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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Gascony - South West France > Flashcards

Gascony - South West France Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Gascony?

A

West=Atlantic,
East=Massif Central
South=Pyrenees
North=Bordeaux.

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2
Q

What are the sub-regions of Gascony

A

1=The Bergerac and Dordogne River
2=The Garonne, Tarn and Lot
3=The Pyrenean foothills

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3
Q

What are the two French administrative regions in which South-West lies

A

Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitanie

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4
Q

What are the main cultural identities of the South-West

A

Basque influence
Literary works(The Three Musketeers and Cyrano de Bergerac.)
Food (duck, goose, foie gras, chestnuts, truffles, wine and Armagnac).
Catholic pilgrimage (Lourdes, Santiago de Compostela.)

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5
Q

Describe the leading roles of the co-operatives in the South-West wine industry

A

Vinovalie co-operative (amalgamation of four co-operatives)
trains people to work in the wine industry. partnered with 11 other co-operatives around France to collectively promote all of their top cuvées under the Marques & Coop umbrella.
Cave de Fronton is now the leading producer of rosé in South-West.

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6
Q

What is the general climate of the South West

A

Continental (but regional influences)

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7
Q

What influences the climate of the Bergereac and Dordogne sub-region

A

maritime influences with slightly warmer temperatures and more sun than Bordeaux.

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8
Q

What influences the climate of the Garonne, Tarn and Lot sub-region

A

maritime and Mediterranean influences. The exact location of each A.O.C determines which weather pattern dominates

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9
Q

What influences the climate of the Pyrenees sub-region

A

maritime influences but are impacted by the Pyrenees and benefit from the rain shadow provided by that mountain range as well as its foehn winds and cool air masses.

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10
Q

Which are the major river systems of South-West

A

Much river traffic through the area

Clockwise from 12….
Dordogne,
Lot
Tarn
Garonne
Gers
Adour
(Garonne again)

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11
Q

Match the river to the AOC

Cahors Dordogne
Gaillac Lot
Armagnac Garonne
Bergerac Tarn
Cotes de Marmandais Ardour
Madiran Gers

A

Cahors=Lot
Gaillac=Tarn
Armagnac=Gers
Bergerac=Dordogne
Cotes de Marmandais=Garonne
Madiran=Ardour

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12
Q

Which are the major soil types of South-West France

A
  • Limestone
  • Marls composed of clay, sand and limestone
  • Ancient alluvial river terraces deposited during various periods of glacial melt; largely comprised of pebbles, gravels, quartz and sand
  • Wind-blown loess
  • Flysch (thin beds of shale or marl interspersed with sandstone)
  • Shale, granite and mica sch
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13
Q

What soils would you find in the Bergereac and Dordogne sub-region

A

Near Massif Central
Clay and Limestone

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14
Q

What soils do you find in the Garonne, Tarn, Lot sub-region

A

Gravelly alluvium
Gravelly clays, limestone clays and sandy clays (boulbenes)

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15
Q

What soils do you find in the Pyrenees sub-region

A

Limestone rich clays
Sandy clays with galets (or poudingues)
Sand, Limestone, clay

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16
Q

Why did the South-West became a crucible of grapevine crosses?

A

Native and imported varieties were planted side by side in pre-phylloxera vineyards and ended up influencing both local and global viticulture through the spontaneous crosses they produced.

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17
Q

What are the important crosses of South West France

A
  1. Merlot= Cabernet Franc (Basque) x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes (local)
  2. Cot (Malbec)= Prunelard (local) x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes (local)
  3. Carmenere = Cabernet Franc (basque) x Gros Cabernet….. plus

4 Tannat = local variety

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18
Q

What has influenced the evolution of South-West viticulture over the past 70 years,

A
  1. Co-operative influence
  2. Oenotourism and organic farming
  3. Local grape varieties (good with climate change)
  4. Changing food tastes (less foie gras, sweet wines)
  5. Popular alternative crops (corn=maize, wheat)
  6. Micro-oxygenation
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19
Q

What were the historic barriers to international trade

A

Overshadowed by Bordeaux trade (Bordeaux takes priority up to 18C)

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20
Q

Who was Patrick Ducournau?

