Revision Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is serum
Plasma from which clotting factors have been removed
5 functions of the blood
02 to tissues Nutrients from digestive tract to cells, then to organs for elimination Disperses heat Hormones to their target Antibodies to site of infection Clotting factors to fix any leaks
3 functions of plasma proteins
Maintain osmotic pressure of blood
Albumin - carrier, maintain osmotic pressure
Globulins - immunoglobulins, transport of hormones and salts, inactivation of enzymes
Clotting factors - coagulation of blood
Where are blood cells made
In red bone marrow
From pluripotent stem cells
What 2 structural features of erythrocytes maximise their oxygen carrying ability?
Bio concave- large surface area
No nucleus - more room for oxygen
Which 2 vitamins are needed for red blood cell maturation
Vit B12, folic acid b9
What is the name of the hormone that controls red blood cell production and where is it produced
Erythropoietin
Kidneys
Give 1 function of spleen
Haemolysis of old/damaged RBC’s
Graveyard of RBC’s
Which blood group is the universal donor
0-
Which blood group is universal recipient
AB+
Which granulocyte is phagocytic and is part of the pus
Neutrophil
Which type of white blood cell fights parasites
Eosinophils
What is the role of basophils and mast cells in the immune system
Inflammations - secrete heparin and histamine
Basophils in blood
Mast cells in tissue
Which type of white blood cell learns to respond to antigens
Lymphocytes
What are the 4 stages of cardiovascular homeostasis
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation (positive feedback)
Coagulation
Fibriolysis
Describe vasoconstriction in homeostasis
Platelets adhere to damaged wall, release seratonin (which makes platelets stickier and calls more platelets to the clotting site), constricts vessel
Which vitamin is important for making certain clotting factors
K
Give 5 common anaemia symptoms
Tachycardia & thin thready pulse Palpitations Shortness of breath on exertion Fainting Tiredness, fatigue Irritability Pallor
What do RBC’s look like in iron deficiency anaemia
Hypochromic
Microcytic
What causes megaloblastic anaemia
B12 or folic acid deficiency
What is the role of intrinsic factor
AIDS absorption of B12
What does pancytopenia mean
Low numbers of all blood cells
Give ex of a haemolytic anaemia
Explain what causes it
Haemolytic disease of the newborn
Antibodies produced by mother usually with Rhesus factor incompatibility
Sensitisation with first baby, attacking baby 2 + subsequent children
Sickle cell
Inherited abnormality of haemoglobin makes deoxygenated RBC’s sickle shaped
Leads to low numbers of RBC’s as cells die within 20 days
Increased risk of thrombus formation
More common in Africans
Why does haemolysis occur in malaria
Parasite matures in RBC’s which enlarge and eventually rupture, releasing next gen of parasites
5 symptoms of leukaemia
General feeling of illness Anaemia - pallor SOB easy bruising Fever Fatigue Weight loss Slow growth
What is thrombocytopenia
Low no’s of platelets
What is cause of haemophilia
Genetic causing deficiency of clotting factors
X linked recessive
