Fungal Disease Associations

Question 1

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 1

Common in cats, rare in dogs, cattle

• chorioretinitis, blindness
• cattle: mastitis –> gross swelling, induration, gradual changes in secretions rarely extends beyond LN
• ulcerative lesions of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx
• infection localizes in CNS
• usually does not go into lungs!!

Question 2

Candidiasis

Answer 2

Thrush in birds (chickens, pigeons, turkeys, pheasants, grouse)

• lesions on mouth, crop, proventriculus, gizzard
• circular white patches or white elongated areas along mucosal folds

Question 3

Systemic candidiasis

Answer 3

• feedlot cattle: dyspnea, pneumonia, nasal discharge, diarrhea, wasting
• piglets: pseudomembrane on tongue, esophagus, stomach

Question 4

Cutaneous candidiasis occurs in ___ and ____

Answer 4

Dogs and cats

Question 5

Opportunistic candidiasis occurs in ______

Answer 5

Mastitis, abortion, rumenitis

Question 6

Malassezia

Answer 6

Chronic otitis externa and pododermatitis of dogs

Question 7

Dermatophytes

Answer 7

Erythema, exudation, alopecia

Question 8

Avian Aspergillosis

Answer 8

Chickens, turkeys, psittacines

• diffuse infection of air sacs
• diffuse pneumonic form
• nodular pneumonic form (brooder pneumonia)
• commonly infected with A. fumigatus*

Question 9

Cattle Aspergillosis

Answer 9

Uterine, placental, fetal skin infections = all may result in abortion
- mastitis can occur by intramammary inoculation

Question 10

Equine Aspergillosis

Answer 10

Abortions and gutteral pouch infections

- eye infections, keratomycosis

Question 11

Canine Aspergillosis

Answer 11

Nasal aspergillosis

• systemic aspergillosis caused by A. terrus in IgA deficient German Shepherd
• osteomyelitis

Question 12

Penguin Aspergilosis

Answer 12

Pneumonia in captive birds housed inadequately

Question 13

Intestinal aspergillosis occurs in _____, ______, and ______

Answer 13

Calves, foals, cats

Question 14

Zygomycetes - order Mucorales

Answer 14

• mycotic rumenitis: calves (Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor)
• mycotic placentitis: cows (Mucor, Mortierella)
• subcutaneous granulomas with systemic dissemination in the dog (Absidia, Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum)

Question 15

Zygomycetes - order Entomophthales

Answer 15

• Conidiobolus coronatus: sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory dz in horses
• Basidiobolus ranarum: subcutaneous mycosis of trunk and extremities in cattle and horses

Question 16

Pythiosis - horses

Answer 16

GI, skin, soft tissues, bone

• granulomatous, fistulated, ulcerated
• yellow-gray necrotic masses

Question 17

Pythiosis - cattle

Answer 17

Skin, cutaneous

- multifocal areas of dermal thickening and ulceration on extremities

Question 18

Pythiosis - dogs

Answer 18

GI, skin

• emaciation, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
• firm abdominal mass
• thickening of stomach lining

Question 19

Blastomycosis - pulmonary form

Answer 19

• weight loss
• fever non-responsive to antibiotics
• dry non-productive cough and dyspnea
• ocular problems
• lameness with bone involvement
• lymphadenopathy (common physical exam finding)
• snow storm radiographs

Question 20

Blastomycosis - ocular form

Answer 20

• uveitis
• panophthalmitis
• glaucoma
• acute retinal detachment
• irreversible blindness

Question 21

Blastomycosis - skin lesions

Answer 21

Ulcerative or granulomatous dermatitis

• found with pulmonary form
• granulomatous nodules and draining tracts
• mixed pyogranulomatous response
• greasy exudate and matted hair around area of ulcerated skin
• common on face, nose, lips, limbs, feet, pad, toes

Question 22

Blastomycosis - bone form

Answer 22

• lameness
• invades osseous tissue
• concurrent lymphadenopathy of affected side
• osteolytic lesions at ends of long bones

Question 23

Bastomycosis - genitourinary form

Answer 23

• prostatitis

- hematuria, pyruia

Question 24

___ are more severely affected in Histomycosis

Answer 24

Dogs

• cats rarely have disseminated form
• common in dogs 1-5 yrs old

Question 25

Histomycosis

Answer 25

Present with signs of respiratory disease (cats) or intestinal disease (dogs)

• cough and/or chronic diarrhea unresponsive
• weight loss, anorexia, debility, fever, anemia
• peripheral lymphadenopathy occassionally
• hemorrhagic diarrhea
• hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with liver disease (common in intestinal form)
• interstitial lung pattern with tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (partially obstruct bronhci or compress esophagus)
• calcified pulmonary granulomas

Question 26

Coccidiomycosis - pathogenicity

Answer 26

Boxer and Doberman are more susceptible

• primary infection: 1-3 weeks after exposure –> benign, inapparent, mildly severe URI
• rare: acute or chronic, severely disseminating, fatal mycosis –> common in dogs involving bones, meninges, joints, subq and cutaneous tissues = burrowing abscesses

Question 27

Coccidiomycosis - clinical signs

Answer 27

• resembles blasto and histo with more common bone involvement and meningitis
• granuloma, TB like lesion
• marked, progressive emaciation, muscle atrophy, debilitation
• painful bones/joints
• lameness in later disease
• partial anorexia
• persistent fever without response to antibiotics
• chronic dyspnea and cough
• vomiting
• intermittent diarrhea
• exercise intolerance, lethargy
• primary skin infection (less severe)

Question 28

Sporotrichosis

Answer 28

Lesions confined to skin and subcutaneous tissues as nodules or granulomas

• may spread in a line along lymphatics
• often ulcerate and drain (seropurulent)
• rare: may spread to bones or internal organs
• rare: primary pulmonary disease