Reviewer #6 Flashcards
Idiopathic cause is defined as?
Unknown cause
Spitting of blood
Hemoptysis
Proper position for Lobectomy
Unaffected side
Proper position for Pneumonectomy
Affected side
Spitting of blood
Hemoptysis
Most common chronic disease of the childhood
Asthma
Swelling of the membranes that line the airways
Mucosal Edema
Contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle that encircles the airway
Bronchospasm
A chronic, irreversible abnormal permanent dilation of the bronchi and bronchus resulting to destruction of muscular and elastic tissue of alveoli
Bronchiectasis
Prescribe for patient with reactive airway ease, may also assist with secretion management
Bronchodilators
GERD meaning
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Severe, persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy.
Status Asthmaticus
Reversible inflammation lung condition due to hypersensitivity leading to narrowing of the smaller airway
Bronchial Asthma
Strongest factor for the development of asthma
Allergy
Also called as remodeling, which occurs as a response to chronic inflammation
Airway membrane fibrosis
Three most common syptoms of asthma
Cough, Dyspnea, and Wheezing
More common in children and is relatively common to have a secondary bacterial pneumonia as a direct result of a primary viral infection
Viral Pneumonia
Form of atypical bronchopneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria
Legionnaires Disease
Pneumonia that typically involves an entire lobe of a lung
Lobar pneumonia
Characterized by patchy consolidation, involves dependent portion of lung tissue
Bronchopneumonia
Inflammatory process usually involves the interstitium; alveolar walls and connective tissue supporting bronchial tree
Interstitial Pneumonia
Primary seen in people who are extremely immunocompromised, the infection spreads to the lungs via bloodstream
Miliary pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Pneumonia
Inflammatory process in the lung tissue that predisposes patients for microbial invasion
Pneumonitis
Occurs in either the community setting or within the first 48 hours of hospitalization
Community acquired pneumonia
Known as Nosocomial Pneumonia, onset of symptoms happen after 48 hours after hospitalization
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway
Aspiration pneumonia
Includes Pneumocystis pneumonia, Fungal pneumonia, Mycobacterium tubercilosis
Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host
Local area of necrosis and pus formation within the lung itself
Lung abscess
Accumulation of purulent exudate in the pleural cavity
Empyema
Spread of infection to other tissues
Bacteremia
Trait of a bacteria
Territorial
2 types of bronchodilator
- Anticholinergic
- Sympathomimetic
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Pleural effusion
Happens due to problem with pressure or fluid balance in the body
Transudative pleural effusion
More about inflammation or damage
Exudative pleural effusion
Pus in the pleural cavity
Empyema
Mixture of blood and fluid in the lungs
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion
Procedure where fluid is removed from the lung with a needle
Thoracentesis
Pathognomonic sign of pleural effusion
Diminished breath sounds
Adhesion of the parietal and visceral pleura
Pleurodesis
3 types of pneumothorax
- Traumatic
- Tension
- Spontaneous
Complication caused by a medical intervention
Iatrogenic cause
Unknown cause
Idopathic cause
3 common symptoms of pneumothorax
- Collapsed lung
- Sharp chest pain
- Dysphagia
Air filled bleb tend to form in the apices of the lung
Primary pneumothorax
The cause of primary pneumothorax is?
Idiopathic
Rupture of an alveolus
Secondary pneumothorax
More serious and life threatening
Secondary pneumothorax
Woman within 24 to 48 hours of onset of menstrual cycle is affected
Catamenial Pneumothorax
Catamenial pneumothorax is usually associated with?
COPD
Blunt or penetrating trauma
Traumatic pneumothorax
Blunt trauma
Closed pneumothorax
Penetrating chest trauma
Open pneumothorax
Due to medical intervention pneumothorax
Iatrogenic pneumothorax
Injury allows air to enter the pleural space but prevents it from escaping
Tension pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax is classified as
Medical emergency
Truma is displaced towards unaffected side
Mediastinal shift
Effective tool in pneumothorax
Chest xray
Surgery of choice in pneumothorax
Thoracostomy
Mixture of air and blood in the lungs
Hemopneumothorax
Chronic recurrent infection disease that usually affects the lungs
Tuberculosis
TB is caused by?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What increases M. Tuberculosis resistance to destruction,m
It’s waxy outer capsule
If TB affects the other organs, it’s called?
Extra pulmonary TB
TB seen in thr young
Primary (Ghon) complex
Calcification of lesions
Ghon’s Circle
TB in the bone
Pott’s disease
Previously healed lesions may be reactivated
Reactivation TB
Classic sign of TB
Low grade afternoon fever and night sweats
Tuberculine test for TB is called?
Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)
Confirmatory test for TB
Acid-Fast Bacilli Teating
TB that is resistance to RIPES?
MDR-TB
Since MDR-TB is resistant to RIPES the medication used is?
Vancomycin
Collapsed lung
Atelectasis
Atelectasis is not a disease but?
A condition
Primary therapy in atelectasis
Prevention
Position of atelectasis
Unaffected side to promote gravity drainage
No exposure, No infection
Class 0
Exposure, No infection
Class 1
Infection, No disease (+PPD) but no clinical evidence of active TB
Class 2
Disease, Clinically active
Class 3
Disease, Not clinically active
Class 4
Suspected disease, Diagnosis pending
Class 5
Suspected disease, Diagnosis pending
Class 5
Most safest medication in TB
Isoniazid
Pneumonia caused by a fungus
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia or Pneumocystis Jiroveci
PCP is common in people with?
AIDS
Rarely cause disease except in immunocompromised people.
Aspergillosis