A

Invented a technique for softening wine - micro-oxygenation - in 1991 in Madiran (with Tannat)

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21
Q

What is micro-oxygenation?

A

micro-oxygenation=microbullage=‘microx’= ‘mox’,
vinification technique by winemaker Patrick Ducournau in madiran 1991 to control the aeration of wines in tank..

The micro-oxygenation apparatus consists of a system of two chambers and valves connected to a cylinder of oxygen. The gas is moved into a first chamber that is calibrated to the volume of wine. It then moves into a second chamber and is delivered into the wine, a timer controlling the periodic injection of a predetermined dose. The gas passes through a small polyamide tube into the tank and diffuses through a porous ceramic stone hung near the bottom of the vessel.

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22
Q

What are the benefits of micro-oxygenation?

A

Makes tannins more gentle (mirrors the effects of oxygen on wines treated to barrel maturation)
=> softer taste and more stable colours
Less green/stalky flavours
Builds healthy yeasts (avoids stuck fermentation)

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23
Q

What are the top ten planted grapes in the South West

A

Merlot
Colombard
Sauvignon Blanc
Cot
Gros Manseng
Semillon
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Ugni Blanc
Tannat

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24
Q

Describe Merlot

A

Cross of Cabernet Franc (Basque) x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes (local)

Moderate tannins, pigment
High alcohol
Low acidity

Blueberry, cherry, plum

Bordeaux and South West
AOCs of Bergerac and Dordogne sub-region

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25
Q

Describe Cot (or Malbec)

A

Cross of Prunelard (local) x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes (local)
Local to Cahors => CAHORS AOC min 70%
Also known as Auxerrois

High tannins and pigment (black)
Low acidity

Blackberry, plum, prune

Bordeaux and South West
AOCs of Bergereac and Dordogne
AOCs of Garonne, Tarn and Lot

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26
Q

Describe Fer Servadou

A

Similar in taste and structure to Cabernet Franc

Originates in Basque country

High in Tannin, Pigment, Acidity

Gaillac AOC (Tarn)

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27
Q

Describe Negrette

A

Supple, fragrant

High pigments
Low acidity, tannin

Blackcurrant and Liquorice

FRONTON AOC (Tarn) >40% Negrette

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28
Q

Describe Lem de l’El

A

= Loin de l’Oeil (far from sight)

Dry and sweet wines
Gaillac AOC

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29
Q

Describe Mauzac

A

High acid
Aromatic

NAative to south west
Gaillac AOC

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30
Q

Describe Manseng - Gros and Petit

A

Gros has larger berries, thinner skin
Petit is more aromatic

Passerillage for sweet wines (dried on vine)
High acid and High sugar

Ripe peaches, honey, sugar

Jurancon, Pacherenc du Vic-Bihl, Irouleguy

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31
Q

Describe Tannat

A

Tough, deep black-berried vine variety

Madiran (and Uruguay)

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32
Q

What are the main points to know about Bergerac AOC

A

Large AOC
mainly red, but also dry and sweet white, and rosé wines in the image of bordeaux
Tourism, Truffles and Foie gras

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33
Q

What are the main points to know about Cotes de Bergerac AOC

A

Similar to Bergerac but longer-lasting, more usually barrel-aged

Lower yields and higher abv than Bergerac

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34
Q

What are the main points to know about Monbazillac AOC

A

Largest dessert wine area in France
Dordogne/Bergerac area

Sweet white and SGN

Savignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle
>80% of these in blend

> 12% abv

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35
Q

What are the main points to know about Saussignac AOC

A

Like Monbazillac…but smaller

Dordogne/Bergerac area

Sweet white and SGN

Savignon Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle

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36
Q

What are the main points to know about Fronton AOC

A

Tarn

Reds and Rose from Negrette
Boulbenes soil

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37
Q

What are the main points to know about Gaillac AOC

A

Tarn

Variety of styles
Early sparking - ancestrale, traditional and Perle
Sweet whites-Doux and VT
Red- Bdx type or primeur from Gamay
L’en de L’el, MAUZAC and Muscadelle for whites
Duras, Syrah and Fer Servadou for reds

