Bordeaux * Flashcards
1
Q
What is the climate of Bordeaux
A
Maritime
2
Q
What is Les Landes
A
Largest man made pine forest
3
Q
What are the principle viticultural hazards
A
Spring frost, hail and Rain (rot)
4
Q
What are warm soils. Where are they found and which grapes need to grow on them
A
Sand and gravel which warm quickly
Found Left bank and entre deux mers
Late ripening such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Petit Verdot
5
Q
What are cool soils. Where are they found and which grapes grow best on them
A
Clay and limestone which are dense and moisture retaining
Found on Right bank
Early ripening such as Merlot, Malbec and Cabernet Franc
6
Q
Bordeaux’s climate is fundamentally maritime - but which phenomenon regulates and tempers the climatic conditions?
The Humboldt Current
The Gironde Estuary
The Gulf Stream
The Benguela Current
The Bay of Biscay
A
Gulf Stream
7
Q
What is the name of the large man-made forest to the west of Bordeaux which provides a barrier to ocean winds and storms, so protecting the region’s vineyards?
La Forêt de Notre-Dame
Chevaux
Les Landes
Limousin
Allier
Vosges
A
Les Landes
8
Q
Define Bituriges Vivsci
A
Pre roman tribe living in Bordeaux
9
Q
Who were the Plantagenets
A
1152 Henry and Eleanor Kingdom of England and Aquitaine lasted 300 years
10
Q
When was 100 year war
A
1337 -1453
Final battle near St Emilion
11
Q
What was the Dutch influence on Burgundy
A
Sweet white wine for Bardjiwine
Drained Medoc peninsula
12
Q
Who was Haut Brion
A
Bodeaux merchant - built chateaux in vineyards- now wineries known as Chateaux
In Pessac-Leoganan
13
Q
What were the 4 natural disasters of 19c-20c
A
Powdery mildew
Downy Mildew
Phylloxera
Big Freeze 1956
14
Q
Why was Cot replaced with Merlot
A
Cot killed off in Big Freeze of 1956. Merlot more cold hardy
15
Q
Who was Emile Peynaud
A
Émile Peynaud was Professor of Oenology at the University of Bordeaux.
Peynaud encouraged wine makers to use the fruit from young vines in a second label wine – a second wine.
16
Q
Who was Robert Parker
A
Robert Parker launched his Wine Advocate and was evangelical about the merits of the 1982 vintage – giving high scores to the wines.
This brought world attention to Bordeaux – Robert Parker rocketed to stardom and Bordeaux entered its third Golden Age.
17
Q
What % of trade is via negociants
A
70%
18
Q
Majority of Bordeaux is exported - True or False
A
False
19
Q
How many co-ops
A
29 and 3 unions
20
Q
Which vintages were heavily oversold en primeur
A
2009 and 2010
21
Q
Which French duchess married Henry Plantagenet in 1152, bringing her lands under English rule?
Elaine of Anjou
Matilda of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Castile
Isabelle of Angoulême
Eleanor of Provence
A
Eleanor of Aquitaine
22
Q
In which year did the extreme winter destroy much of the Côt crop in Bordeaux and South-West France – causing many producers to replace the grape with Merlot?
1855
1982
1956
2017
A
1956
23
Q
Which are the three top white grapes of Bordeaux
A
Semillon (sweet wines) 54%
Sauvignon Blanc 34%
Muscadelle (used in small amounts for aromatics) 7%
24
Q
Which is the rose/gris grape of Bordeaux
A
Sauvignon Gris
25
Which are the top 3 red grapes of Bordeaux
Merlot (soft flesh) ~ 68%
Cabernet Sauvignon (shoulders and backbone)~14%
Cabernet Franc (backbone with leaf)~14%
26
Which are the 3 minor red grapes of Bordeaux
Cot (Malbec)
Petit Verdot (tannin and spice)
Carmenere
27
Which are the 2 new white allowed grape varities)
Alvarinho and Liliorila
no more than 5% vineyard/10% blend
28
What are the 4 new allowed red grape varities
Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan and Touriga Nacional - no more than 5% vineyard/10% blend
29
Which are the top 3 Bordeaux grapes
Merlot 59%
Cabernet Sauvignon (20%)
Cabernet Franc (8%)
30
Which grape variety is the most widely planted in Bordeaux?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
Merlot
31
Which white grape is the primary variety for sweet wines from Bordeaux?
