Fungal Disease Associations Flashcards
Cryptococcus neoformans
Common in cats, rare in dogs, cattle
- chorioretinitis, blindness
- cattle: mastitis –> gross swelling, induration, gradual changes in secretions rarely extends beyond LN
- ulcerative lesions of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx
- infection localizes in CNS
- usually does not go into lungs!!
Candidiasis
Thrush in birds (chickens, pigeons, turkeys, pheasants, grouse)
- lesions on mouth, crop, proventriculus, gizzard
- circular white patches or white elongated areas along mucosal folds
Systemic candidiasis
- feedlot cattle: dyspnea, pneumonia, nasal discharge, diarrhea, wasting
- piglets: pseudomembrane on tongue, esophagus, stomach
Cutaneous candidiasis occurs in ___ and ____
Dogs and cats
Opportunistic candidiasis occurs in ______
Mastitis, abortion, rumenitis
Malassezia
Chronic otitis externa and pododermatitis of dogs
Dermatophytes
Erythema, exudation, alopecia
Avian Aspergillosis
Chickens, turkeys, psittacines
- diffuse infection of air sacs
- diffuse pneumonic form
- nodular pneumonic form (brooder pneumonia)
- commonly infected with A. fumigatus*
Cattle Aspergillosis
Uterine, placental, fetal skin infections = all may result in abortion
- mastitis can occur by intramammary inoculation
Equine Aspergillosis
Abortions and gutteral pouch infections
- eye infections, keratomycosis
Canine Aspergillosis
Nasal aspergillosis
- systemic aspergillosis caused by A. terrus in IgA deficient German Shepherd
- osteomyelitis
Penguin Aspergilosis
Pneumonia in captive birds housed inadequately
Intestinal aspergillosis occurs in _____, ______, and ______
Calves, foals, cats
Zygomycetes - order Mucorales
- mycotic rumenitis: calves (Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor, Rhizomucor)
- mycotic placentitis: cows (Mucor, Mortierella)
- subcutaneous granulomas with systemic dissemination in the dog (Absidia, Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum)
Zygomycetes - order Entomophthales
- Conidiobolus coronatus: sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory dz in horses
- Basidiobolus ranarum: subcutaneous mycosis of trunk and extremities in cattle and horses
Pythiosis - horses
GI, skin, soft tissues, bone
- granulomatous, fistulated, ulcerated
- yellow-gray necrotic masses
Pythiosis - cattle
Skin, cutaneous
- multifocal areas of dermal thickening and ulceration on extremities
Pythiosis - dogs
GI, skin
- emaciation, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia
- firm abdominal mass
- thickening of stomach lining
Blastomycosis - pulmonary form
- weight loss
- fever non-responsive to antibiotics
- dry non-productive cough and dyspnea
- ocular problems
- lameness with bone involvement
- lymphadenopathy (common physical exam finding)
- snow storm radiographs
Blastomycosis - ocular form
- uveitis
- panophthalmitis
- glaucoma
- acute retinal detachment
- irreversible blindness
Blastomycosis - skin lesions
Ulcerative or granulomatous dermatitis
- found with pulmonary form
- granulomatous nodules and draining tracts
- mixed pyogranulomatous response
- greasy exudate and matted hair around area of ulcerated skin
- common on face, nose, lips, limbs, feet, pad, toes
Blastomycosis - bone form
- lameness
- invades osseous tissue
- concurrent lymphadenopathy of affected side
- osteolytic lesions at ends of long bones
Bastomycosis - genitourinary form
- prostatitis
- hematuria, pyruia
___ are more severely affected in Histomycosis
Dogs
- cats rarely have disseminated form
- common in dogs 1-5 yrs old
Histomycosis
Present with signs of respiratory disease (cats) or intestinal disease (dogs)
- cough and/or chronic diarrhea unresponsive
- weight loss, anorexia, debility, fever, anemia
- peripheral lymphadenopathy occassionally
- hemorrhagic diarrhea
- hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with liver disease (common in intestinal form)
- interstitial lung pattern with tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (partially obstruct bronhci or compress esophagus)
- calcified pulmonary granulomas
Coccidiomycosis - pathogenicity
Boxer and Doberman are more susceptible
- primary infection: 1-3 weeks after exposure –> benign, inapparent, mildly severe URI
- rare: acute or chronic, severely disseminating, fatal mycosis –> common in dogs involving bones, meninges, joints, subq and cutaneous tissues = burrowing abscesses
Coccidiomycosis - clinical signs
- resembles blasto and histo with more common bone involvement and meningitis
- granuloma, TB like lesion
- marked, progressive emaciation, muscle atrophy, debilitation
- painful bones/joints
- lameness in later disease
- partial anorexia
- persistent fever without response to antibiotics
- chronic dyspnea and cough
- vomiting
- intermittent diarrhea
- exercise intolerance, lethargy
- primary skin infection (less severe)
Sporotrichosis
Lesions confined to skin and subcutaneous tissues as nodules or granulomas
- may spread in a line along lymphatics
- often ulcerate and drain (seropurulent)
- rare: may spread to bones or internal organs
- rare: primary pulmonary disease
