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Infectious Agents 2 > Adenoviridae > Flashcards

Adenoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoid

A

Made up of lymphatic tissue, traps and destroys pathogens in the air that enter the nasopharynx

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2
Q

Adenovirus

A
  • many serotypes
  • highly host specific
  • isolated from humans, animals, birds
  • mainly produce subclinical infections
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3
Q

Where is adenovirus isolated from?

A

Usually from the upper respiratory tract, but sometimes the feces

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4
Q

Adenoviruses usually produce mild infections, except with:

A

Avian adenoviruses

- associated with a variety of syndromes

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5
Q

Adenovirus - general characteristics

A
  • icosahedral virion
  • 70-90 nm diameter
  • replicate in nucleus of cells
  • virions released by cell lysis
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6
Q

Adenovirus genome

A

Linear dsDNA, 30-37 kbp in size

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7
Q

Adenovirus pathogenesis

A

Produce intranuclear inclusion bodies containing virions

  • agglutinate RBCs: tips of the fiber bind to a receptor on the surface of the RBC
  • some adenoviruses are oncogenic in mice
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8
Q

What is a good diagnostic test for adenoviruses?

A

Hemagglutination inhibition test

  • provides simplest assay for virus or antibody detection
  • virus is host specific, need to use species specific blood for hemagglutination tests
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9
Q

Hemagglutination inhibition test

A

Virus, RBCs, and antibody from the serum

  • look at how high the titer is
  • if the antibody is for the virus, then you will have antigen-antibody binding –> virus no longer has capability to bind to the RBCs so you will see a button, not a layer of RBC
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10
Q

What is the component that is able to bind to the cell receptor?

A

Fiber

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11
Q

Classification of adenovirus is based on:

A

Antigenic relationships

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12
Q

How many genera is apart of the adenovirus family?

A

Mastadenovirus (mammalian) and Aviadenovirus (avian)

  • the 2 genera do not share a common group antigen
  • genus-specific antigenic determinants on the pentamers
  • type-specific antigenic determinants (defined by neutralization and HI assays) are located on the hexamers and fibers
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13
Q

What is the antigenic component of adenoviridae?

A

Pentamers

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14
Q

Horse

A
  • 2 serotypes

- asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory disease in foals with congenital immunodeficiency

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15
Q

Cattle, swine, sheep, goat

A

Usually asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory disease

  • cattle: 10 serotypes
  • swine: 4 serotypes
  • sheep: 6 serotypes
  • goat: 2 serotypes
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16
Q

Dog

A
  • 2 serotypes

- infectious canine hepatitis (type 1), infectious canine tracheobronchitis (type 2)

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17
Q

Chicken

A
  • 12 serotypes

- rarely, inclusion body hepatitis and egg drop syndrome

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18
Q

Turkey

A
  • 3 serotypes

- bronchitis, marble spleen disease, enteritis, egg drop syndrome

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19
Q

Duck

A
  • 2 serotypes

- rarely, duck hepatitis

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20
Q

Quail

A

Bronchitis

21
Q

Goose

A
  • 3 serotypes

- isolated from liver, intestine

22
Q

Viral replication

A

Mature virus –> attachment –> pentons, rupture of the phagocytic membrane –> hexons –> core enters nucleus, DNA is released

23
Q

Adenovirus causes ____, ______, or ______ respiratory disease

A

Acute, mild or subclinical

  • confined to URT, may include conjunctivitis and bronchopneumonia
  • may have mild or subclinical gastroenteric disease
  • hepatitis
24
Q

Adenoviruses can be recovered from the _______

A

Lymphoid organs of healthy animals

- long periods of latency

25
Q

In what scenario is adenovirus pathogenic?

