Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
What is DPLD?
Diffused Parenchymal Lung Disease i.e. ILD
Lung parenchyma
Portion of the lung involved in gas transfer (alveoli, alveolar ducts and bronchioles)
What are the main causes of DPLD? (8)
- Fluid in alveolar air spaces
- Consolidation of alveolar air spaces
- Inflamed infiltrated of alveolar walls
- Drugs and toxins
- Carcinogens
- Eosinophilic type I/III reactions
- Autoimmune
2 causes of fluid in alveolar spaces
Increased pulmonary venous pressure (Cardiac LVF) Leaky capillaries (ARDS)
2 causes of consolidation of alveolar spaces
Pneumonia
Infarction - PE or vasculitis
2 causes of inflammation of alveolar walls
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis - farmer’s lung, bird fanciers lung
Sarcoidosis
Siderosis
Iron
Stanosis
Tin
Baritosis
Barium
Toxic gas which causes alveolitis?
Chlorine
Clinica presentation
SoB on exertion Cough - no wheeze Clubbing Lung crackles Central cyanosis
Treatment - 1st line
Systemic corticosteroids - oral prednisolone
Treatment - 2nd line
Oral azathioprine or anti-fibrotic agent
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is sarcoidosis?
Type 4
Is sarcoidosis more or less common in smokers?
Less
CXR in sarcoidosis?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
What can be given for chronic sarcoidosis?
Oral steroids
Immunosupression
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Type 3
What is another name for extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Hypersensitive pneumonitis
Give examples of extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Farmer’s lung
Coal workers lung
Mushroom workers lung
Pigeon fancier’s lung
Treatment for acute EAA?
Oxygen, steroid and avoidance
Where does EAA most likely effect and why?
Upper lobes as there are ventilated more frequently
What is the most common type of ILD?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Is IPF an inflammatory disease?
No