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38
Q

What are the main points to know about Cahors AOC

A

Lot

Arid limestone plateau= Causses

Only red wine from Cot (=Auxerroise)
>70% Cot

Inky black wines

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39
Q

What are the main points to know about Madiran AOC

A

Pyrenees - Ardour river

Rain shadow effect
Only red wines
>50% Tannat

Pinenc (Fer Servedou) and Bouchy (Cabernet Franc)

Micro-oxygenation

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40
Q

What are the main points to know about Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC

A

Pyrennes - Ardour river
Same area as Madiran

Gros and Petit MARSANG plus Corbu (inc Petit)

Dry and Sweet whites
More abv than Jurancon

Passerillage (dried on the vine)

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41
Q

What are the main points to know about Juracon AOC

A

Pyrenees

One of earliest AOCs

Soils have galets and Pudingues
Spring frosts

Dry (sec) and sweet whites

Gros and Petit MARSANG

Passerillage (dried on the vine)

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42
Q

What are the main points to know about Irouleguy AOC

A

Pyrenenees/Basque

Acidity
Sandstone/limestone/clay
Southernmost AOC of SW France
The local Tannat grape and/or Cabernet Franc must constitute between 50 and 90% of the light, crisp reds with the rest made up of Cabernet Sauvignon. A little distinctively fragrant white wine is also made from the indigenous varieties courbu, petit courbu, gros manseng, and petit manseng

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43
Q

What are the main points to know about Cotes de Gascogne IGP

A

One of most important IGPs in France
2nd in production to Pays d’Oc

75% dry white
Same zone as Armagnac

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44
Q

What type of topography is used for South-West’s vineyards

A

Rolling hills and river terraces of Aquitaine basin

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45
Q

What is to the North, South< East and West of Gascony

A

North=Bordeaux
East=Massif Central
South=Pyrennes
West=Atlantic Ocean

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46
Q

Which subregions have a continental climate with solely martime influence

A

Bergerac and Dordogne river

Martime/Med=Garonne, Tarn, Lot

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47
Q

Which are the important rivers of the South West

A

Garonne
Dordogne
Lot
Tarn
Gers
Adour

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48
Q

Which are the top 4 grapes grown on South West

A

Merlot
Colombard
Sauvignon Blanc
Cot

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49
Q

What is the overall climate of South-West France?


Maritime

Semi-Maritime

Mediterranean

Continental

A

Continental

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50
Q

The majority of the South-West’s vineyards lie in the Aquitaine Basin. Some of the eastern vineyard areas are outside this. On which geographical feature do you find these vineyards?


Armorican Massif

Pyrenees

Rhîne Graben

Massif Central

A

Massif Central

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51
Q

Where was viticulture establised first

A

South West Bordeaux

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52
Q

Gascony inlcudes Perigord and Bergerac- True or False

A

True

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53
Q

What was the Bordeaux wine merchants ruling that impacted South West wines from 13c to 18c

A

no wines from South-West could be sold until all of the wines of Bordeaux had been sent to their markets.

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54
Q

What is the famous place of pilgramage in South West

A

Lourdes

Also part of the route to Saintiago de Compostela

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55
Q

Who was d’Artagnan

A

hero of Alexandre Dumas’s great novel The Three Musketeers - based on real man

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56
Q

Who was Cyrano de Bergerac

A

Hero of play and film

Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac was born in 1619 – making him a contemporary of D’Artagnan – and grew up in his family’s estates in Bergerac before following a varied career path as a novelist, playwright, duelist and – just as in the story – man of letters.

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57
Q

What is armagnac

A

famous brandy of Gascony

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58
Q

Why did wine production stagnate in South-West in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? Select all that apply.

Two World Wars

South West producers were blocked from using the port of Bordeaux for exporting their wines

Downy Mildew

Phylloxera

Devastating weather

A

Two world wars
Downy mildew
Phylloxera

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59
Q

Historically which port was the main export hub for wines from the South-West?

