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Respiratory (Own) > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment in mild intermittent asthma?

A

SABA - short acting B2-adenoceptor antagonist

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2
Q

Give an example of a SABA

A

Salbutamol

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3
Q

How does a SABA work?

A

binds to B2-adenoceptors preventing constriction and encouraging relaxation

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4
Q

What is the second step in the treatment of asthma?

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

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5
Q

When is a corticosteroid used?

A

Second step - when a SABA is needed more than once a day

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6
Q

Give an example of an inhaled corticosteroid

A

Beclometasone

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7
Q

How do inhaled corticosteroids work?

A

activated receptors assemble and bind to glucocorticoid response elements in the premotor region of specific genes

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8
Q

What are the side effects of SABAs?

A

Fine tremor is the main one

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9
Q

What are the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Thrush and hoarseness of voice

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10
Q

What is the thirst step in asthma treatment?

A

LABA - Long acting B2 agonist

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11
Q

Give an example of a LABA used in asthma

A

Salmeterol

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12
Q

How do LABAs work?

A

Binds to B2-adrenoreceptors preventing constriction and encouraging relaxation

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13
Q

What should a LABA always be prescribed with?

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

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14
Q

What can be used for antigen induced or exercise induced bronchospasm in the long term in asthma?

A

Leukotrine receptor antagonists

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15
Q

Give an example of a leyukotrine receptor antagonist

A

Montelukast

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16
Q

How do leyukotrine receptor antagonists work?

A

Work competitively at the CysT1 receptors

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17
Q

What can be added on to step three asthma therapy if still not controlled with the addition of a LABA?

A

Oral theophylline

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18
Q

What are the side effects of oral theophylline?

A

dysrhythmias, hypotension, seizures, nausea, vomiting

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19
Q

What is the fifth step in the treatment of asthma?

A

Oral glucocorticoid and referral to a specialist

20
Q

Give an example of an oral glucocorticoid

A

Prednisolone

21
Q

How do oral glucocorticoids work?

A

Decrease the number of eosinophils by apoptosis

22
Q

What should be given for general, stable COPD?

A

SAMAs - Short acting muscarinic antagonists

LABAs

23
Q

Give an example of a SAMA

A

Ipratropium

24
Q

How do SAMAs work?

A

Relax bronchospasm caused by stimulants and cause bronchodilatation by blocking ACh

25
Q

What are the potential side effects of SAMAs?

A

Urinary problems - increased urgency

26
Q

What should be given to those who have mild/moderate COPD but are symptomatic?

A

LAMA - Long acting Muscarinic antagonist

SABA

27
Q

Give an example of a LAMA?

A

Tiotropium

28
Q

How do LAMAs work?

A

Blocks M3 - relaxation of bronchospasm caused by irritants and causes bronchodilation due to ACh block

29
Q

Give an example of a LABA used in COPD

A

Formoterol

30
Q

What are the side effects of LAMAs?

A

Dry mouth, constipation, stomach upset

31
Q

what is the preferred palliative treatment options in COPD?

A

LAMA/SAMA

32
Q

When is an ultra-LABA used?

A

COPD only

33
Q

What is used for severe COPD?

A

LABA + corticosteroid

or Tiotropium

34
Q

What drug is used in LABA + corticosteroid treatment?

A

Symbicort

35
Q

What is symbicort made up of?

A

Budesomide and formoterol

36
Q

What is used for very sever COPD?

A

Tiotropium + Inhaled corticosteroid + LABA

Specialist referral

37
Q

What treatment is given to those who have COPD and pulmonary hypertension

A

Long term O2 therapy and treat oedema with diuretics

38
Q

What is used to treat bronchiectasis?

A

Antibiotics

39
Q

What should be considered if a patient has more than three bronchiectasis exacerbations in one year?

A

Long term antibiotics e.g. nebuliser gentamicin, colomycin

40
Q

What is given to a newborn with ARDS?

A

Surfactants

41
Q

Give an example of a surfactant

A

beractant or poractant alpha

42
Q

What treatments can be give to patients with a Pulmonary embolism?

A

Anticoagulants

Fibrynolytics

43
Q

Give examples of anticoagulants

A

Heparin and warfarin

44
Q

Give examples of fibrinolytics

A

Rivaroxiban, streptokinase

45
Q

What is the first line treatment for chronic sarcoidosis?

A

Systemic corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone

46
Q

What is the second line treatment for chronic sarcoidosis?

A

Immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine

47
Q

What treatment is given for rhinitis and rhinorrhoea?

A

Antihistamines e.g. piriteze

Respiratory (Own) (18 decks)

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