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Infectious Agents 2 > Reoviridae > Flashcards

Reoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 genera of veterinary importance in reoviridae?

A
  • orthoreovirus: arthritis and tenosynovitis in poultry
  • orbivirus: arthropod borne, infect horse (African horse sickness), ruminants (bluetongue)
  • rotavirus: enteritis in neonatal farm animals
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2
Q

Mammalian reovirus 1-3

A

Orthoreovirus

  • isolated from many species of mammals
  • hepaloencephalomyelitis in mice
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3
Q

Avian reovirus 1-11

A

Orthoreovirus

  • chickens, turkeys, geese
  • arthritis, nephrosis, enteritis, chronic respiratory disease, myocarditis
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4
Q

Bluetongue virus 1-25

A

Orbivirus

  • sheep, cattle, deer
  • bluetongue
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5
Q

African horse sickness 1-9

A

Orbivirus

  • horse, donkey, mule, zebras
  • african horse sickness
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6
Q

Equine encephalosis virus 1-5

A

Orbivirus

  • horse
  • abortion and encephalitis
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7
Q

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus 1-2

A

Orbivirus

  • deer
  • epizootic hemorrhagic disease
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8
Q

Ibaraki virus

A

Orbivirus

  • cattle (not in US)
  • acute febrile disease similar to bluetongue
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9
Q

Palyam virus 1-6

A

Orbivirus

  • cattle (not in US)
  • abortion, congenital abnormalities
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10
Q

Rotaviruses

A

Host specific, infect virtually all animals

- enteritis

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11
Q

Colorado tick fever virus, Eyach virus

A

Coltivirus

  • zoonotic, small animals and humans
  • colorado tick fever
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12
Q

Aquareovirus

A

Viruses of fish and shellfish

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13
Q

Reoviridae genome

A

Segmented (10-12), double stranded RNA genomes

  • 10 for othoreovirus and orbivirus
  • 11 for rotavirus
  • 12 for coltivirus
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14
Q

Disease of orthoreoviruses are usually insignificant, except in ______

A

Rodents, chickens, and turkeys

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15
Q

Which genera of reoviruses is vector-borne?

A

Orbivirus

- have a resulting seasonal effect

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16
Q

Orbiviruses have 3 layers: ______, ______, and _____

A
  • inner core layer: VP1, VP4, VP6
  • Core layer: VP3 and VP7 (group specific antigen)
  • outer layer: VP2 and VP5 that are responsible for induction of immune response
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17
Q

Rotaviruses often cause disease in ______

A

New-borne animals after maternal antibody has waned

- diarrhea is more severe than with other viruses

18
Q

What are the 7 major subgroups of rotavirus?

A

A-G based on VP6

  • A: pathogens from humans, cattle, etc
  • B: human pathogens only
  • C and E: swine only pathogens!!!
  • D and F: pathogens from fowl
19
Q

What is the most abundant viral protein, that is the major determinant of group reactivity?

A

VP6

- is the target of common diagnostic assays

20
Q

Reoviral replication

A

Involves synthesis of viral mRNA and genomic RNA by RNA dependent RNA polymerase

  • is packed within virion particles
  • reason why reoviral genomic RNA is NOT infectious!!
21
Q

T/F: Genetic reassortment occurs between viruses within each genus or subgroup

A

True

22
Q

Bluetongue infects both _____ and _____

A

Domestic and wild ruminants

23
Q

Bluetongue shares a common antigen with _______ and _______

A

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus and African horse sickness virus

24
Q

Virulence of bluetongue virus

A

Varies due to 25 serotypes

  • only 5 serotypes recognized in US
  • seroprevalence of cattle in US is >18%
25
Q

Does bluetongue virus survive outside the host?

A

No

- transmission due to animal carcasses or meat products is not possible

26
Q

Is the cattle or sheep industry more heavily affected by bluetongue in the US?

A

Cattle industry

- cattle are often not noticeably ill, but they carry the disease for months after initial infection

27
Q

Bluetongue virus is transmitted by _______

A

Culicoides midges

  • disease is prevalent in mid-summer to early fall
  • female midges take up bluetongue viruses as they feed on blood of infected animals
28
Q

What midges make up the complex that is most involved in the spread of bluetongue virus?

A
  • C variipennis variipennis
  • C variipennis sonorensis
  • C variipennis occidentalis
29
Q

Sheep affected with bluetongue

A

Swollen lips and tongue

30
Q

Cattle and goats affected with bluetongue

A

Usually subclinical, only 5% develop disease

31
Q

General symptoms of bluetongue

A

Fever, listlessness, lack of appetite, rapid breathing

  • mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth turn red and lips become swollen
  • 7-12 days in the disease you get lameness with petechical hemorrhage at coronary band and hooves may slough
32
Q

Bluetongue infection of pregnant animals

A

May result in abortion, stillbirth, or weak live birth

- early embryonic loss and decreased reproductive efficiency

33
Q

What is the most definitive means of BTV diagnosis?

A

Virus isolation from blood of viremic animals

34
Q

Bluetongue is a ______ disease

A

List A

- internationally regulated!!!

35
Q

Control of BTV

A

Based on vaccination of animals in endemic areas and decreasing number of insect vectors by bringing animals inside around dusk

36
Q

Is there a universal vaccine for bluetongue?

A

No, all vaccines are serotype dependent

37
Q

What is the number one viral agent to cause diarrhea in new borne calves?

A

Bovine rotavirus

38
Q

Transmission of BTV can also occur _______

A

Transplacentally

- cannot be transmitted between mammals

39
Q

Unlike rotavirus, BTV is susceptible to _______

A

Common disinfectants and low pH

- rotavirus are stable in wide range of environments

40
Q

_____ and _____ are neutralizing antigens and must be considered when vaccinating

A

VP4 and VP7

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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