Sauvignon Blanc
Sémillon
Muscadelle
Semillon
32
Which are the two main VTS in Bordeuax
Taille Medocaine and and Guyot (single or double)
33
What is an average density planting
High in Medoc 10,00/ha
Low in Cotes 5,000/ha
34
What climate change measures are in place
New varities
disease restitant hybrids
Drought tolerant hybrids
Rethinking leaf removal
Delay budbreak by delay winter pruning
working towards Terra Vitis/Demeter etc standards
35
What is the French term for punch downs?
Remontage
Pigeage
Délestage
Montage
Bâtonnage
Pigeage
36
What is the French term for pump over?
Remontage
Pigeage
Délestage
Montage
Bâtonnage
Remontage
37
Which AOC covers the entire region and makes dry white, rosé, red, light red/clairet and semi-sweet/moulleux wines.
Bordeaux AOC
38
Which are the 3 regional AOCs
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Superier
Cremant de Bordeaux
39
Which grapes cannot be used in Bordeaux Superiere but can be in Bordeaux AOC
Alvarinho
40
Which wines must be a blend of at least 70%
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle, Sauvignon Gris, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Côt, Carmenère.
Cremant de Bordeaux
41
Whiich Bordeaux AOC wines are made from blends based on Merlot – they have light tannins and are best drunk young.
Bordeaux Rouge
42
Which wines are primarily Sauvignon Blanc – sometimes 100% – or blends with Sémillon.
The great majority of these wines are bright and fresh. They are mainly fermented and matured in stainless steel, with no malolactic conversion – so that aromatics are preserved. Oak is sometimes used
Bordeaux Blanc Sec
43
What would you expect to find in a Bordeaux Haut-Benage
Haut-Benauge is a strip of land in the Entre-deux-Mers sub-region that runs parallel to the Garonne River.
dry and semi-sweet wines largely from Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc.
Haut-Benauge is a DGC of Bordeaux AND Entre-deux-Mers –
44
Which is this wine
made from the red varieties with the possible addition of Sémillon and/or the two Sauvignons.
They are always dry and most often made by the saignée method.
Bordeaux rose
45
Which are paler Clairet or Rose
Bordeaux Rose
46
What is this wine binf described
Includes all white varieties except Alvarinho
semi-sweet
Grapes can be handpicked – but selective sorting is not mandated.
Normally ripe grapes are harvested along with the those that are affected by botrytis.
Bordeaux Molleaux
47
Which are the two types of Bordeaux superior
Rouge and Blanc
(sweet)
48
What is the minimum aging requirement for Bordeaux Superior rouge
15 June following year after harvest
49
What sweetness levels does Bordeaux Superior Blanc come in
Only semi-sweet
50
Which ate the six sub-regions of Bordeaux
Medoc
Graves
Sauternes
Libournais
Entre deux mers
The Cotes
51
Why is Cotes called 'Cotes'
and which are the important grapes
vineyard areas that slope towards the rivers in Bordeaux – or to the Gironde estuary.
Merlot and Cabernet Franc
52
There are 9 AOCs in Libourne - how many only make red wine (excluding DGCs)
9
DGCs of Cotes de Bordeaux - Balye, Francs and St Foye can all make white- Blaye dry only and makes 3% of all Bdx whites)
53
Which grape is not permited in Pomerol
Carmenere
54
Which is the dominant grape in Entre deux mers
Sauvignon Blanc
55
Why is the Sauternes area good for Botrytis
Early morning mists - cool Ciron river meets warm waters of Gironde
56
There are only sweet wines in Sauternes AOC - True or False
True. Any red wines produced are labeled as Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur AOC. Dry whites are labeled as Bordeaux AOC.
57
Where were the first vineyards planted in Bordeaux
Graves
58
Which are the white wines of the Medoc AOCs?
None - all only make red wine.
White wines are Bordeaux AOC
59
Which wine style is not included in the regional Bordeaux AOC?
Dry white
Rosé
Sparkling
Light red/Clairet
Sparkling
60
Bordeaux AOC rosés can only be made from red grape varieties. True or False?
True
False
False - Bordeaux Rosés are made from the red varieties with the possible addition of Sémillon and/or the two Sauvignons.
61
Describe the typical soils of the Medoc
Gravel mounds on limestone
62
Which are the primary grape varieties of the Medoc
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
Secondary include
Cabernet Franc. Merlot, Cot and Carmenere
63
Which are the 8 AOCs of the Medoc
Medoc and Haut-Medoc bookend
Three big structure AOCs=Sainte Estephe, Paulliac and Saint Julien
Elegant= Margeaux
Two randoms= Listrac and Moulis=en-Medoc
64
Which is the most northerly Medoc commune AOC
Saint Estephe
65
How many classified growths in Paulliac
and how many Premier Crus
17
3 Premier - more than oany other commune
66
What does Listac mean
Fringe
67
Which grape domonates blends of Moulis-en-Medoc
Merlot
68
Which style of wine is produced in the AOCs of the Médoc?
