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Infectious Agents 2 > Poxviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Pocks

A

Caused by small pox (variola) virus

- has now been eradicated

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2
Q

Poxvirus diseases occur in _______

A

Most animal species

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3
Q

Vaccinia virus

A

Used as a vector for delivering a wide range of viral antigens
- originally derived from cowpox

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4
Q

Is smallpox completely eradicated?

A

No, can be used as a biological weapon

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5
Q

What is the largest and most complex family of all viruses?

A

Poxviruses

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6
Q

What are 2 subfamilies of poxvirus?

A
  • chordopoxvirinae: poxviruses of vertebrates (8 genera)

- entomopoxvirinae: poxviruses of insects

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7
Q

Properties of chordopoxvirinae

A

Brick-shaped virion, irregular arrangement of tubules on outer membrane
- parapoxvirus: ovoid, regular spiral arrangement of tubules on outer membrane

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8
Q

Components of chordopoxvirinae structure

A
  • core
  • lateral bodies
  • outer membrane
  • sometimes an envelope
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9
Q

Chordopoxvirinae genomic properties

A

Linear dsDNA genome

  • resistant to ambient temperatures, may survive years in dried scabs
  • approx 200 genes in the genome
  • cytoplasmic replication!!
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10
Q

Orthopoxvirus

A

Vaccinia virus

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11
Q

Parapoxvirus

A

Pseudocowpox virus

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12
Q

Capripoxvirus

A

Sheeppox virus

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13
Q

Suipoxvirus

A

Swinepox virus

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14
Q

Leporipoxvirus

A

Infects rabbits, myxoma virus

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15
Q

Avipoxvirus

A

Fowlpox virus

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16
Q

Molluscipoxvirus

A

Specific for humans

- molluscum contagiosum virus

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17
Q

Yatapoxvirus

A

Yaba monkey tumor poxvirus

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18
Q

When does cross-neutralization and cross-protection occur?

A

Occurs between viruses belonging to the same genus, but not between viruses of different genera

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19
Q

When does genetic recombination occur?

A

Between viruses of the same genus, but rarely between those of different genera

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20
Q

Poxviruses have ______ immunity

A

Long term

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21
Q

Do all pox viruses have an envelope?

A

No

- non enveloped enter via endocytosis –> replication does not overwhelm the host

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22
Q

What facilitates DNA replication?

A

Early mRNA

23
Q

What facilitates early transcription factor and structural proteins?

A

Late mRNA

24
Q

Entry of poxviruses

A

Via fusion or endocytosis

- cytoplasmic replication, enveloped particles released by exocytosis, nonenveloped particles released by cell lysis

25
Q

Are enveloped or noneveloped particles infectious?

A

Both

26
Q

All poxvirus infections are associated with ________

A

Lesions of the skin

27
Q

Several poxviruses, such as sheeppox, cause _______

A

Generalized disease throughout the viscera and cause significant mortality

28
Q

Cell-associated viremia

A

Leads to localization in the skin and to a lesser extent in internal organs

  • found in generalized poxvirus
  • can carry the virus without detection by host immune system
29
Q

Immunity induced by poxviruses

A

Long immunity

- induced by parapoxviruses is short and reinfection is common

30
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A
  • electron microscopic examination
  • inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryonated eggs = pocks lesions
  • cell cultures
  • ELISA
  • histology-intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies
31
Q

Which methods can not be used for parapoxviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus?

A

Inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane of chicken-embryonated eggs, and cell cultures

32
Q

Poxvirus transmission

A

Direct contact from skin lesions

  • contaminated environment (orf)
  • droplet infection of the respiratory tract (sheeppox)
  • mechanical transmission by insects (swinepox, fowlpox, and myxomatosis)
33
Q

Vaccinia virus

A

Numerous, man, cow, buffalo, pig, rabbit

34
Q

Cowpox virus

A

Numerous, cow, man, rats, cats, large felines

35
Q

Monkeypox virus

A

Numerous, squirrels, prairie dog, monkey, great apes, man

36
Q

Raccoon poxvirus

A

Raccoon

37
Q

35 confirmed human cases of monkeypox have been associated with ________

A

Prairie dogs

  • infected thru contact with Gambian giant rats and dormice
  • humans get a vesicular rash
  • prairie dogs get bronchopneumonia, conjunctivits, tongue ulceration
38
Q

What are the 3 parapoxvirus zoonotic diseases?

A
  • pseudocowpox virus: cattle, man
  • bovine papular stomatitis virus: cattle, man
  • orf virus: sheep, goat, man
39
Q

Pseudocowpox

A

Common endemic infection in cattle in most countries

  • small papule on the teat, develops into a small, dark red scab
  • ring or horseshoe scab
  • similar lesions can develop on muzzles
40
Q

Transmission of pseudocowpox virus

A
  • cross suckling of calves
  • contaminated milking machines
  • mechanical transmission by flies
41
Q

Orf

A

Contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth

  • affects muzzle and lips, eyelids, feet, and teats of ewes
  • sheep are susceptible to reinfection and chronic infection can occur
  • difficult to eradicate
  • ewes can be vaccinated with live-virus vaccines before lambing
  • short-lived immunity
42
Q

All parapoxviruses have ________ immunity

A

Short lived!!

43
Q

Capripoxvirus genus

A
  • sheeppox virus: sheep, goat
  • goatpox virus: goat, sheep
  • lumpyskin disease virus: cattle, buffalo
44
Q

Does capripoxvirus cross protect with orf?

A

No, do not share common antigens

45
Q

Suipoxvirus

A

Swinepox virus

- swine

46
Q

Leporipoxvirus

A

Myxoma virus

- rabbits

47
Q

Avipoxvirus

A

Fowlpox virus

- chickens, turkey, other birds

48
Q

Yatapoxvirus

A

Yaba monkey tumor poxvirus

- monkeys

49
Q

Fowlpox

A

Occurred worldwide

  • characterized by small papules on the comb, wattles, around beak/feet
  • wet pox (diphtheritic) involves infection of mucous membranes of mouth, pharyns, larynx and sometimes trachea
50
Q

Results of fowlpox

A
  • declines in egg production
  • little mortality
  • recovered birds are immune
  • poultry can be protected by vaccination with pigeonpox
51
Q

Which genus of poxvirus only induces short term immunity?

A

Paramyxovirus

52
Q

How does a poxvirus replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

53
Q

What is Variola virus? What is Vaccinia virus?

A

Smallpox; cowpox derived

54
Q

Is chicken pox a poxvirus?

A

No, it is a herpes virus

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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