Calicivirus Flashcards
What are the 4 genera within the calicivirus family?
- vestivirus
- lagovirus
- norovirus (norwalk-like viruses)
- sapovirus (sapporo-like viruses)
What 3 viruses are in the vestivirus genera?
- San Miguel sealion viruses
- Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
- feline calicivirus
San Miguel sealion viruses
Sea lion, pinnipeds
- vesicular
- neonatal hemorrhagic syndrome
Vesicular exanthema of swine viruses
Swine
- vesicular
- purpura hemorrhagica in aborted piglets
Feline calicivirus
Feline
- oral ulcers
- upper respiratory disease
- pneumonia
- arthritis, hemorrhagic, enteritis (all rare)
Rabbit calicivirus disease
European rabbit (O. cuniculus)
- genera: lagovirus
- hemorrhagic
- systemic
- hepatotropic
Norwalk viruses
Humans
- diarrhea
- fecal oral transmission
Bovine enteric caliciviruses
European bovine
- genera: norovirus
- diarrhea, enteropathogenic
- fecal oral transmission
Sapporovirus
Humans
- diarrhea, gasteroenteritis
- fecal oral transmission
Hepatitis E virus
Humans (not in US)
- acute hepatitis
- jaundice
- pregnancy deaths
- fecal oral transmission
Amyelosis chronic stunt virus
Insects
- stunted insects
Canine calicivirus
Canine
- diarrhea
- rare glossitis
- evolved from feline calicivirus
Fowl calicivirus
Chickens
- stunted broiler chicks
- no chickens close to ocean!
Mink calicivirus
Mink
- enteritis
Porcine enteric calicivirus
Porcine
- diarrhea, piglets
- evolution of vesicular exanthema of swine
Walrus calicivirus
Walrus
- enteritis
T/F: animal viruses found in ocean reservoirs can be cultivated in vitro
True
- human caliciviruses cannot
Morphology
Virions have a non-enveloped capsid
- round with icosahedral symmetry
- stable in pH 4-5 under in vitro conditions
- sensitive to treatment with trypsin, resistant to mild detergents, ether, or chloroform
Genome
Non segmented, single strand, linear, positive sense RNA
- polyadenylated
Are lipids found in caliciviruses?
No
T/F: the calicivirus genomic nucleic acid by itself is infectious
True
What type of polymerase is encoded in caliciviridae?
RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RR)
How is calicivirus transmitted?
Direct contact or fecal oral
Where are calicivirus virions found?
Cytoplasm
- cytoplasmic inclusions in FCV infected pneumocytes and epithelial cells are readily seen
FCV is an agent of great importance because it causes _______
Serious respiratory disease in cats
What are common clinical signs of caliciviruses in animals?
- gastroenteritis
- vesicular lesions
- respiratory infections
- reproductive failure
- fatal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits
How do the lagoviruses and SLVs differ from the vesiviruses and NLVs?
Their genomes contain 2 ORFs, while the genomes of NLV and vestivirus contain 3 ORFs
ORFs of lagoviruses and SLVs
- ORF1: codes for both NS and capsid proteins
- ORF2: codes for minor viral structural protein (VP2) that is a minor capsid protien in FCV
ORFs of vestiviruses and NLVs
- ORF1: NS
- ORF2: major capsid protein
- ORF3: minor viral structural protein (VP2) that is a minor capsid protien in FCV
Genetic relatedness between San Miguel sea lion and vesicular exanthema of swine
SMSV, and VESV are closely related and distinct from feline calicivirus and they should be classified as a single genotype within caliciviridae