Dry white
Sweet white
Rosé
Red
Semi-sweet white
Red
69
Which of the following is not a commune AOC in the Médoc?
Saint-Estèphe
Listrac
Moulis-en-Médoc
Saint-Julien
Fronsac
Fronsac
70
Which are the 3 sweet white AOCs of Graves/Sauternes
Cerons
Barsac
Sauternes
71
What is the soil of Graves
Gravel mounds or
Gravel/clay/marl/limestone/sand in Cerons
72
What are the primary white varieties of Graves/Sauternes
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
Sauvignon Gris
73
What are the primary red grapes of Graves/Sauternes
Only Graves has red
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
74
What are the 3 AOCs of Graves and what styles do they produce
Graves (red blends and dry whites)
Graves Superior (semi-sweet white)
Pessac-Leognan (reds based on Cab Sauv and whites on Sauvignon Blanc/Semillon)
75
What is the minimum sweetness of Graves Superieures semi-sweet whites
3.4%
76
What are the 3 AOCs of Sauternais and what styles do they produce
Sauternes (2/3 Semillon, 1/3 Sauvignon Blanc)
Barsac (can be labelled Sauternes)
Cerons (higher maximum yields)
All sweet whites
77
What are average yields in Sauternes AOC
25hl/ha
Some years no vintage
78
Which river separates Sauternes from Barsac and helps create the humid conditions that lead to botrytis developing?
The Cérons
The Ciron
The Garonne
The Dordogne
The Pourriture
Ciron
79
What styles of wine is made in Graves Supérieures AOC?
Select all that apply.
Dry White
Red
Rosé
Semi-Sweet White
Sweet White
Semi-sweet white
80
What type of soils are found in Entre-deux-mers
Complex- alluvial deposits near rivers
Some pure gravel
Plateaus/hillsides=clay and sand or limestone
81
What type of wine could you find in a bottle of Entre-deux-mers AOC
dry white wine from
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle
82
What are the secondary grapes for Entre-deux-mers
Colombard, Mauzac, Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, and Sauvignon Gris
83
What are the 5 principle AOCs of Entre-deux-mers and their DGCs
Entre-deux-mers (dry whites - 25% of production)
Entre-deux-mers Haut Benauge (also DGC in Bordeaux AOC, dry whites also does semi-sweet whites in Bdx)
Cadillac (sweet white wines)
Loupiac (sweet white wines)
Saint-Croix-du-mont (sweet white wines)
Graves de Vayres (dry white, red and semi-sweet whites)
84
What is the minimum sweetness for Cadillac AOC and is this sweeter than Loupiac or Sainte Croix-du-mont wines
5.1%
Yes (Loupiac and Sainte Croix=4.5%)
85
Which river is near Graves de Vayres
Isle
86
Many Entre-deux-Mers châteaux also produce red wines – which AOCs can appear on the label of these wines?
Graves
Entre-deux-Mers Rouge
Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur
Côtes de Bordeaux
Fronsac
Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur
87
How many AOCs in Libournais for red wine
10 (red wine only)
88
What are the 4 primary grapes for Libournais
Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cot
Seconday are Petit Verdot and Carmenere
89
Name the 6 principle AOCs of the Libournais
Saint Emilion
Saint Emilion Grand Cru (3x production of plain St Emilion)
Pomerol
Lalande Pomerol
Fronsac
Canon Fronsac
there are also Saint Emilion satellites
90
Which Bordeaux grape is excluded from Pomerol
Carmenere
91
What is the 2 rivers of the Libournais
Isle and Dordogne
92
All the Libournais AOCs produce red wine and semi-sweet wines.
True or false
False
All the of the Libournais AOCs make red wine only. White wines made here can only be labeled as Bordeaux AOC.
93
What is the dominant blend in the Libournais wines?
Merlot and Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot and Cabernet Franc
94
What are the Cotes de Bordeaux
a collection of vineyard areas – within the Bordeaux region – that form a single AOC.
95
What are the red grapes of Cotes de Bordeaux
Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cot
96
What are the DGCs of Cotes de Bordeaux that make red wine
CdB Blaye (R&W)
CdB Cadillac (R)
CdB Castillon (R)
CdB Francs (R,W and SW 5.1%)
CbB Sainte Foye (R, W and SSW 1.7% or SW 5.1%)
97
Which are the two 'B' appleations in Bordeaux that are not part of Cotes de Bordeaux
Blaye and Bourg
98
Blaye is a red ony AOC - True or False
True
99
Bourg/Cotes de Bourg/Bougeais is a red only AOC - True or False
False - dry white and dry reds
100
What is the dominant grape planting in Bourg
Merlot 65%
101
If a bottle of wine is labeled as Côtes de Bordeaux AOC – with no qualifying DGC mentioned – what style of wine will the bottle contain?
