Parvovirus

Question 1

Parvo did not exist until

Answer 1

1978

Question 2

Parvoviral DNA

Answer 2

Small, single linear strand

• only codes for 4 proteins
• positive polarity

Question 3

Parvoviral structure

Answer 3

Icosahedral

• size varies from 18-24 nm
• contains no lipid or carbohydrate

Question 4

Parvovirus replicates in the ______

Answer 4

Nucleus

• exhibits naked infectivity
• replication enzymes are coded for and supplied by the host cell

Question 5

What form of parvoviridae infects invertebrates and insects?

Answer 5

Densovirus

- problem with circket producers

Question 6

Cat

Answer 6

FPV

- panleukopenia causing enteritis, teratogenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia, or aplasia

Question 7

Dog

Answer 7

CPV, MVC

- parvovirus causing enteritis, myocarditis

Question 8

Pig

Answer 8

PPV

- mummified, aborted fetus

Question 9

Cow

Answer 9

BPV (HADEN virus)

- enteritis, reproductive disease

Question 10

Mink

Answer 10

Mink enteritis virus, Aleutian disease virus

- enteritis, plasmacytosis, hypergammaglobulemia

Question 11

Rabbit

Answer 11

RPV

- no clinical signs, is an orphan virus!!

Question 12

Rodents

Answer 12

RV, H-1, H-3, H-14, Minute virus of mice

- teratogenesis, cerebellar ataxia

Question 13

Man

Answer 13

Norwalk agent, B-19

- gastroenteritis, aplastic crisis, exanthema, Fifth disease, polyarthralgia, hydrops fetalis

Question 14

Horse

Answer 14

Questionable, no clinical signs

Question 15

What are the 8 general steps in the infection of host cells?

Answer 15

• attachment: via specific receptor on cell surface
• penetration: receptor mediated endocytosis
• uncoating: eclipse and release of viral nucleic acid
• transcription: formation of mRNA
• translation: mRNA to protein
• replication
• assembly: core proteins associate with NA, capsomeres follow
• release: enveloped virus gain lipid bilayer, cytocidal or persistant infection results

Question 16

Is parvo an enveloped virus?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What cells are parvo cytocidal to?

Answer 17

Rapidly dividing cells (stem cells)

- causes rapid infection

Question 18

Infectious GI diseases rank second in occurrence to ________

Answer 18

Infectious respiratory diseases

Question 19

My GI viruses cannot be _______

Answer 19

Cultured

Question 20

What is responsible for the development of diarrhea?

Answer 20

Cell functional changes

Question 21

Localized viral GIT infections

Answer 21

Involve specific cellular tropisms

Question 22

What are viruses affected by in the GIT?

Answer 22

Trypsin

- cleaves lys-arg bonds

Question 23

What 2 viruses have enhanced infectivity by trypsin?

Answer 23

Rota and coronaviruses

Question 24

Most GI viruses are ______ resistant

Answer 24

Acid

Question 25

Some systemic GIT are ______ resistant

Answer 25

Acid, utilize a viremia to circumvent the low pH of the stomach

Question 26

What cells to parvovirus first infect?

Answer 26

Cells of the tonsil, gain entry into circulation and travel via a plasma associated viremia to the crypts of intestinal mucosa

Question 27

Why are young animals more susceptible to parvo?

Answer 27

• low stomach acidity
• low immunity
• abundance of rapidly dividing cells

Question 28

Mitolytic viruses kill mitotic cells via

Answer 28

Chromosome pulverization

Question 29

In utero exposure

Answer 29

Fetal death

- abortion

Question 30

Neonatal exposure less than 8 weeks old

Answer 30

• <2 weeks old: generalized infection and acute death

- 3-8 weeks old: localized infection, myocarditis, death

Question 31

Oronasal exposure greater than 8 weeks old

Answer 31

Regional lymph node, pharynx, tonsil infection leading to viremia plasma-associated spread to lymphoid tissue, intestinal cells, and lungs/liver/kidney

Question 32

What infected organs cause minimal pathology?

Answer 32

Lungs, liver, kidney

Question 33

Parvo is a _____ infection

Answer 33

Persistent, will have it for life

- low levels, cannot transmit to other dogs but will stimulate an immune response