Bayonne

Bordeaux

Biarritz

Nantes

A

Bordeaux

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60
Q

Which are the three sub-regions of South-West

A

Dordogne/Bergerac
Garonne, Tarn. Lot
Pyrenees

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61
Q

What are the top 4 AOCs in South West

A

Bergerac
Cahors
Gaillac
Montbazillac

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62
Q

Which of the three South-West sub-regions is the most spread out?

Bergerac/Dordogne

Garonne, Tarn and Lot

Pyrenees

A

Garonne, Tarn and Lot

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63
Q

Which of these staements about Cabernet Franc are true

1 Originated in South West/Basque country
2 Parent is Hondarrabi Zuri
3 High tanin and alcohol
4 Parent (with Magdelaine Noire des Charantes) of Merlot
5 Also known as Berchy

A

1 Originated in South West/Basque country =Yes
2 Parent is Hondarrabi Zuri=No Hondarabbi Beltza
3 High tanin and alcohol=No, moderate tannin, aroma, acid
4 Parent (with Magdelaine Noire des Charantes) of Merlot=Yes
5 Also known as Berchy=No, Bouchy

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64
Q

What are the parents of Cot

A

Prunelard (pr Prunelart)
Magdelaine Noire des Charantes

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65
Q

What are the parents of Carmenere

A

Cabernet Franc
Gros Cabernet (Hondarribi x Fer Servadou)

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66
Q

Where have some red grapes found their homes in South America

A

Tannat = from Madiran to Uruguay
Carmenere= from SW France to Chile
Malbec = from Cahors to Argentina

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67
Q

Which famous winemaking technique origonated in South West France

A

Micro-oxygenation (MOX, microbulleage)

Used in Madiran
Softens tannins, eliminates reduction

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68
Q

What does micro-oxygenation do to a wine?

Introduces bubbles oxygen into the wine – so making it sparkling

Introduce more complexity to the wine

Softens the tannins

Makes wines in a Nouveau/Primeur style

A

Softens tannins

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69
Q

Both Merlot and Côt came about from crossings of two other grape varieties. They both have a parent in common – which grape variety is that?

Fer Servadou

Hondarribi Beltza

Gros Cabernet

Magdeleine Noire des Charentes

Madeleine Angevine

Cabernet Franc

A

Magdeleine Noire des Charentes

70
Q

How does Bergerac AOC differ from Cotes de Bergerac AOC

A

Bergerac does dry white, rose and red but Cotes is red and semi-sweet to sweet wines (never dry)
Cotes is higher abv

but ….

Same production area and reds must be blends

70
Q

Which sub-region would you identify for its use of Barriques with Merlot dominated blends for reds and Sauvignon Blanc for dry whites. Semillon for sweet whites

A

Dordogne/Bergerac

71
Q

What are the 2 famous sweet wine AOCs in Dordogne/Bergerac

A

Monbazillac and Saussignac

72
Q

What types of wine are made in Bergerac AOC

Dry white
Sparkling
Semi-sweet whites
Rose
Dry red

A

Dry white, rose and red

Always blends

73
Q

What types of wine are made in Cotes de Bergerac

A

Red and semi-sweet to sweet whites

74
Q

Which would have a higher alcohol for red wines - Bergereac AOC or Cotes de Bergereac AOC

A

Cotes de Bergerac AOC

75
Q

What is the largest dessert wine appellation by size and volume in France.

A

Monbazillac

76
Q

What are the requirements to note for Monbazillac - sweet and SGN

A

Min sweetness 4.5% (generally sweeter than Sauternes)
Hand harvested
May be late and/or botrytised
SGN will be botrytised
>80% of primary varitiees
Min abv 12%

77
Q

How does minimum sweetnes differ between Monbazillac and Saussignac

A

Monbazillac=4.5
Saussignac=6.8%

78
Q

What are the main soils of Bergerac?


Chalk

Sandstone

Clay and Limestone

Granite

A

Clay and Limestone

79
Q

Which river flows through Bergerac AOC?