Red only
Red or dry white
Red, rosé and dry white
Red or sweet white only
Sweet or semi-sweet white only
Clairet only
Red only
102
What chateau was in the 1855 classification but not in Medoc or Sauternes
Chateau Haut Brion
(was Graves, now Pessac-Leognan)
103
How many estates in Cru Artisans
36
small chateau
104
How many ranking in Cru Bourgeois and how many chateau
3
249 chateau
105
When was Chateau Mounton Rothschild promoted
1973
106
Which classification of Bordeaux includes red and white wines
Graves classification
13 red and 9 white
ranks wines not estates
107
Estates that achieve Grand Cru Classé status in Saint-Emilion classification must first be part of the Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOC - True or False.
True
108
Which areas of Bordeaux have classifications?
Select all that apply.
Côtes de Bordeaux
Médoc
Graves and Pessac-Léognan
Sauternes and Barsac
Entre-deux-Mers
Saint-Émilion
Pomerol
Fronsac
Medoc
Graves and PL
Sauternes and Barsac
Saint-Emilion
109
Originally the 1855 Classification had just four Premiers Crus. However in 1973 a Deuxième Cru was promoted to make it five Premiers Crus. Which Châteaux was promoted?
Château Latour
Château Mouton-Rothschild
Château Haut-Brion
Château Margaux
Château Petrus
Château Lafite-Rothschild
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
110
The English term for red Bordeaux wine is Claret.
This word is derived from the French word “clairet” meaning clear or brilliant.
What does that tell you about the red Bordeaux
wines originally shipped to England during the Middle Ages?
Red and white grapes fermented together in middle ages
111
In Bordeaux we often refer to Left Bank and Right Bank wines.
Which body of water separates the left and right banks?
Gironde
Dordogne
Ciron
Lot
Gironde
112
Which AOCs are Cabernet Sauvignon Dominated blends
Mainones of the Medoc - maybe not Liriac or Moulis?
113
Match the AOC with its wine style
Bordeaux Superieure
Entre-duex-mers
Bordeaux Haut-Benauge
Blaye
Cadillac
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
Bordeaux Superieure= Dry reds and SS whites
Entre-duex-mers=Dry whites
Bordeaux Haut-Benauge= Dry and SS whotes
Blaye=Red
Cadillac=White sweet
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux=Red
114
Haut Benauge - what is the difference between the DGC in Bordeaux and Entre-deux-mers
Bordeaux=dry and semi-sweet whites
Entre-deux-mers=dry whites
115
What is the difference between the Garonne and Gironde
Gironde is the estuary
Garonne is the river that separates Graves from Entre-deux-Mers.
116
What style of wine is made in the Entre-deux-Mers AOC?
Dry reds only
Dry red and whites
Dry whites only
Semi-sweet only
Dry whites only
117
Which of the grapes varieties below is the second-most planted red grape in Bordeaux?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Cabernet Sauvignon
118
Côt is a red grape variety grown in Bordeaux and some other regions of France. By which name is it more commonly known?
Malbec
Carmenère
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
119
In Bordeaux a lighter style of red wine is known as – what?
Clairet
Claret
Clarete
Rougir
Clairet
120
Which French head of state was in power when the 1855 classification was created?
Napoléon I
Napoléon III
Georges Clemenceau
Napoléon II
Charles de Gaulle
Louis Philippe I
Napoloeon III
121
Which phrase is added to the names of these Bordeaux districts Castillon, Blaye, Cadillac, Francs and Sainte-Foy to make their AOC name?
...-Saint-Émilion
...-Côtes de Bordeaux
...-Haut-Benauge
...-Supérieures
Cotes de Bordeaux
122
Which Bordeaux sub-region was where the original vineyards in Bordeaux were planted?
Médoc
Graves
Sauternes
Entre-deux-Mers
Saint-Émilion
Bourg
Graves
123
Which of Bordeaux’s sub-regions is famous for producing richly sweet wines?
The Libournais
Côtes de Bordeaux
Graves
Médoc
The Sauternais
The Sauternais
124
Which river separates Loupiac from Barsac?
The Garonne
The Gers
The Dordogne
The Gironde
The Cérons
Garonne
125
he sweet wines of Bordeaux are made from grapes that are affected by a mold. What is that mold called?
Remontage
Pigeage
Botrytis
Moelleux
Muscadelle
Botrytis
126
What was the most significant contribution that the Dutch made to the development of Bordeaux?