A
  • to immunodeficient animals
  • generalized infections in Arabian foals with primary severe combined immunodeficiency
  • when avian immune systems are compromised by avian leukosis, infectious bursal disease or chicken anemia
26
Q

Chicken anemia attacks the _____

A

Thymus

27
Q

Canine adenovirus infections

A
  • canine adenovirus 1: respiratory or ocular disease, encephalopathy, chronic hepatitis and nephritis
  • canine adenovirus 1 + 2: related to kennel cough
  • canine adenovirus 2: respiratory disease, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
28
Q

Which type of adenovirus is less severe?

A

Type 2

29
Q

Canine adenovirus 1

A

Causes infectious canine hepatitis (ICH)

  • rare, due to widespread vaccination
  • majority are asymptomatic
  • susceptible dogs characterized by fever, hepatic necrosis, widespread hemorrhages as a consequence of vascular injury
30
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis

A
  • increase thirst
  • anorexia
  • tonsillitis
  • petechial hemorrhages on mucous membranes
  • diarrhea
  • may develop conjunctivitis and photophobia
  • severe ICH is most likely to occur in pups that are not immune to disease
31
Q

Blue eye is caused by ______

A

Canine adenovirus 1

  • results from corneal edema
  • convalescent stages of natural infection
  • 8-12 days after vaccination with attenuated live canine adenovirus 1
32
Q

Vaccines

A
  • Killed + attenuated live: available for canine adenovirus 1
  • attenuated live: canine adenovirus 2
33
Q

T/F: antigenic relationship between adenovirus 1 and 2 is sufficiently close

A

True

- canine adenovirus 2 vaccine can cross protect and does not cause corneal edema

34
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Confirmed by serologic testing –> complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, ELISA

  • PCR to detect viral nucleic acid
  • virus isolation
  • immunohistochemical staining of tissues with CAV-1 antibody
35
Q

Canine adenovirus 2

A

Isolated from acute cough

  • one of agents implicated in kennel cough
  • experimental infection produced pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and tracheobronchitis
  • virus persists in respiratory tract for up to 28 days (very long time)
36
Q

Canine adenovirus 2 does not produce ______ and _____

A

Renal and ocular lesions

37
Q

Bovine adenoviruses

A

10 serotypes

  • only produce mild symptoms
  • pneumonia, enteritis in young or immunosupressed cattle
38
Q

Which 2 serotypes of bovine adenovirus are more pathogenic?

A

BAV 3 and BAV 5

39
Q

Does bovine adenovirus have a vaccine?

A

None licensed in the US

40
Q

Equine adenovirus infections

A

Arabian foals suffer from primary severe combined immunodeficiency disease = absence of both T and B cells making them susceptible

  • maternal antibody wanes
  • occurs within 3 months of age
41
Q

Which adenovirus is the main pathogen of equine adenovirus?

A

Type 1

  • causes bronchitis, pneumonia
  • invades a wide range of tissues
42
Q

Is equine adenovirus a genetic disease?

A

Yes, infects Arabians

43
Q

Avian adenovirus infections

A
  • group 1: share a common antigen, isolated from chickens, turkeys, and geese
  • group 2: share a different antigen, include viruses from turkey hemorrhagic enteritis, marble spleen disease, splenomegaly in chicken
  • group 3: partially antigenically related to group 1 viruses, associated with egg drop syndrome in chickens and ducks
44
Q

Does group 1 share any common antigens with group 2?

A

No

- does not cross react

45
Q

Avian adenoviruses produce subclinical infections in _________

A

Breeding flocks and contaminate eggs

46
Q

Avian live virus vaccines

A

Want to use adenovirus contaminated cells to produce avian-live virus vaccines
- chicken embryos origin cell cultures used as substrate for production of vaccines

47
Q

______ can be used as a vector to carry another viral gene

A

Adenovirus

48
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Inoculation of fecal samples or tissue homogenates into cell cultures derived from homologous species

  • cytopathic changes evident on first passage
  • some enteric adenoviruses are difficult to grow in cell cultures
  • HI and neutralization assays are used for typing viral isolates
49
Q

Which is easier to perform, HI or neutralization?

A

HI

- neutralization requires cell cultures

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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