Garonne

Gironde

Tarn

Dordogne

Lot

A

Dordogne

80
Q

Which wine growing area lies to south east of Garonne, Tarn and Lot

A

Languedoc

81
Q

What are the white grapes of Garonne, Tarn and Lot that are found in Gaillac

One is popular for dry and sweet white wines and the other for sparkling

A

Len de l’El
Mauzac Blanc

82
Q

Which rose grape is found in Gaillac and used for dry-> sweet wines and sparkling

A

Mauzac Rose

83
Q

The Garonne, Tarn, Lot region uses 1 of the primary Bordeaux red grapes and there are also one each specialist grapes for Gaillac and Fronton

A

Cot (Malbec)
Fer Servadou (Bracoul)
Negrette

84
Q

Which are the 3 need to know AOCs in the Garonne, Tarn and Lot region

A

Fronton
Gaillac
Cahors

85
Q

What style of wines does Fronton make

A

Red and rose only

86
Q

What is the minimum % of negrette in Fronton wines and does this differ for reds or roses?

A

40% for both

87
Q

What are boulbenes

A

Sandy clay soils

88
Q

Which of these are not a style of Gaillac

dry white,
rosé,
red,
semi-sweet whites
sweet white,
Vendanges Tardives,
SGN
sparkling white and
sparkling rosé.

A

Semi-sweet whites and SGN

89
Q

What is a Cahors white wine primarily made from

A

None- only red wines

90
Q

What are Causses

A

Limestone plateaus in Cahors

91
Q

What are the black wines and where are they from

A

Cahors AOC
Must use at least 70% Cot

92
Q

What is the local name for Cot in Cahors

A

Auxerrois

93
Q

The elearning shows 9 styles of Gaillac wine - what are they

A

Blanc Sec (usually blends)
Rose (blend of 2 or more of Duras, Syrah and Fer Servadou)
Rouge (blend of 2 or more of Duras, Syrah and Fer Servadou)
Blanc Sec Perle (prickly, CO2 before or after malolactic)
Traditional Method (Len de l’el, on lees >9/12, less than 5%)
Ancestral Method (Mauzacs)
Doux (>4.5% - Mauzac and Muscadelle)
Vendages Tardives (Len de l’el and Ondenc)
Primeur (Gamay, 3rd Thur Nov release)

94
Q

Fronton AOC is primarily known for which grape variety?


A

Negrette

95
Q

Which rivers flow either side of Fronton AOC?

Lot and Tarn

Lot and Garonne

Tarn and Garonne

Garonne and Gers

A

Tarn and Garonne

96
Q

Which mountain give Fhoen wind effects

A

Pyrennes

97
Q

Which are the main rivers of the Pyrennes region

A

Nive
Gave d’Orloron
Gave de Pau
Adour
Gers

98
Q

Which grape variety comes in Gros and Petit

A

Manseng

99
Q

Which is the famous red grape variety found in Madiran

A

Tannat

100
Q

Which are the need to know AOCs that are in the Pyrennes

A

Madiran (red)
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh
Jurancon
Irouleguy

101
Q

Madiran AOC must use at least 50% Tannat but which 3 other red grapes are in the blend

A

Cabernet franc
Cabernet Sauvignon - Known locally as Bouchy)
Fer Servadou- known locally as Pinenc

102
Q

Which Pyrennes AOC makes dry whites and sweet whites throughout the same geographical area as Madiran from the Mansengs and Corbus

A

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh

103
Q

What is the minumum RS for sweet wines of Pachernec du Vic-Bilh

A

4.5%

104
Q

What would you see a dry white wine from Juracon labelled as

A

Jurancon Sec

105
Q

What are galets and poudingues

A

Pebbles in sandy clays

106
Q

Which is the most difficult to pronounce AOC in the Pyrennes

A

Irouleguy

107
Q

Irouleguy makes just red and dry white, whites must be a blend of at least two varieties. Reds must contain a majority of Tannat and/or Cabernet Franc.
True or False

A

False - also makes rose

108
Q

What is Irouleguy’s fascinating fact

A

Irouléguy is the only AOC within the French Basque country.

