Revision Quiz 1

Question 0

What is serum

Answer 0

Plasma from which clotting factors have been removed

Question 1

5 functions of the blood

Answer 1

02 to tissues
Nutrients from digestive tract to cells, then to organs for elimination
Disperses heat
Hormones to their target
Antibodies to site of infection
Clotting factors to fix any leaks

Question 2

3 functions of plasma proteins

Answer 2

Maintain osmotic pressure of blood
Albumin - carrier, maintain osmotic pressure
Globulins - immunoglobulins, transport of hormones and salts, inactivation of enzymes
Clotting factors - coagulation of blood

Question 3

Where are blood cells made

Answer 3

In red bone marrow

From pluripotent stem cells

Question 4

What 2 structural features of erythrocytes maximise their oxygen carrying ability?

Answer 4

Bio concave- large surface area

No nucleus - more room for oxygen

Question 5

Which 2 vitamins are needed for red blood cell maturation

Answer 5

Vit B12, folic acid b9

Question 6

What is the name of the hormone that controls red blood cell production and where is it produced

Answer 6

Erythropoietin

Kidneys

Question 7

Give 1 function of spleen

Answer 7

Haemolysis of old/damaged RBC’s

Graveyard of RBC’s

Question 8

Which blood group is the universal donor

Answer 8

0-

Question 9

Which blood group is universal recipient

Answer 9

AB+

Question 10

Which granulocyte is phagocytic and is part of the pus

Answer 10

Neutrophil

Question 11

Which type of white blood cell fights parasites

Answer 11

Eosinophils

Question 12

What is the role of basophils and mast cells in the immune system

Answer 12

Inflammations - secrete heparin and histamine
Basophils in blood
Mast cells in tissue

Question 13

Which type of white blood cell learns to respond to antigens

Answer 13

Lymphocytes

Question 14

What are the 4 stages of cardiovascular homeostasis

Answer 14

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation (positive feedback)
Coagulation
Fibriolysis

Question 15

Describe vasoconstriction in homeostasis

Answer 15

Platelets adhere to damaged wall, release seratonin (which makes platelets stickier and calls more platelets to the clotting site), constricts vessel

Question 16

Which vitamin is important for making certain clotting factors

Answer 16

K

Question 17

Give 5 common anaemia symptoms

Answer 17

Tachycardia & thin thready pulse
Palpitations
Shortness of breath on exertion
Fainting
Tiredness, fatigue
Irritability
Pallor

Question 18

What do RBC’s look like in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 18

Hypochromic

Microcytic

Question 19

What causes megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 19

B12 or folic acid deficiency

Question 20

What is the role of intrinsic factor

Answer 20

AIDS absorption of B12

Question 21

What does pancytopenia mean

Answer 21

Low numbers of all blood cells

Question 22

Give ex of a haemolytic anaemia

Explain what causes it

Answer 22

Haemolytic disease of the newborn
Antibodies produced by mother usually with Rhesus factor incompatibility
Sensitisation with first baby, attacking baby 2 + subsequent children
Sickle cell
Inherited abnormality of haemoglobin makes deoxygenated RBC’s sickle shaped
Leads to low numbers of RBC’s as cells die within 20 days
Increased risk of thrombus formation
More common in Africans

Question 23

Why does haemolysis occur in malaria

Answer 23

Parasite matures in RBC’s which enlarge and eventually rupture, releasing next gen of parasites

Question 24

5 symptoms of leukaemia

Answer 24

General feeling of illness
Anaemia - pallor
SOB
easy bruising
Fever
Fatigue
Weight loss
Slow growth

Question 25

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 25

Low no’s of platelets

Question 26

What is cause of haemophilia

Answer 26

Genetic causing deficiency of clotting factors

X linked recessive