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Micro 🦠 > Retroviruses > Flashcards

Retroviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme (RT) ?

A

Conversion single strand RNA to double strand DNA

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2
Q

What is the function of integrase enzyme?

A

intgrate host DNA

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3
Q

What is the feature of Retroviridae family ?

A

Large , enveloped , ss RNA

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4
Q

What is the primary target of HIV ?

A

CD4 + TH cells

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5
Q

What is the genes of HIV amd what is the function of them ?

A

1- gag gene encodes the core proteins
2- pol gene encodes the enzymes
3- env gene code the envelope glycoproteins, it
mutates rapidly resulting in many antigenic
variants.

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6
Q

What is the surface amd transmembrane of HIV ?

A

Surface gp120 and transmembrane gp41.

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7
Q

What is the major antigen of HIV ?

A

Gp120

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8
Q

What is the In ternal Structures of HIV ?

A

1- two identical copies of a ssRNA (diploid)
2- Internal structural proteins : P24 , p17
3- Enzymes : Reverse transcriptase , Integrase, Protease

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9
Q

What is the most abundant core protein ?

A

P24

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10
Q

What is the protein that lines the inner surface of

viral membrane ?

A

p17

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11
Q

What is the function of Reverse transcriptase ?

A

It converts the ss RNAs into ds DNA copies

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12
Q

What is the function of Integrase ?

A

It inserts the DNA version into the host cell chromosome to form the provirus.

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13
Q

What is the function of Protease ?

A

It cleaves encoded polyproteins.

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14
Q

Hhat is the Mode of Transmission of HIV ?

A

1- Sexual route
2- Blood or blood product route
3- Mother-to-child route

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15
Q

HIV infection also targets a subset of CD4-

positive cells called ?

A

Th17 cells

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16
Q

What is the cells are an important mediator of

mucosal immunity, especially in the GIT ?

A

Th17 cells

17
Q

What is the function of Th17 cells ?

A

produce interleukin-17, which attracts neutrophils to the site of bacterial infection.

18
Q

What is the main site of ongoing HIV infection ?

A

Lymphoid tissue ( lymph nodes )

19
Q

What is the co-receptor that effected by HIV ?

A

1- CXCR4

2- CCR5

20
Q

What is the co-receptor on macrophages and monocytes ?

A

CCR5

21
Q

Patients without co-receptor can not affected by HIV ?

A

Tru

22
Q

What is the Incubation period of HIV ?

A

2-6 weeks

23
Q

Acute Infection of HIV is the ?

A

most infectious phase

24
Q

Primary HIV infection is followed by a ?

A

burst of viremia

25
Q

HIV disseminates widely through the body to many
regions including lymphoid and nervous tissue and the
virus is easily detected in blood.

A

True

Micro 🦠 (41 decks)

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