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Cardiovascular 1 > Revision Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Revision Quiz 2 Flashcards

0
Q

2 nodes which form conduction control system of heart

A

Sinoatrial

Atrioventricular

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1
Q

What % blood goes directly to coronary arteries

A

5

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2
Q

What effect does sympathetic NS have on heart

A

Increases rate

Contraction strength

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3
Q

Where do you palate the dorsalis pedis pulse

A

Foot

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4
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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5
Q

2 things aid blood return to heart

A

Body position - gravity assisted
Respiratory pump - vacuum/pressure
Skeletal muscle pump

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6
Q

What is normal blood pressure reading

A

120/80

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7
Q

Explain term portal circulation

A

Venous blood passes from digestive system, spleen, pancreas > liver.
Known as hepatic first pass

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8
Q

What does HDL stand for

Role in body

A

High density lipoprotein
Carries cholesterol from tissues to liver
‘Good cholesterol’

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9
Q

Definition of shock

A

Reduction in circulating volume, BP and cardiac output resulting in hypoxia of tissues

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10
Q

What is hypovolaemic shock

A

Blood volume reduced by 15-25%

Blood or liquid could have been lost

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11
Q

4 common symptoms of shock

A 
Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Faint/weak/nausea
Dizziness
Cold/clammy skin
Rapid shallow breathing
Cyanosis
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12
Q

What is atherona

A

Build up fatty deposits/ldl cholesterol
Oxidisation of cholesterol
Development of fibrous cap

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13
Q

2 complications atheroma

A

Thrombosis
Haemorrhage

Or angina, intermittent claudication

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14
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Systemic stiffening/hardening arteries
Progressive degeneration arterial walls
Artery walls fibrous, calcified
Loss elasticity especially large/medium arteries increases systolic BP

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15
Q

What is key difference between angina pain and MI pain

A

Angina eases on rest MI DOESNT

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16
Q

Pathophysiogy MI

A

Occlusion blood supply to the heart, = hypoxia then tissue necrosis
Cause - atherosclerosis, embolism

17
Q

4 symptoms of MI

A

Severe chest pain more than 20 mins NOT IMPROVING on rest
Dyspnoea syncope fatigue
Feeling of impending doom
Pale clammy skin

18
Q

2 types stroke and difference

A

Ischaemic - most common. Occlusion of BV to brain results in hypoxia
Haemorrhagic BV in brain ruptures causing brain damage

19
Q

What is TIA

A

Transient ischeamic attack

Caused by microembolism in brain

20
Q

What is aneurysm

A

Swelling of artery due to weakness in wall

21
Q

3 factors may dispose you to DVT

A

REDUCED BLOOD FLOW
CHANGES IN BLOOD
DAMAGE TO BV WALL

22
Q

What is complication of DVT

A

Pulmonary embolism

23
Q

What cause varicose veins

A

Incompetent valves in vein

24
Q

1 poss cause oesophageal varies

A

Portal hypertension - liver cirrhosis

Right sided heart failure

25
Q

What is advises

A

Accumulation fluid peritoneal cavity

26
Q

Give 3 complications hypertension

A 
Retinal bleeding
Cerebral oedema
Renal disease
Aneurysm
Left ventricle failure - lung congestion
Right ventricle failure - oedema 
Stroke
27
Q

1 cause 1 symptom right sided heart failure

A

Increased vascular resistance in lungs
Back pressure from L side of heart
Previous MI

Systemic oedema, ascites

28
Q

What does stenosis

A

Narrowing of an orifice

29
Q

What does tachycardia mean

A

Fast heart rate over 100

30
Q

What is endocarditis

A

Inflammation inner layer of heart - endocardium, most commonly affecting heart valves

31
Q

4 symptoms of endocarditis

A 
Fever/chills
New heart murmur
Fatigue
Aching joints/muscles
Night sweats
Shortness breath
Paleness
Persistent cough
Oedema - feet, legs, abdomen
Weight loss
Blood in urine
Tender spleen
Oslers nodes
Petechia
32
Q

Describe chest pain pericarditis what makes it better/worse

A

Chest pain radiating to back
Better sitting up forward
Worse lying down/breathing deeply

33
Q

1 complication pericarditis

A

Constructive pericarditis- becomes rigid, stops heart working properly
Cardiac tamponade too much fluid collects pericardium, stops heart working properly

34
Q

2 key differences structure arteries veins

A

Veins thinner walls, bigger lumen, valves

35
Q

what are anastomoses

A

Arteries linking main arteries - provide collateral circulation

36
Q

2 differences capillaries sinusoids

A

Sinusoids wider larger pores

37
Q

Which blood vessels are mainly responsible for providing resistance to flow of blood

A

Arteriolar

38
Q

Where is endocardium

A

Lining inside heart

39
Q

Which side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood

A

Right

Cardiovascular 1 (15 decks)

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