Obstructive Airway Disease Flashcards
3 components of asthma
- Reversible airflow obstruction
- Hypersensitivity
- Inflammation
What do TH2 cells produce?
IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13
What is the primary component of asthma?
Eosinophils
Which drugs are often triggers for asthma?
B-blockers or NSAIDs
Where does obstructive disease occur?
Airways
What does asthma respond well to?
Corticosteroids and bronchodilators
Is gas exchange effected by asthma?
No
2 components of COPD
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Alveolar wall destruction
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucus membrane in the bronchial tube
What does smoking do to the airways?
- Mucocilliary dysfunction
- Inflammation
- Tissue damage
ACOS
Asthma/COPD overlapping syndrome = COPD with eosinophilic involvement and a degree of reversibility
High risk COPD patient
2 or more exacerbations in under a year or an FEV1 <50% predicted value
Effects of COPD (COPD cascade)
Progressive airflow obstruction
Impaired alveolar gas exchange
Respiratory failure
Cor Pumonale
What is obstructive airway syndrome?
Asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
What is the primary component of COPD?
Neutrophils
What do neutrophils secrete?
Proteases
How should ICS’s be used in COPD?
As a combined therapy - ICS/LABA
When are chromones used?
Asthma
What do leukotrienes work on?
Eosinophils
What does SMART stand for?
Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy
Give an example of a smart inhaler (ICS/LABA)
Fluticasone/salmeterol
When should PDE4 inhibitors be used?
In COPD to reduce exacerbations - use with LABA or LAMA
Example of mucolytics
Oral carbocistine, erosteine
Acute asthma treatment
Oxygen Salbutamol novelised Hydrocortisone IV or oral prednisone Ipratropium nebuliser Theophylline Methylxanthine - aminophylline Anaesthetist
COPD Treatment
SAMA
SAMA + LAMA
SAMA + LAMA = ICS
Acute COPD treatment
Nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium
Oral prednisolone
Antibiotics
Physio to aid sputum regurgitation
