Leukocytes & Thrombocytes Flashcards
leukocytes account for what % of blood volume
1%
Leukocytes defend body from what
microbes - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
foreign particles
do leukocytes have nuclei
yes
2 types leukocytes
granulocytes - granules in cytoplasm
agranulocytes - no granules in cytoplasm
2 types agranular leukocytes
lymphocytes - (t cells, b cells, NK cells)
monocytes
3 types granular leukocytes
basophils
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils in tissue are known as
mast cells
basophils in blood known as
basophils
are basophils/mast cells chemotaxic
no
function basophils/mast cells
release histamine/heparin cause inflammation
primary function of neutrophils
phagocytosis of bacteria/fungi
how do neutrophils die
forming part of pus found in infections
are neutrophils chemotaxic
yes
which organelle inside neutrophils digests microbes
lysosomes
which leukocytes are the paramedics - 1st to migrate to site of infection within an hour
neutrophils
if there are lots of this type of leukocyte in the blood it is a good indicator that there are parasites present
eosinophils
2 primary functions eosinophils
eliminate parasites via phagocytosis
promote inflammation
which are predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions
eosinophils
which two granulocytes operate via phagocytosis and are chemotaxic
netrophils
eosinophils
are eosinophils chemotaxic
yes
conditions basophils/mast cells involved in
ulcerative colitis drug/food hypersensitivity diabetes infection - chicken pox iron deficiency some forms leukaemia/lymphoma site of exoparasitic infection - tivks
conditions neutrophils involved in
strenuous exercise microbial infection tissue damage metabolic disorders leukaemia heavy smoking oral contraceptive pill
conditions eosinophils involved in
allergic/atopic asthma hay fever/hives drug allergy atopic eczema parasitic infections systemic auto-immune conditions hodgkins/non-hodgkins lymphoma
difference between monocytes/macrophages
monocytes in blood macrophages in tissue
primary function monocytes/macrophages
inflammation & repair
phagocytosis - cellular debris/pathogens
isolate pathogens
activation of other immune cells via antigen presentation
mode of action monocytes/macrophages -
phagocytosis, chemotaxis
primary function lymphocytes
B & T, & NK (natural killer) cells, abundant in blood & lymphatic tissue - provide acquired immunity/specific response to pathogenic antigens
definition pathogenic
capable causing disease
mode of action lymphocytes
B cells antibody formation activates immune response
T & NK cells kill abnormal/invading cells/pathogens
shape of platelets/thrombocytes
small, non-nucleated discs
blood clotting known as
haemostasis
what type of granules do platelets contain
STORAGE that hold proteins and adhesion molecules such as CLOTTING FACTORS
Ex of different clotting factors
Von willebrand factor fibrinogen calcium serotonin ADP/ATP growth factors
what happens to the platelets/thrombocytes when ACTIVATED
release contents of STORAGE GRANULES to initiate CLOTTING then HEALING
platelet activation also initiates production of
THROMBOXANE - potent VASOCONSTRICTOR which activates other thrombocytes/platelets for platelet aggregation
4 main stages blood clotting
vasoconstriction
platelet plug formation
coagulation
fibrinolysis
describe vasoconstriction in blood clotting process
exposure of collagen in endothelium
thromboxane release
vascular spasm
platelet aggregation
describe platelet plug formation in blood clotting process (positive feedback)
ACTIVATED platelets adhere to damaged wall
release SEROTONIN & BINDING PROTEINS = make stickier and attract more
describe coagulation in blood clotting process
clotting factors form clot
fibrin - long sticky protein forms mesh - erythrocytes get stuck in mesh and clot forms
describe fibrinolysis in blood clotting process
clot breakdown
blood clots reorganised & resorbed by action of enzyme called PLASMIN
What is the natural anti-coagulant produced by the body
Heparin
which are the most popular two anti-coagulant medicines
warfarin
aspirin
4 anticoagulant herbs
ginkgo
garlic
ginger
turmeric
3 anticoagulant nutrients
vit E, EFAs vit K
where do humans get vit K from
dark green veg, tomatoes
made by gut bacteria
difference antigen and pathogen
pathogen - any micro-organism that might cause disease
antigens usually found on surface of pathogen - foreign molecule triggers immune system to produce antibodies
monocyte in tissue is called
macrophage
a potent vasoconstrictor activated by platelets/thrombocytes
thromboxane
what is plasmin
an enzyme which deactivates clotting factors
