Reviewer #4

Question 1

Is a condition in which the flow air pauses or decreases during breathing while an individual is asleep because the airway has become narrowed, blocked, or floppy

Answer 1

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Question 2

The most common type of sleep disordered breathing breathing and is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep

Answer 2

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Question 3

What happens to all the body’s muscle when you sleep?

Answer 3

They all relax

Question 4

A condition where the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw

Answer 4

Retrognathia

Question 5

How does retrognathia cause OSA?

Answer 5

The airway may be narrow and constricted

Question 6

How does palate shape cause OSA?

Answer 6

It may cause the airway to be more narrow and collapse easily

Question 7

How do large tonsils and adenoids cause OSA?

Answer 7

They can block the airway

Question 8

How does a large tongue cause OSA?

Answer 8

They may fall back and block the airway

Question 9

Why does snoring happen in sleep apnea?

Answer 9

Due to air escaping from a much narrowed airway

Question 10

Cardinal symptoms of OSA (3S)

Answer 10

S - Sleepiness
S - Snoring
S - Significant other report

Question 11

Best treatment for Mild OSA?

Answer 11

Avoidance and Prevention

Question 12

A surgery that removes excess tissue at the back of the throat. Has not been proven to clearly get rid of OSA.

Answer 12

UvuloPalatoPharyngoPlasty (UPPP)

Question 13

Surgeries that remove tonsils and adenoids often cures the condition in children.

Answer 13

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

Question 14

Surgeries that remove tonsils and adenoids often cures the condition in children.

Answer 14

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

Question 15

A surgery done to create an opening in the windpipe to bypass the blocked airway if there are physical problems.

Answer 15

Tracheostomy

Question 16

A situation in which a portion of the rib cage is separated from the rest of the chest wall

Answer 16

Flail Chest

Question 17

How does a flail chest typically happen

Answer 17

It occurs when 3 or more ribs are broken, leading to rib cage instability and resulting in a pulmonary emergency.

Question 18

Pathognomonic sign of Flail Chest

Answer 18

Paradoxical chest movement

Question 19

Affected area draws in when the patient breathes in and the rest of the chest expands, and the affected area moves outward as the patient exhales and rest of the chest contract

Answer 19

Paradoxical chest movement

Question 20

How does flail chest cause pneumonia?

Answer 20

The presence of pain reduces tidal volume and may suppress the cough reflex, leading to atelectasis and pneumonia.

Question 21

How does flail chest cause pulmonary contusion or bruising?

Answer 21

The injured rib may hit the lungs and cause trauma

Question 22

How does flail chest cause pneumothorax?

Answer 22

When the rib punctures the lung, it may cause air to enter the pleural space

Question 23

Metal rods placed inside the body to support the thoracic cavity and it tends to be permanent are called?

Answer 23

Internal fixtures

Question 24

They are placed on the outside of the body and will be removed once the bone has healed are called

Answer 24

External fixtures

Question 25

Accumulation of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse.

Answer 25

Pneumothorax

Question 26

Accumulation of blood in the pleural space, which can occur due to trauma or injur

Answer 26

Hemothorax

Question 27

Accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the pleural space, often due to damage to the thoracic duct

Answer 27

Chylothorax

Question 28

Accumulation of fluid other than blood or chyle in the pleural space, which can be due to conditions like congestive heart failure.

Answer 28

Hydrothorax

Question 29

Increases pressure in your throat so your airway does not collapse when you breathe in

Answer 29

Continues Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)