109
Q

What are the 3 types of Jurancon found on a label

A

Jurancon Sec
Jurancon
Jurancon Vendages Tardive

110
Q

Jurancon Vendages Tardives have what characteristics for their production
Grapes
How sweetened
Min sweetness
Minimum tries
Time of harvest
Date of sale release

A

Grapes- only the Mansengs
Not botrytis - passerillage
Min sweetness 5.5%
Min 2 tries
Harvest only after Nov 2nd
Sale after 15 June of 2nd year after harvest

111
Q

Jurancon wines have grapes affected by botrytis - True or False

A

False - passillerage only
Min sweetness 4%

112
Q

Which Pyrenees AOC straddles the Nive River?

Jurançon

Madiran

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh

Irouléguy

A

Furtherest South west=Irouleguy

113
Q

Which two Pyrenees AOCs cover (almost) the same territory?

Irouléguy and Béarn

Côtes de Gascogne and Armagnac

Jurançon and Irouléguy

Béarn and Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh and Madiran

A

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh and Madiran

114
Q

Why is South-West France a relatively minor player on the global wine market?

A

Shadow of Bordeaux

Bordeaux wine merchants controlled access to sea trade

Spread out wineries

115
Q

Which AOC is most associated with the Len de l’El grape variety?

Bergerac

Irouléguy

Fronton

Gaillac

A

Gaillac

116
Q

Which IGP covers same zone of production as Armagnac

A

Cotes de Gascogne

117
Q

Which South-West AOC is located within the French Basque country?

Fronton

Irouléguy

Gaillac

Côtes de Gascogne

A

Irouleguy

118
Q

The Tarn river runs through which of these AOCs?

Fronton

Jurançon

Bergerac

Gaillac

Irouléguy

Cahors

A

Gaillac

119
Q

What borders the South-West to the east?

Atlantic Ocean

Pyrenees

Region of Bordeaux

The Massif Central

A

Massif Central

120
Q

The Côtes de Gascogne IGP is France’s second largest IGP in production volume.

True or False

A

True
Côtes de Gascogne IGP produces approximately 100 million bottles (750,000 hl) – making it the second largest IGP in terms of production. Pays d’Oc IGP is the largest.

121
Q

Which AOC surrounds the majority of Monbazillac AOC?



Bergerac

Cahors

Saussignac

Côtes de Duras

A

Bergerac

122
Q

Where is Blanc Sec Perlé made?

Bergerac

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh

Gaillac

Fronton

Jurançon

A

Gaillac

123
Q

Which of these is the primary grape variety for red wines in Madiran AOC?

Tannat

Côt

Négrette

Fer Servadou

A

Tannat

124
Q

Which river flows through Cahors?

Dordogne

Garonne

Lot

Tarn

A

Lot

125
Q

Which of these South-West AOCs only make white wine?

Select all that apply:

Monbazillac AOC

Bergerac AOC

Saussignac AOC

Fronton AOC

Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC

Irouléguy AOC

Jurançon AOC

A

Monbazillac
Saussignac
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh
Jurancon

126
Q

Which are sweet wine AOCs only
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh
Monbazillac
Jurancon
Saussignac

A

Monbazillac and Saussignac

127
Q

Which grape varieties are associated with sparkling wines in Gaillac AOC?


Select all that apply:

Len de l’El

Ondenc

Gros Manseng

Petit Manseng

Mauzac

Sémillon

A

Len de l’el and Mauzac

128
Q

Which South-West appellation produces wines in the widest range of styles?


Bergerac

Irouléguy

Gaillac

Côtes de Gascogne

A

Gaillac

129
Q

In Jurançon, the sandy-clay soils are dotted with galets. What are they known as locally?


Pierre

Roulette

Poudingues

Rocher

A

Poundings

130
Q

Sweet wines in Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh AOC are made using grapes affected with botrytis?


True

False

A

False

The grapes undergo passerillage – raisining on the vine – this concentrates the sugars.

131
Q

Cahors wines must contain at least what percent of the primary grape Côt?

50%

60%

70%

85%

A

70%

132
Q

Cahors wines are primarily – often only – made from Côt. Which other grapes can also be in the blend?


