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Cardiovascular 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

How thick are capillaries

A

1 cell thick!

Just big enough for 1 red blood cell

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1
Q

2 types circulation

A

Systemic - entire body

Pulmonary - lungs

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2
Q

How does the body even out the pressure from the pump (heart)

A

Aorta expands then contracts

Evens out blood pressure

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3
Q

What acts as a huge pump to help return blood to heart

Known as

A

Gastrocnemius

Venal return

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4
Q

Which blood vessels transport oxygenated blood and are depicted in red

A

Arteries & arterioles

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5
Q

Which blood vessels are blue and transport deoxygenated blood

A

Veins & venues

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6
Q

Function of arteries/arterioles

A

Oxygenated blood AWAY from heart to body
Exception - pulmonary & umbilical arteries
Blood under high pressure

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7
Q

Function of veins & venues

A

Transport deoxygenated blood back TO heart
Exception - pulmonary & umbilical veins oxygen rich
Blood under low pressure

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8
Q

Why do old people have swollen ankles

A

No pumps in feet, venal return not good as usually inactive & dehydrated. Valves in veins fail, blood stagnates, doesn’t flow back…..

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9
Q

Role of capillaries

A

Small vessels connecting arterioles & venules

Where substances are exchanged between blood cells & tissues

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10
Q

Most tissues have more than 1 —- supply

A

Blood

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11
Q

Where blood vessels merge is called a

A

Anastomosis

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12
Q

What can continue to provide blood supply of circulation to tissue ceases?

A

Collateral circulation

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13
Q

What happens if an artery or vein is cut

A

Artery spurts - high pressure
Vein collapses - low pressure
Veins more fragile

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14
Q

What are 3 layers of veins/arteries called

A 
Tunica externa (outer)
Tunica media (middle(
Tunica interna
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15
Q

Do all veins contain valves

A

No some

Esp those in limbs

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16
Q

Composition of tunica externa, media & interna in both veins & arteries

A

Externa - fibrous tissue, elastic & collagen fibres
Media - smooth muscle controls BV diameter by vasoconstriction/dilation
Elastic fibres allow recoil
Interna - basement membrane & endothelium in contact with blood

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17
Q

Structural difference between vein & artery

A

Arteries thicker than veins, particularly middle layer of smooth muscle/elastic tissue
Thickest layer of vein is externa, but still all thinner than artery

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18
Q

Describe recoil of artery facilitated by smooth muscle & elastic fibres in tunica media

A

Expands & snaps back

Pushes blood forward

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19
Q

Which vitamin is v important for collagen

A

C

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20
Q

What is a lumen

A

The ‘hole’ in the middle of a vein/ artery

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21
Q

Difference between lumen of vein/artery

A

Larger in vein

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22
Q

What happens if artery constricted

A

Blood pressure goes up

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23
Q

What causes vascular dementia

A

Furring of carotid artery

Lack of blood/O2 to brain

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24
Q

2 types veins

A

Deep

Superficial

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25
Q

What is the only layer of capillaries

A

Endothelial

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26
Q

What does the unique 1 layered structure of capillaries allow

A

Partly permeable

Transport of gases across blood/cells etc

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27
Q

Which blood vessel transports blood to brain

A

L & R carotid arteries

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28
Q

Which blood vessel feeds the arm

A

Subclavian artery

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29
Q

Which is main BV into leg

A

Femoral artery

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30
Q

Which are main veins of neck

A

Internal/external jugular veins

31
Q

Which is body’s main artery

A

Aorta

32
Q

Which are main veins going in/out of heart

A

Superior/inferior vena cava

33
Q

Which BVs take deoxygenated blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

34
Q

2 main branches of sorts

A

Arch of and descending

35
Q

Main vein from leg

A

Femoral vein

36
Q

Body’s main vein - 2 parts

A

Inferior/superior vena cava

37
Q

Main BV to arm

A

Bronchial arteries

38
Q

Body’s primary detoxification organ

A

Liver

39
Q

Ex fat soluble vitamins

A

A
E
D

40
Q

Ex water soluble vitamins

A

B
C
(Pee out)

41
Q

What is big vein in liver

A

Portal vein

42
Q

Which organs empty directly into portal vein

A

Digestive system
Spleen
Pancreas

43
Q

Come back to

A

Hepatic first pass

Portal circulation

44
Q

What do all blood vessels have apart from capillaries

A

Smooth muscle

Influenced by autonomic nervous system

45
Q

What influence do 2 parts of nervous system have on BV’s

A

Sympathetic - vasoconstriction

Parasympathetic- little influence

46
Q

What does dilation do to blood pressure

A

Reduces it

47
Q

What does construction do to blood pressure

A

Increases it

48
Q

Why does sympathetic NS cause vasoconstriction

A

Fight flight

To pump things around fast

49
Q

Which substances are exchanged at capillary level and how

A

Water - osmosis
Nutrients- facilitated diffusion/active transport
Gases - diffusion (internal respiration)

50
Q

How big is your heart

A

As big as your fist

51
Q

How many times does it beat each day/in a lifetime

A

100,000 per day

2.5 billion in lifetime

52
Q

How many gallons of blood will the heart pump through how many miles of blood vessels

A

100,000 million gallons of blood

60,000 miles blood vessels

53
Q

Location of heart

A

Mediastinum in thoracic cavity

54
Q

Apex of heart where

A

5th intercostal space

55
Q

4 layers of heart

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

56
Q

Define pericardium

A

Thin double layered sac encloses heart

Serous fluid in between

57
Q

Describe epicardium

A

Contains blood lymphatic vessels

58
Q

Describe myocardium

A

Main cardiac muscle

Pumps heart

59
Q

Describe endocardium

A

Endothelium- smooth surface for heart chambers

60
Q

Why is serous fluid in pericardium important

A

Lubricates constantly rubbing surfaces

Heart constantly moving

61
Q

Movement of blood between atrium, centrioles, lungs and body

A 
From lungs to
L atrium to
L ventricle to
The body to
R atrium to
R ventricle
To lungs
To
L atrium
62
Q

How is the R/L of the heart when looking at a diagram

A

reversed

63
Q

Right atrium - what type blood, from where, to where

A

DEOXYGENATED

from Vena Cava to Right Ventricle

64
Q

Right Ventricle - type blood, from where to where VIA

A

DEOXYGENATED
from R Atrium to Lungs for oxygenation
VIA pulmonary arteries

65
Q

Left atrium - type blood, from where to where

A

Oxygenated

From Lungs via pulmonary veins to Left ventricle

66
Q

left ventricle - type blood from where to where

A

From left atrium
oxygenated
round body

67
Q

how much blood is taken out of left ventricle to supply heart

A

5%

68
Q

Compare muscle thickness in L&R Atriums & Ventricles

A

Ventricles thicker than atria

L ventricle thicker than R

69
Q

Which are the only red veins in the body as oxygenated

A

pulmonary

70
Q

Name 4 heart valves - bi/tricuspid

A

Mitral - Bicuspid
Tricuspid
Aortic - Tri
Pulmonary - Tri

71
Q

Where is mitral Valve

A

Biscupid, between left atrium and left ventricle

72
Q

where is Aortic valve

A

tricuspid - between left ventricle and aorta

73
Q

where is tricuspid valve

A

tricuspid - between right ventricle & right atrium

74
Q

where is pulmonary valve

A

tricuspid - between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

75
Q

Unique structure of Myocardium

A

autorythmic smooth cardiac muscle
involuntary
intercalating discs

76
Q

What type of BV would they use for a coronary bypass and why

A

Vein - more replaceable, lesser side effects than using an artery

Cardiovascular 1 (15 decks)

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