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Infectious Agents 2 > Introduction to Virology > Flashcards

Introduction to Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What happened on May 14, 1796?

A

Edward Jenner used cowpox from milkmaid Sarrah Nemes to vaccinate 8 yr old James against smallpox

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2
Q

1970

A

David Baltimore and Howard Temin discover reverse transcriptase and retroviruses

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3
Q

1980

A

Smallpox eradicated

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4
Q

1983

A

HIV defined as the cause of AIDS

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5
Q

Arbovirus

A

Older term for AR-thropod BO-rne virus

  • includes bunyaviridae, togaviridae, and orbiviruses and rhabdoviruses
  • many viruses transmitted by insects are not considered arboviruses
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6
Q

Bacteriophage

A

Virus parasitizing bacteria

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7
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat of a virus

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8
Q

Capsomere

A

Individual structural proteins that collectively make up the capsid

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9
Q

Defective interfering particle

A

Virus particle having a capsid, but an incomplete nucleic acid content, or an empty particle, which interferes with replication of complete particles

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10
Q

Envelope

A

Phospholipid covering derived from host cell membranes, either nuclear or cytoplasmic (plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum) present on some viruses

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11
Q

Icosahedron

A

Polyhedral shape composed of 12 vertices (corners) and 20 triangular faces
- icosahedron nucleocapsids are said to be of cubic symmetry

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12
Q

Nucleocapsid

A

Structural term denoting the combined nucleic acid and capsid
- may be helical or cubic in symmetry

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13
Q

Orphan virus

A

Virus isolated in the absence of disease

- virus not associated with a disease (can be species specific)

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14
Q

Peplomere

A

Glycoprotein subunit projecting from the envelope referred to as “spikes” that function in attachment to host cells

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15
Q

Prions

A

Unconventional agents of disease resulting in spongiform encephalopathies by proteins that cause protein folding anomalies

  • ex: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, kuru
  • highly regulated
  • intermediate hosts allow for zoonotic transmission
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16
Q

Translation

A

Process by which base sequences in mRNA produce specific amino acid sequences in a protein

17
Q

Transcription

A

Process of forming mRNA from nucleic acid, not necessarily DNA

18
Q

Virion

A

Individual viral particle

19
Q

Viriods

A

Class of infectious agents, occurring in plants that are smaller than viruses and consist of short strands of RNA without a capsid

20
Q

Virus

A

Complex molecular particle, capable of infecting cells and causing disease by redirecting host cellular synthetic machinery towards the synthesis of new infectious particles
- composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, but not both), proteins, and sometimes lipids and carbs in the form of glycoproteins

21
Q

What is the main driving force of evolution?

A

Viruses

22
Q

All viruses are _______

A

Endogenous

23
Q

Are functional viral proteins part of the viral structure?

A

No, just induce change in the host

24
Q

What is the rate limiting step in protein transcription?

A

RNA

- half life is in microseconds

25
Q

All viruses that carry RNA are _______

A

Negative sense

- if they are positive sense, then they are coded for by that virus

26
Q

DNA viruses - replication enzymes

A

Are all DNA dependent, DNA polymerase

- herpes, adeno, papova, and parvo are coded for by the host cell. all others are coded for by the virus

27
Q

RNA viruses - replication enzymes

A

Are mostly RNA dependent, RNA polymerase

  • retro is RNA dependent, DNA polymerase (RT)
  • bunya, orthomyxo, paramyxo, rhabdo, reo, retro, and arena are all carried by virus
28
Q

What DNA virus replicates in the cytoplasm?

A

Poxvirus

29
Q

What RNA viruses replicate in the nucleus?

A

Paramyxo and retroviruses

30
Q

What viruses are more diverse, due to lack of proofreading steps?

A

RNA viruses

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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