees, 36/12 in total from tirage
Non-vintage 12/12 on lees, 15/12 in total
Put these champagne stages in the correct order
Dosage
Remouage
Assemblage
Tirage
Elevage
Degorgement
Assemblage
Tirage
Elevage
Remouage
Degorgement
Dosage
How many Grand Cru Villages are there in Champagne?
17
In what type of vessel is most champagne fermented?
Oak barrels
Stainless steel tanks
Concrete tanks
Amphorae
Sainless steel tanks
The Champagne region is relatively small because the vineyards are planted on chalky slopes, rather than the arable flatland which covers most of the region.
True or False?
True
Match up the grape to what it contributes to the champagne blend:
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Meunier
apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity
red fruit, earthiness, rye bread, softness
low acidity, moderate alcohol, red summer fruits
apple and citrus as well as high alcohol and high acidity=C
red fruit, earthiness, rye bread, softness=M
low acidity, moderate alcohol, red summer fruits =PN
What was the name for Pinot Gris in Champagne from the 9th to the 16th centuries?
Fromenteau
Arbane
Petit Meslier
Gouais Blanc
Fromenteau
Most rosé champagne is made by bleeding off some of the juice from fermenting red grapes – a saignée.
True or False?
False
What does “Prise de Mousse” refer to?
Adding the dosage
Bottling of cuvée
Turning the bottles during remuage
The second fermentation
The second fermentation
If a champagne producer only vinifies grapes from their own vineyards, which producer code should they show on their label?
RM
What traumatic, historic event reduced the size of the Champagne region to a fifth of its previous size?
The First World War
The Second World War
The Black Death
Phylloxera
Phylloxera
Before the Champagne Method was perfected in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the wines of Champagne were produced using a less sophisticated process. This is still used in other regions – what is it called?
Method Ancestrale
Put the champagne sweetness levels in order from driest at the top to sweetest at the bottom:
Brut Natural
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Sec
Sec
Seni-sec
Doux
What is disgorgement
Removing plug of dead yeast from bottle after riddling
What is disgorgement a la volee
Disgorgement by hand
What is a mosser
Small utensil, whisk, for removing bubbles from champagne
what is the climate of the champagne region
Continental with maritime influences
In what year did the King of France allow wine to be sold and transported in bottles
1728
What is the most popular style of champagne
Non vintage Brut
Which city was historically the capital of the Champagne region
Troyes
What is chalk?
Calcareous limestone - pourous.
Bennonite = squid remains
Sedimentary rock of calcium carbonate
Which was the first Champagne house
Ruinart - 1729
In Champagne the vineyards are ranked Grand Cru or Premier Cru. True or False
False - Village is ranked not the vineyard
17 Grand Cru
42
Premier Cru
In Champagne, which is higher ranking - Grand Cru or Premier Cru
Grand Cru
What 2 types of chalk are found in Champagne
Bennonite
Mircraster
Which is the dominant grape variety grown in the Grande Montagne de Reims
Pinot Noir
What is the dominant grape variety grown in the Vallee de la Marne
Meunier
What is Kimmeridgean marl
Marl from clay and limestone particular to Chablis and Champagne made from sea oysters fossils shaped liked commas
What is the dominant fossil found in Belmmnite chalk
Relative of modern-day Squid
What is a Mono-parcelle
A single specifc parcel of land/vineyard
What is a mono-cru
A single specific village
What is a gyropalette
An Automatic riddling machine
What is a Blanc de Blancs
wine made from only white skin grapes
Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Arbane, Petit Meslier
What is the dominant grape variety of the Cotes des Blancs
Chardonnay
List 7 Dosage levels from direst to sweetest
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Sec
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
What is the dominant variety of the Cote de Sezanne
Chardonnay
What is a blanc de Noirs
Champagne from black skinned grapes
Pinot Noir
What does the abbreviation RM refer to on a Champagne label
Recoltant-Manipulant
Vinifies only their own estate grown grapes
What are the three principal grape varieties of Champagne
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Meunier
What are the four authorized (but ancilliary) grape varieties in Champagne
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Arbane
Petit Meslier
What was the contribution of Veuve Cliquot (ponsardin) to the champagne method
Development of the riddling process
A champagne labelled ‘Grand Cru’ comes from a single vineyard - True or False
False - can come from any number of vineyards within Grand Cru villages
What is a ‘Perpetual Reserve’
Wine kept back from previous years is added to with wines from current year.
