Retroviruses Flashcards
What is the function of Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme (RT) ?
Conversion single strand RNA to double strand DNA
What is the function of integrase enzyme?
intgrate host DNA
What is the feature of Retroviridae family ?
Large , enveloped , ss RNA
What is the primary target of HIV ?
CD4 + TH cells
What is the genes of HIV amd what is the function of them ?
1- gag gene encodes the core proteins
2- pol gene encodes the enzymes
3- env gene code the envelope glycoproteins, it
mutates rapidly resulting in many antigenic
variants.
What is the surface amd transmembrane of HIV ?
Surface gp120 and transmembrane gp41.
What is the major antigen of HIV ?
Gp120
What is the In ternal Structures of HIV ?
1- two identical copies of a ssRNA (diploid)
2- Internal structural proteins : P24 , p17
3- Enzymes : Reverse transcriptase , Integrase, Protease
What is the most abundant core protein ?
P24
What is the protein that lines the inner surface of
viral membrane ?
p17
What is the function of Reverse transcriptase ?
It converts the ss RNAs into ds DNA copies
What is the function of Integrase ?
It inserts the DNA version into the host cell chromosome to form the provirus.
What is the function of Protease ?
It cleaves encoded polyproteins.
Hhat is the Mode of Transmission of HIV ?
1- Sexual route
2- Blood or blood product route
3- Mother-to-child route
HIV infection also targets a subset of CD4-
positive cells called ?
Th17 cells
What is the cells are an important mediator of
mucosal immunity, especially in the GIT ?
Th17 cells
What is the function of Th17 cells ?
produce interleukin-17, which attracts neutrophils to the site of bacterial infection.
What is the main site of ongoing HIV infection ?
Lymphoid tissue ( lymph nodes )
What is the co-receptor that effected by HIV ?
1- CXCR4
2- CCR5
What is the co-receptor on macrophages and monocytes ?
CCR5
Patients without co-receptor can not affected by HIV ?
Tru
What is the Incubation period of HIV ?
2-6 weeks
Acute Infection of HIV is the ?
most infectious phase
Primary HIV infection is followed by a ?
burst of viremia
