Calicivirus

Question 1

What are the 4 genera within the calicivirus family?

Answer 1

• vestivirus
• lagovirus
• norovirus (norwalk-like viruses)
• sapovirus (sapporo-like viruses)

Question 2

What 3 viruses are in the vestivirus genera?

Answer 2

• San Miguel sealion viruses
• Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
• feline calicivirus

Question 3

San Miguel sealion viruses

Answer 3

Sea lion, pinnipeds

• vesicular
• neonatal hemorrhagic syndrome

Question 4

Vesicular exanthema of swine viruses

Answer 4

Swine

• vesicular
• purpura hemorrhagica in aborted piglets

Question 5

Feline calicivirus

Answer 5

Feline

• oral ulcers
• upper respiratory disease
• pneumonia
• arthritis, hemorrhagic, enteritis (all rare)

Question 6

Rabbit calicivirus disease

Answer 6

European rabbit (O. cuniculus)

• genera: lagovirus
• hemorrhagic
• systemic
• hepatotropic

Question 7

Norwalk viruses

Answer 7

Humans

• diarrhea
• fecal oral transmission

Question 8

Bovine enteric caliciviruses

Answer 8

European bovine

• genera: norovirus
• diarrhea, enteropathogenic
• fecal oral transmission

Question 9

Sapporovirus

Answer 9

Humans

• diarrhea, gasteroenteritis
• fecal oral transmission

Question 10

Hepatitis E virus

Answer 10

Humans (not in US)

• acute hepatitis
• jaundice
• pregnancy deaths
• fecal oral transmission

Question 11

Amyelosis chronic stunt virus

Answer 11

Insects

- stunted insects

Question 12

Canine calicivirus

Answer 12

Canine

• diarrhea
• rare glossitis
• evolved from feline calicivirus

Question 13

Fowl calicivirus

Answer 13

Chickens

• stunted broiler chicks
• no chickens close to ocean!

Question 14

Mink calicivirus

Answer 14

Mink

- enteritis

Question 15

Porcine enteric calicivirus

Answer 15

Porcine

• diarrhea, piglets
• evolution of vesicular exanthema of swine

Question 16

Walrus calicivirus

Answer 16

Walrus

- enteritis

Question 17

T/F: animal viruses found in ocean reservoirs can be cultivated in vitro

Answer 17

True

- human caliciviruses cannot

Question 18

Morphology

Answer 18

Virions have a non-enveloped capsid

• round with icosahedral symmetry
• stable in pH 4-5 under in vitro conditions
• sensitive to treatment with trypsin, resistant to mild detergents, ether, or chloroform

Question 19

Genome

Answer 19

Non segmented, single strand, linear, positive sense RNA

- polyadenylated

Question 20

Are lipids found in caliciviruses?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

T/F: the calicivirus genomic nucleic acid by itself is infectious

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What type of polymerase is encoded in caliciviridae?

Answer 22

RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RR)

Question 23

How is calicivirus transmitted?

Answer 23

Direct contact or fecal oral

Question 24

Where are calicivirus virions found?

Answer 24

Cytoplasm

- cytoplasmic inclusions in FCV infected pneumocytes and epithelial cells are readily seen

Question 25

FCV is an agent of great importance because it causes _______

Answer 25

Serious respiratory disease in cats

Question 26

What are common clinical signs of caliciviruses in animals?

Answer 26

• gastroenteritis
• vesicular lesions
• respiratory infections
• reproductive failure
• fatal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits

Question 27

How do the lagoviruses and SLVs differ from the vesiviruses and NLVs?

Answer 27

Their genomes contain 2 ORFs, while the genomes of NLV and vestivirus contain 3 ORFs

Question 28

ORFs of lagoviruses and SLVs

Answer 28

• ORF1: codes for both NS and capsid proteins

- ORF2: codes for minor viral structural protein (VP2) that is a minor capsid protien in FCV

Question 29

ORFs of vestiviruses and NLVs

Answer 29

• ORF1: NS
• ORF2: major capsid protein
• ORF3: minor viral structural protein (VP2) that is a minor capsid protien in FCV

Question 30

Genetic relatedness between San Miguel sea lion and vesicular exanthema of swine

Answer 30

SMSV, and VESV are closely related and distinct from feline calicivirus and they should be classified as a single genotype within caliciviridae