practice exams Flashcards
intravascular clot that stays in location NOT mobile
thrombus
plasma without clotting factors
serum
blood clotting
haemopoiesis
rapid resting heart rate > 100 min
tachycardia
low numbers of all blood cells
pancytopenia
blood cell which promotes inflammation, contains heparin & histamine, found in BLOOD
basophils
blood cell which is small, non-nucleated cell fragments involved in blood clotting
platelets
most numerous white blood cell,
1st to migrate to infection site,
forms part of pus
neutrophil
blood cell learns to respond to antigens, produces antibodies
B-lymphocyte
this blood cell contains haemoglobin, caries oxygen
erythrocyte
group B blood can only be donated to people to people with group B blood T/F
F
mother with blood group AB+ will have problems when she has babies from a blood group O- father T/F
F - the baby will
group A+ blood can be donated to someone with blood group AB+ T/F
True
Blood group O- is the universal donor T/F
T
the blood group antigens are presented on the erythrocyte surface T/F
T
T/F - following symptoms found in pernicious anaemia: Rash Enlarged red tongue palpitations tingling, burning sensations spoon shaped nails
rash - F Enlarged tongue - T palpitations - T tingling burning - T spoon nails - F
clotting may be reduced/inhibited in
congenital haemophiliacs
yes
clotting may be reduced/inhibited in
leukaemia
yes
clotting may be reduced/inhibited in
aplastic anaemia
yes
clotting may be reduced/inhibited in
polycythaemia
no
clotting may be reduced/inhibited in
individuals on warfarin
yes
some veins have valves T/F
T
Veins always carry deoxygenated blood T/F
F
arteries have thinner walls than veins t/f
F
skeletal muscle contraction aids venous return T/F
T
the large arteries are mainly responsible for controlling BP T/F
F
left side of heart pumps blood to body T/F
T
valve between left atrium and left ventricle is called mitral T/F
T
right ventricle has thicker wall than left ventricle t/f
f
inner lining of heart called pericardium t/f
f
left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood
t
heart is autorythmic t/f
t
sympathetic nervous stimulation decreases heart rate t/f
f
atrioventricular node responsible for initiating hearts beat, pacemaker t/f
f
impulses travel from av node to sinoatrial node t/f
f
purkinje fibres transmit impulse through atria t/f
f
angina pain gets worse on rest t/f
f
leg oedema is a typical symptom of LEFT sided chronic heart failure
F
high BP can cause CHRONIC left sided heart failure
Y
incompetent valves in veins may result in varicose veins
y
chest pain radiating to the back and relieved by sitting up forward and worsened by lying down is typical of pericarditis
true
which blood cells eliminate parasites, migrate due to allergic reaction, phagocytosis and chemotaxis
eosinophils
t/f the systolic BP depends on elasticity of arterial walls
true
the diastolic pressure depends mainly on cardiac output
false
what is haemarthrosis
bleeding into joints
led oedema is a typical symptom for R sided heart failure T/f
true
breathing problems worse at night when lying flat are typical for rIGHT sided heart failure T/F
F
enlargement of the heart in the elderly, non sporty person is a healthy compensation mechanism
false
in a MI nitro-glycerine will bring gradual relief
no!
can right-sided heart failure lead to oesophageal varices
yes
arrhythmia means
ANY disorder in heart rate/rythmn
stenosis means
narrowing of opening
aneurysm means
local dilations of aerieries/weakness of vessel wall
thrombus means
intravascular blood clot
haemolysis means
destruction of red blood cells
3 causes hypoxia
high altitude,
excessive haemolysis
excessive blood loss
3 types haemolytic anaemia
sickle cell
thalasseamia
haemolytic disease of newborn
causes of hypplastic/aplastic anaemia
bone marrow dysfunction cancer chemo radiation renal
symptoms hypoplastic/aplastic anaemia
pancytopenia
infection
bleeding
…..c heart failure
symptoms of haemolytic anaemias
jaundice gallstones large spleen slow growth infections vascular occlusions
DVT cause and complications
Cause - micro-embolism
Complications - pulmonary embolism
most common cause of ascites
cirrhosis 81%
other causes cirrhosis
heart failure
cancer
constrictive pericarditis
difference between ischaemia and hypoxia
ischaemia causes hypoxia
blood cut off from tissues - oxygen cut off from tissues