Select all that apply:

Cabernet Sauvignon

Negrette

Tannat

Merlot

Fer Servadou

Carmenère

A

Tannat and Merlot

133
Q

Braucol and Pinenc are synonyms for which South-West grape variety?

Côt

Carmenère

Tannat

Fer Servadou

Négrette

A

Fer Servadou

134
Q

Madiran wines must contain at least 50% Tannat.

True or False

A

True

The blend can also include Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Fer Servadou.

135
Q

Which two native South-West grape varieties have found success in New World vineyards?

A

Cot and Tannat

136
Q

What is the origin of the term Gascony?

A

From the Vascones (Basques)

137
Q

What borders South west France

A

N=Bordeaux
East=Massif Central
South=Pyrennes
West=Atlantic

138
Q

What is the most important IGP in South-West France

A

Côtes de Gascogne IGP, second in production to Pays d’Oc IGP of Languedoc and Roussillon

139
Q

What was the most planted grape in South-West France before phylloxera?

A

Cot

140
Q

Which sub-region of the South-West has Mediterranean climatic influences?

A

The Garonne, Tarn and Lot sub-region

141
Q

What is “boulbène”?

A

Sandy clay soils found in the South-West AOCs of Fronton and Buzet.

142
Q

What do Monbazillac, Saussignac and Rosette have in common?

A

They are AOCs in the Dordogne that make sweet or semi-sweet wines based on Sauvignon Blanc,

Sémillon and Muscadelle.

143
Q

The sale of wines from South-West France was historically curtailed by which rival wine region?

A

Bordeaux

144
Q

Which appellation makes red and rosé wines from Négrette?

A

Fronton

145
Q

Which appellation of South-West France may use the term SGN?

A

Monbazillac, if the wine contains R.S over 8.5% (85 g/l)

146
Q

What is the “méthode gaillacoise”?

A

A term used in Gaillac to indicate a sparking wine made using the ancestral method.

147
Q

Bergerac AOC may produce sweet wines. True or False?

A

FALSE.

Only dry white, red and rosè are authorized in this AOC.

148
Q

Which South-West sub-region is affected by foehn winds?

A

Pyrennes

149
Q

What is “passerillage”?

A

The act of twisting the stalks of grape bunches in order to stop the flow of sap; this dessicates the grapes on the vine.

150
Q

Monbazillac is the largest dessert wine appellation by size and volume in France.

True or False?

A

True

151
Q

What are the two styles of sweet wines made in Gaillac?

A

Vendanges Tardives

and Doux

152
Q

Madiran lies on the left bank of the Tarn river. True or False?

A

FALSE.
Madiran lies on the left bank of the Ardour River.

153
Q

South-West France claims to have how many indiginous grape varieties?

A

120

154
Q

What are the three styles of sparkling wines made in Gaillac AOC?

A

Gaillac Méthode Ancestrale, traditional method and Blanc Sec Perlé

155
Q

Len de L’El is a white grape. True or False?

A

True

156
Q

Cabernet Franc may be used as a blending grape in Cahors AOC. True or False?

A

FALSE.

Only Merlot and Tannat can be blended with Côt in Cahors.

157
Q

What is the local Jurançon name for galets (stones)?

A

Poudingues

158
Q

What are the two primary red grapes of Irouléguy?

A

Tannat and Cabernet Franc

159
Q

What are the two most important grapes of Jurançon?

A

Petit and Gros Manseng

160
Q

Irouléguy is the southernmost AOC in South-West France? True or False?

A

True

161
Q

Gaillac Primeur wines are made using what vinification technique

A

Semi-carbonic maceration

162
Q

What does “moelleux” refer to?

A

Semi-sweet wines made from late-harvest grapes with or without botrytis.

163
Q

What does “liquoreux” refer to?

A

Sweet wines made from botrytized grapes.

164
Q

What is “micro-oxygenation”?

A

A technique developed by Patrick Ducourau in Madiran to tame tannins. Minute amounts of oxygen are bubbled through must or wine.

165
Q

Who invesnted micro-oxygenation

A

Patrick Ducoureau

166
Q
A
167
Q
A
168
Q
A
168
Q
A
169
Q
A

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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