Similar to sherry solera
What is a ‘Tete de Cuvee’
Champagne house’s prestige cuvee
What were the two principal grapes of Champagne between the 9th to 16th Centuries
Gouais Blanc
Fromenteau
What are crayeres
Underground Roman chalk quarries - now used as cellars for aging
Which grape variety is most planted in Champagne
Pinot Noir
There is a set blending formula for the Champagne AOC - True or False
False.
All has own blend and house style
What is the difference between AOC Coteaux Champenois and AOC Champagne
AOC Champagne for sparkling
AOC Coteaux Champenois=still
What is remuage
Riddling; the turning and tilting of champagne bottles from horizontal to vertical to collect the lees in the neck.
What does the abbreviation NM refer to on a Champagne label
Negociant-Manipulant
Buys grapes and produces own Champagne
What is another term for liqueur d’expedition
Liqueur de dosage
What is the dominant variety of the cote des Bar
Pinot Noir
What is the ‘liquer d’expedition’
Sugar and wine mixture - c1ml
Replaces lost wine in degorgement and gives final level of sweetness
What is the ‘prise de mousse’
2nd fermentation
Seizing of the foam
What is transversage
Transfer from 75cl bottles to another of different size
What is the primary grape variety of Rose des Riceys
Pinot Noir
What are the three AOCs in the Champagne region
Rose de Riceys
Champagne
Coteaux Champenois
What does MA mean on a label
Marque Auxilliere or Marque d’Acheter
Private label for particular client, shop, restaurant etc.
Can be any type of producer
What does RC mean on a label
Recoltant Co-oprateur
Grower making wine from co-op and selling under private label
What does SR mean on label
Society de Recoltants
Group of grape growers with communal facilities and brand
Approximately how many grape growers are there
20,000
When was Clovis baptised
508
How many French Kings were crowned in Reims
27
What is a Grand Marque
Great and Famous Champagne house
Why was Champagne good for trade…. and war
Cross-roads between Eastern Europe and Paris
Much trade
But low lying so easy to fight on
When was Champagne first allowed to be sold in bottle
1728
King’s decree
Why is Champagne hand harvested
Legal requirement
What type of press is used for Champagne
Traditional press is wide and flat
As it is shallow there is less skin contact
What % of rose champagne is made via the saignee method
10-15%
What pressure is champagne
4.9-6 ATM
What does the liquer de tirage add for alcohol
Up to 1.5%
after around 30 days
What abv is the vin clair (approx)
9-11.5% (with no chaptalisation)
Need acid for autolysis
How long does NV spend on lees and is this different for Vintage
12 months minimum
- same for vintage
How long does NV spend in total on lees and in cellar and is this different for Vintage
15 months minimum
-36 months min for Vintage
What are the %s of Pinot Noir, Meunier and Chardonnay
38%, 32%, 30%
Others less than 3%
What is the largest AOC in France by value
Champagne
Who was Madame Pommery
Made the first ever Brut champagen with no extra dosage
19th C
Previously all sweet
What is approx sales for Champagne
Approx 5 billion euro a year
300 million bottles
Where are the 17 villages rated Grand Cru situated
9 in Montagne de Reims
2 in Vallee de Marne
6 in Cotes des Blancs
Which terroirs are good for Chardonnay
Montagne=Montes de Berru
Vallee de Marne=Coteaux d’Epernay
Cotes des Blancs=Cotes des Blancs, Cotes de Sezanne, Vitryat, Montgeux, Vale de Petit Moran
Cotes de Bar=None
Which terroirs are good for Pinot Noir
Grande Montagne de Reims
Grand Vallee de la Marne
Cotes des Bar - sur Arbois and Barsequannais