They introduced sweet-wine making techniques.
They introduced aging in barrels.
They drained the Médoc.
They created Clairet.
Drained the Medoc
127
What is the dominant grape variety in the Libournais sub-region?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Sémillon
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Merlot
and Cabernet Franc
128
Which river separates Entre-deux-Mers from Saint-Émilion?
The Garonne
The Gers
The Dordogne
The Gironde
The Cérons
Dordogne
129
What is the name of the body of water that separates Margaux from Blaye and Bourg?
The Garonne
The Gers
The Dordogne
The Gironde
The Cérons
Gironde
129
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
Maritime
130
What was ranked in the 1953 Graves Classification?
wines of the Chateaux of Graves - could be red or whites
131
Entre-deux-Mers AOC may produce dry and sweet white wine.
True or False?
False - only dry white
132
What does “petit château” mean?
Unclassified chateau in Bordeaux
133
Which estate is the only Premier Cru Supérieur of the 1855 classification?
Chateau d'Yquem
134
What does Cru Artisan mean
Part of Cru Artisan ranking of Medoc
Smaller boutique chateaux responsible for own red wine production process
There are 36 in rankings
135
What is the difference between Saint-Émillion Grand Cru and Saint-Émillion Grand Cru Classé?
Grand Cru = from anywhere in the vineyards of St-Emilion Grand Cru AOC
Grand Cru classe=Chateau included in the St Emillion rankings as Grand Cru
136
Only dry red wines may be labeled as coming from
the Médoc AOC.
True or False?
True
137
What nationality were the engineers who drained the Médoc Peninsula in the 17th century?
Dutch
138
The 1855 Classification in Bordeaux was based on the size and prestige of the estates.
True or False
False - represented the then prices obtained for each Chateaux wines
139
Which Bordeaux soils are considered “warm”?
Those with gravel and sand
140
Which Bordeaux soils are considered “cold”?
Clay and limestone
141
Bordeaux is France’s largest AOC vineyard area. True or False?
True
142
The 1855 Classification is divided into how many tiers, or rankings?
5
143
What is the main soil type of Bordeaux’s
Left Bank?
Gravels
144
Who championed the “second label” concept as a way to improve the quality of the “grand vin”?
Emile Peynaud
145
Wine from Barsac may be labeled as Sauternes. True or False?
True
146
Which river separates Sauternes from Barsac?
Ciron
147
Which river separates Fronsac and Canon Fronsac from the rest of the Libournais?
Isle
148
What is a wine sold “en primeur”
Early - before release in bottle
149
What are the three primary white grapes
in Bordeaux?
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
150
Which Bordeaux sub-region sits between
the Dordogne and Garonne rivers?
Entre-deux-mers
151
What are the main soil types of Bordeaux’s Right Bank?
Clays and limestone
152
What is the most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux?
Merlot
153
What grape variety suffered the most damage after the Winter Freeze of 1956?
Carmenere
154
What is “Les Landes”?
Man made Pine Forest to west of Bordeaux
155
Which Bordeaux estate was promoted to First Growth status in 1973?
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
156
What are the three tiers of the
Cru Bourgeois Classification?
Crus Bourgeois
Crus Bourgeois Supérieurs
Crus Bourgeois Exceptionnels
157
Which Right Bank sub-region has a classification system?
St Emilion
158
Bordeaux’s first vineyards were planted in which sub-region?
Graves
159
Crémant de Bordeaux may be white or rosé.
True or False?
True
160
Before becoming its own AOC, Péssac-Leognan was once a part of which Bordeaux sub-region?
Graves
161
Côtes de Bordeaux AOC makes only dry red wine. True or False?
True
but Can make whites in DGC communes
162
What a is a “clairet”?
A semi-red wine made by the saignée method.
Historically Co-fermented rose wine - highly sought after in England
163
What are the four satellite AOCs of Saint-Émilion?
Lagers make George piss
Puisseguin
Saint Georges
Montagne
Lussac
164
Graves Supérieures AOC produces dry, semi-sweet and sweet white wines.
True or False?
False
Graves Supérieures AOC produces only semi-sweet white wine.
165
What are the 5 DGCs of Cotes de Bourdeaux
Blaye (Red and White)
Cadillac and Castillon (both solely red)
Francs (Red and Dry or sweet whites)
St Foy (red and dry, sweet or semi-sweet whites)
166
What are the 5 DGCs of Cotes de Bordeaux and which are red wine only
Blaye (dry white and red)
Cadillac (both red only)
Castillion
Francs (red, dry and sweet whites)
St Foy
