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Cardiovascular 1 > Leukocytes & Thrombocytes > Flashcards

Leukocytes & Thrombocytes Flashcards

1
Q

leukocytes account for what % of blood volume

A

1%

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2
Q

Leukocytes defend body from what

A

microbes - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

foreign particles

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3
Q

do leukocytes have nuclei

A

yes

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4
Q

2 types leukocytes

A

granulocytes - granules in cytoplasm

agranulocytes - no granules in cytoplasm

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5
Q

2 types agranular leukocytes

A

lymphocytes - (t cells, b cells, NK cells)

monocytes

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6
Q

3 types granular leukocytes

A

basophils
neutrophils
eosinophils

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7
Q

basophils in tissue are known as

A

mast cells

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8
Q

basophils in blood known as

A

basophils

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9
Q

are basophils/mast cells chemotaxic

A

no

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10
Q

function basophils/mast cells

A

release histamine/heparin cause inflammation

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11
Q

primary function of neutrophils

A

phagocytosis of bacteria/fungi

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12
Q

how do neutrophils die

A

forming part of pus found in infections

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13
Q

are neutrophils chemotaxic

A

yes

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14
Q

which organelle inside neutrophils digests microbes

A

lysosomes

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15
Q

which leukocytes are the paramedics - 1st to migrate to site of infection within an hour

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

if there are lots of this type of leukocyte in the blood it is a good indicator that there are parasites present

A

eosinophils

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17
Q

2 primary functions eosinophils

A

eliminate parasites via phagocytosis

promote inflammation

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18
Q

which are predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

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19
Q

which two granulocytes operate via phagocytosis and are chemotaxic

A

netrophils

eosinophils

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20
Q

are eosinophils chemotaxic

A

yes

21
Q

conditions basophils/mast cells involved in

A 
ulcerative colitis
drug/food hypersensitivity
diabetes
infection - chicken pox
iron deficiency
some forms leukaemia/lymphoma
site of exoparasitic infection - tivks
22
Q

conditions neutrophils involved in

A 
strenuous exercise
microbial infection
tissue damage
metabolic disorders
leukaemia
heavy smoking
oral contraceptive pill
23
Q

conditions eosinophils involved in

A 
allergic/atopic asthma
hay fever/hives
drug allergy
atopic eczema
parasitic infections
systemic auto-immune conditions
hodgkins/non-hodgkins lymphoma
24
Q

difference between monocytes/macrophages

A

monocytes in blood macrophages in tissue

25
Q

primary function monocytes/macrophages

A

inflammation & repair
phagocytosis - cellular debris/pathogens
isolate pathogens
activation of other immune cells via antigen presentation

26
Q

mode of action monocytes/macrophages -

A

phagocytosis, chemotaxis

27
Q

primary function lymphocytes

A

B & T, & NK (natural killer) cells, abundant in blood & lymphatic tissue - provide acquired immunity/specific response to pathogenic antigens

28
Q

definition pathogenic

A

capable causing disease

29
Q

mode of action lymphocytes

A

B cells antibody formation activates immune response

T & NK cells kill abnormal/invading cells/pathogens

30
Q

shape of platelets/thrombocytes

A

small, non-nucleated discs

31
Q

blood clotting known as

A

haemostasis

32
Q

what type of granules do platelets contain

A

STORAGE that hold proteins and adhesion molecules such as CLOTTING FACTORS

33
Q

Ex of different clotting factors

A 
Von willebrand factor
fibrinogen
calcium
serotonin
ADP/ATP
growth factors
34
Q

what happens to the platelets/thrombocytes when ACTIVATED

A

release contents of STORAGE GRANULES to initiate CLOTTING then HEALING

35
Q

platelet activation also initiates production of

A

THROMBOXANE - potent VASOCONSTRICTOR which activates other thrombocytes/platelets for platelet aggregation

36
Q

4 main stages blood clotting

A

vasoconstriction
platelet plug formation
coagulation
fibrinolysis

37
Q

describe vasoconstriction in blood clotting process

A

exposure of collagen in endothelium
thromboxane release
vascular spasm
platelet aggregation

38
Q

describe platelet plug formation in blood clotting process (positive feedback)

A

ACTIVATED platelets adhere to damaged wall

release SEROTONIN & BINDING PROTEINS = make stickier and attract more

39
Q

describe coagulation in blood clotting process

A

clotting factors form clot

fibrin - long sticky protein forms mesh - erythrocytes get stuck in mesh and clot forms

40
Q

describe fibrinolysis in blood clotting process

A

clot breakdown

blood clots reorganised & resorbed by action of enzyme called PLASMIN

41
Q

What is the natural anti-coagulant produced by the body

A

Heparin

42
Q

which are the most popular two anti-coagulant medicines

A

warfarin

aspirin

43
Q

4 anticoagulant herbs

A

ginkgo
garlic
ginger
turmeric

44
Q

3 anticoagulant nutrients

A

vit E, EFAs vit K

45
Q

where do humans get vit K from

A

dark green veg, tomatoes

made by gut bacteria

46
Q

difference antigen and pathogen

A

pathogen - any micro-organism that might cause disease

antigens usually found on surface of pathogen - foreign molecule triggers immune system to produce antibodies

47
Q

monocyte in tissue is called

A

macrophage

48
Q

a potent vasoconstrictor activated by platelets/thrombocytes

A

thromboxane

49
Q

what is plasmin

A

an enzyme which deactivates clotting factors

Cardiovascular 1 (15 decks)

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