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Infectious Agents 2 > Rhabdoviridae > Flashcards

Rhabdoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus subfamilies are included in the family Rhabdoviridae?

A
  • lyssaviruses
  • vesiculoviruses
  • unclassified viruses
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2
Q

Name the 5 viruses in the Lyssavirus family

A
  • Rabies: zoonotic, CNS
  • Mokola: Nigerian shrews, CNS
  • Lagos: Nigerian bats, CNS
  • EBLV 1 & 2: European bats, humans, CNS
  • Duvenhage: bats, CNS
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3
Q

Name the 3 viruses in the Vesiculovirus family

A
  • Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: vesicular stomatitis, Indiana and NJ serotypes
  • Piry: vesicular disease
  • Chandipura: vesicular disease
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4
Q

Name the 6 viruses that fall into the Unclassified family

A
  • *Bovine Ephemeral Fever: African, Asian, Australian ruminants, fever
  • Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus: European salmonids
  • *Spring Viremia: abd dropsy of Carp
  • *Infectious Hematopoetic Necrosis Virus: Salmonids
  • Red Disease of Pike: hemorrhagic
  • Numerous Plant and Insect Viruses: yellow necrosis of lettuce, Sigma Virus of Drosophilia
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5
Q

Which virus gets into pet coy fish?

A

Spring Viremia

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6
Q

Which virus is indigenous to the US?

A

Infectious Hematopoetic Necrosis Virus

- located in northwest

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7
Q

Rabies viral genome

A

Linear, single stranded RNA, negative sense

- enveloped particle, RR trnascriptase is carried by the virus

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8
Q

How many proteins does the rabies virus code for?

A

5!

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9
Q

Where does the rabies virus replicate?

A

Cytoplasm of host neural cell

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10
Q

Is the rabies virus cytocidal or persistent?

A

Persistent

- disrupts neuronal function, produces very little neural destruction

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11
Q

What species does vesiculaoviruses infect?

A

Horses, cows, deer, pigs, and humans

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12
Q

What are the rule outs for a pig possibly infected with vesicular stomatitis virus?

A

Swine Vesicular Disease (picornavirus) and Vesicular Exanthema (calicivirus)
- VE only occurs in swine, SVD does not occur in horses and cattle

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13
Q

Even though all warm blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus, which animals appear to be somewhat resistant?

A

Opossums, guinea pigs, rats, and birds

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14
Q

Sylvatic rabies

A

“Of the woods”

  • Foxes: North East and West Texas
  • Skunks: Midwest
  • Raccoons: GA and FLA, Northeast
  • Bats: Pancontinental (carnivora and microchiropteran bats)
  • Coyotes: Southwest Texas
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15
Q

Street rabies

A

Dogs and Cats

- domestic animals

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16
Q

Fixed Virus

A

Cell, egg, and lab animal cultures (attenuated)

- not pathogenic, exist strictly in the lab

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17
Q

Vets are most susceptible to rabies from ______, while most humans get infected with ______ rabies

A

Cattle; bat

18
Q

______, ________, and ______ have serious epidemics of rabies

A

India, Ethiopia, Philipines

19
Q

Where does attachment, penetration, and uncoating of the rabies virus occur?

A

Locally, in the myocytes

- limited replication occurs in myocytes (why we give vaccine IM)

20
Q

Transmission to a nerve cell occurs at the __________

A

Neuromuscular junction and sensory endings of the PNS

- viral establishment in the PNS occurs

21
Q

Transport in the axon

A

Occurs via centripetal migration up the PNS to the dorsal root ganglion against axoplasmic transport

22
Q

What happens once the virus enters the spinal cord?

A

Ascent to the brain via cell to cell transmission is fast

  • localizes in soma of neurons
  • hippocampus, brain stem, and purkinje cells of cerebellum are most heavily affected
23
Q

What happens after the CNS is affected?

A

Centrifugal descent down the PNS to retina, cornea, salivary glands, nasal mucosa, hair and taste buds occurs
- virus is released only at nerve endings! (reason for nuccal biopsy in humans using RT-PCR)

24
Q

Transmission occurs via ____, _____, and _______

A

Bites, aerosols, and transplants

- death results from neural, respiratory, and cardiac arrest

25
Q

What are the 3 routes to the CNS?

A

Hematogenous, neural pathways, olfactory

26
Q

Hematogenous

A

Via viremia that can infect endothelium and leukocytes

  • passive transport thru permeable areas can occur
  • choroid plexus: passage thru and replication in the ependymal cells
27
Q

Which virus travels to the CNS via hematogenous route?

A

Canine distemper virus

28
Q

Olfactory

A

Cranial nerve penetrates the cribiform plate, rare for rabies but common for Herpes simplex 1 virus

29
Q

Neural pathways

A

Axons, Schwann cells, perineural lymphatics, and endoneural spaces
- seen with rabies and canine distemper virus

30
Q

Collection for rabies diagnostics

A
  • decapitate at atlanto-occipital joint
  • expose calvarium
  • remove brain, brain stem, and cerebellum by detaching ventral cranial nerves
  • bisect brain at longitudinal fissure
  • fix one half of brain in 10% buffered formalin for histopath (Negri bodies) and the other half is placed on ice for DFA test, virus isolation, and animal inoculation
31
Q

Why can’t a rabies collection be frozen?

A

Has to be fresh, ice crystals will disrupt cells

32
Q

What are Negri bodies?

A

IC inclusions in neuronal soma present in ganglia of hippocampus, purkinje cells of cerebellum and medullary ganglia
- are NOT definitive! if absent, animal is still a suspect

33
Q

What will histopathology show?

A

Perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes around cerebral vessels and Negri bodies

34
Q

What is the primary method of rabies diagnostics?

A

DFA (direct fluorescent antibodies) test

35
Q

Cell culture

A

Baby hamster kidney cells, chick embryo fibroblasts, murine neuroblastoma cells, human diploid cells (fibroblasts)

36
Q

Animal culture

A

Rabbit pups and pinkie mice by intra-cranial inoculation

  • chick and duck embryos by chorioallantoic inoculation
  • only example of viral diagnostics in animals!
37
Q

What is the most antigenic substance in the world?

A

Glycoprotein

38
Q

Which 2 processes are occurring simultaneously for rabies pathogenesis?

A

Transcription/ translation and replication

39
Q

Transcription and translation

A

Start with linear negative sense (3’ to 5’) transcriptase strand –> create monosistronic transcripts and that undergo capping and poly adenylation –> mRNA 5’ to 3’ = proteins (translation) = nucleocapsid, nonstructural, large transcriptase (RR enzyme) , glycoprotein, matrix or membrane protein

40
Q

Replication

A

Start with negative sense, linear (3’ to 5’) transcriptase –> replicate more negative sense strands with a replicative intermediate (polysistronic!!) –> full length RNA is not capped or polyadenylated

  • replication intermediate builds up, creating Negri bodies (polysistronic, positive sense strands)
  • goal: to make more full length neg-sense to go back into the virus
41
Q

Once transcription and replication occurs, _____ occurs at the plasma membrane

A

Assembly

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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