Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Agents 2 > Picornaviridae > Flashcards

Picornaviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Picornaviridae virion properties

A
  • non enveloped virions
  • virion is rounded and smooth
  • 27 nm diameter
  • icosahedral symmetry
  • differences in stability to low pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Picornaviridae genome

A

Single molecule of linear positive RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Significance of icosahedral symmetry

A

Allows for efficient assembly that does not require energy

  • most efficient shape that can hold the most volume with the least amount of effort
  • more geometric, rigid due to capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Non-enveloped properties of picornaviridae

A

Allows virus to infect via oral route and survive conditions of the GIT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Picornaviridae genera

A
  • aphthovirus
  • avihepatovirus
  • cardiovirus
  • enterovirus
  • teschovirus
  • tremovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease is a member of the ______ family

A

Aphthovirus

- is a vesicular disease!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FMD symptoms

A

Fever, loss of appetite, depression, and marked drop in milk production
- drooling of saliva due to vesicular stomatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vesicles of FMD

A

Tongue, gums, interdigital skin, coronary band of feet, teats
- vesicle rupture: denuded ulcerative lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FMD aftosa

A

7 serotypes, 60 subtypes

  • no cross protection!!
  • cloven hoofed animals
  • inactivated at pH 6.5 and above 11
  • survives in milk, milk products, bone marrow, lymph glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cross protection

A

Immunity against one serotype is not or incompletely effective against other serotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FMD is not seen in _______

A

Horses!

- common in cattle and swine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FMD serotypes

A
  • A
  • O
  • C
  • SAT-1
  • SAT-2
  • SAT-3
  • Asia 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 forms of animal transmission for FMD?

A
  • respiratory aerosols: requires proper temp and humidity
  • -> survives 1-2 days in human respiratory tract
  • direct contact: ingestion of infected food or animal parts, artificial insemination of biologicals, hormones
  • indirect contact via fomites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Humans become ________ for 1-2 days when working with infected animals

A

Asymptomatic carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FMD morbidity and mortality

A

Morbidity: 100% in animal population (US, Canada, Mexico)
Mortality: less than 1%
- higher in young animals and highly virulent virus strains
- animals generally destroyed to prevent spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FMD in the US

A

Disease is not present in the US, but the population is highly susceptible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FMD clinical signs in cattle

A

Oral lesions

  • vesicles on tongue, dental pad, gums, soft palate, nostrils, muzzle
  • excess salivation, drooling, serous nasal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FMD leison progressivity

A

Oral lesions heal within days

  • may become infected with bacteria leading to prolonged lameness and mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • mortality in adult cattle is low
  • calves younger than 6 months: possible mortality due to myocarditis
19
Q

FMD clinical signs in pigs

A
  • hoof lesions: lameness, lesions on coronary band, heel, interdigital space (more severe than in cattle)
  • snout vesicles
  • oral vesicles are less common, drooling is rare
20
Q

FMD clinical signs in sheep and goats

A

Mild, if any signs

  • fever
  • oral lesions
  • lameness
  • makes diagnosis difficult
21
Q

Clinical susceptibility and epizootiology

A
  • cattle: best indicator due to prominent clinical signs
  • pigs: best amplifier
  • sheep: silent shedders
22
Q

High mortality in calves with FMD due to ________

A

Myocarditis and myocardial necrosis

- causes acute death

23
Q

FMD virus and hosts

A

Aphthovirus

  • cattle, sheep, swine are susceptible
  • horses are resistant
24
Q

Swine vesicular disease virus and hosts

A

Enterovirus

  • swine are susceptible
  • cattle, sheep, horse are resistant
25
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus and hosts

A

Rhabdovirus

- cattle, sheep, swine, and horses are susceptible

26
Q

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus and hosts

A

Coronavirus

  • swine and horses are susceptible
  • cattle, sheep are resistant
27
Q

FMD in wildlife

A

May act as reservoirs

- may or may not show clinical signs

28
Q

FMD diagnostic samples

A
  • vesicular epithelium
  • vesicular fluid (best sample!)
  • oesophageal-pharyngeal fluids
  • serum (acute and convalescent)
29
Q

Collection of OP fluids

A

Use a probe inserted into the esophagus

  • collect all fluid in the area
  • mix with transport media for viruses
  • pink color is normal (pH is normal)
  • yellow color: pH is acidic and virus is dead
30
Q

FMD antigen detection

A
  • virus isolation (in vitro or in vivo)
  • complement fixation
  • ELISA
31
Q

FMD antibody detection

A
  • virus infection associated antigen!
  • virus neutralizaiton
  • ELISA
32
Q

FMD nucleic acid detection

A

RT-PCR

- common and efficient way to diagnose

33
Q

National Animal Health Laboratory Network

A

Cooperative effort between

  • Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
  • National Institute of Food
  • Agriculture American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians
34
Q

Vesicular diseases

A

Economical and trade problems

  • all vesicular diseases are clinically similar
  • diagnostics are necessary
  • notifiable disease
35
Q

Recommended actions if FMD is suspected

A

Should be reported immediately upon diagnosis or suspicion of disease

36
Q

Swine vesicular disease

A

Enterovirus

  • sporadically in Europe and Asia
  • vesicles between heel and coronary band
  • lameness
  • 10% of cases vesicles are seen on snout, lips, and tongue
  • looks similar to FMD without diagnostics!!
37
Q

Equine Rhinovirus 1

A

Aphthovirus (Rhinitis A virus)

  • severe systemic and respiratory signs in horses
  • nasal discharge, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, cough
  • viral shedding in feces
38
Q

Avian encephalomyelitis

A

Tremovirus

  • neurological disease
  • young chickens (1-21 days old)
  • dullness, progressive ataxia, tremors, weight loss, blindness, paralysis
  • no gross lesions!!
39
Q

Histopath of avian encephalomyelitis

A

Mononuclear encephalomyelitis

40
Q

Avian encpehalomyelitis has _______ transmission

A

Vertical

  • get disease from hens through the egg, chick will hatch infected
  • could also be infected through feces (horizontal transmission) –> 3-4 weeks clinical signs
41
Q

Encephalomyocarditis

A

Cardiovirus

  • natural host are rodents
  • transmitted from rodents to humans, monkeys, horses, cattle, and swine
  • myocarditis with fatalities
42
Q

Porcine polioencephalomyelitis

A

Aka: Teschen/Talfan disease

  • Teschovirus
  • neurological diseases in swine with paralysis
  • may be related to stillbirth, fetal mummification, embryonic death infertility
43
Q

Duck viral hepatitis

A

Avihepatovirus

  • severe disease of ducks
  • ducks younger of 3 weeks
  • mortality can approach 100%
  • extensive hepatic necrosis
  • located primarily in Asia

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions