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Infectious Agents 2 > Paramyxoviridae > Flashcards

Paramyxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Paramyxoviridae transmission

A

Respiratory droplets

- initiate infection in respiratory tract

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2
Q

Morbillivirus

A
  • canine distemper (single serotype)
  • rinderpest
  • peste de petis ruminants virus
  • human measles
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3
Q

What was eradicated in 2001, after smallpox?

A

Rinderpest

- affected cattle, buffalo

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4
Q

Paramyxovirus

A
  • parainfluenza
  • avian paramyxovirus
  • sendal virus
  • mumps
  • hendra virus
  • nipah virus
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5
Q

Parainfluenza

A

Serotypes 1-4

  • canine paramyxovirus, parainfluenza virus serotype 2: one cause of kennel cough
  • parainfluenza serotype 3: infect cattle, sheep, horse
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6
Q

New castle disease virus belongs to what serotype?

A

Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1

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7
Q

Sendal virus

A

Murine parainfluenza virus type 1 (hemagglutinating virus of Japan)

  • mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, occasionally pigs
  • homologous to human parainfluenza virus type 1 but not infect humans
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8
Q

Mumps

A

Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella

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9
Q

Pneumorvirus

A
  • human respiratory syncytial virus
  • bovine RSV
  • avian pneumorvirus
  • pneumorvirus in mice
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10
Q

Bovine RSV

A

Affects young beef/dairy cattle

  • component of bovine respiratory disease complex due to frequency of occurrence, predilection for lower respiratory tract, ability to predispose respiratory tract to secondary bacterial infection
  • high morbidity, up to 20% fatality rate
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11
Q

Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus is an ________

A

Avian pneumorvirus

- swollen head syndrome

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12
Q

Characteristics of paramyxoviridae

A

Spherical, enveloped pleomorphic particles

  • ssRNA, negative sense, non segmented
  • 6+ proteins
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13
Q

Envelop proteins

A
  • HN, H, G: viral attach proteins
  • M: assembly of virions
  • F: factor active in fusion of cells, hemolysis, viral entry
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14
Q

Nucleocapsid protiens

A
  • NP: protect viral RNA
  • P: possible part of transcription complex
  • L: polymerase
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15
Q

Which viral family has HA and H activities?

A

Morbillivirus

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16
Q

Which viral family has HN, both H + N activities?

A

Paramyxovirus

17
Q

Which viral family has G activity?

A

Pneumovirus

- no H or N!

18
Q

Canine distemper hosts

A
  • canidae family
  • procyonidae family (red panda, racoon)
  • mustelidae family (ferret, mink, skunk)
  • large cats
  • phocine and dolpins
19
Q

Factors affecting pathogenesis

A
  • virus strain
  • age of host
  • host immune status/competence
20
Q

Canine distemper diagnosis

A
  • hematology: acute cases
  • cytology: acute cases
  • viral isolation
  • PCR
  • CSF analysis
  • serology (ELISA)
  • samples from serum, blood smear, conjunctival smear
21
Q

Which diagnostic techniques are complicated by canine distemper vaccine?

A

ELISA

  • IgM persist in dogs with distemper for 5 weeks to 3 months
  • IgM lasts for 3 weeks after vaccination
22
Q

Presence of both IgM and IgG, but negative blood smear and conjunctival smear

A

CNS distemper or successful vaccination in 3 weeks

23
Q

Presence of IgG, but negative for IgM, blood and conjunctival smear

A

Not infected with CDV, protected by vaccination or previous infection

24
Q

Presence of IgM, but negative to IgG, blood and conjunctival smear

A

Early vaccine titer, not disease

- rare

25
Q

Positive blood smear, possible positive conjunctival smear, no signs of IgM or IgG

A

Very early acute CDV (rare)

26
Q

No signs of IgM, IgG, negative blood smear and conjunctival smear

A

No infection, no protection

27
Q

New Castle Disease

A

APMV-1 (family paramyxoviridae)

  • lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic
  • neurotrophic, viscerotropic
28
Q

Exotic Newcastle Disease

A

US definition for velogenic viscerotropic strains of Newcastle

29
Q

Hendra virus

A

Respiratory and neurological disease in horses

30
Q

What are 3 new viruses carried by fruit bats?

A
  • hendra
  • nipah
  • menangle
31
Q

Nipah virus

A

Primarily affects adult males with swine contact

  • swine: severe respiratory disease, transmitted by movement of infected pigs
  • human: febrile encephalitis, high mortality
  • no vaccine available
32
Q

Reservoir

A
  • flying foxes (fruit bats) –> are not affected
  • virus found in urine and partially eaten fruit
  • no known secondary host

Infectious Agents 2 (29 decks)

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