Restrictive (interstitial) Lung Diseases Flashcards
What is the lung interstitium
The connective tissue space around the airways and vessels and is between the basement membranes of the alveolar wall
Features of Restrictive Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease (4)
Reduced lung compliance
Low FEV1 and Low FVC but ratio is normal
Reduced gas transfer
Ventilation/Perfusion imbalance
Presentation of Diffuse Lung Disease (4)
Abnormal CXR
SOB on rest and exertion
Type 1 respiratory failure
Heart failure
Chronic Response (3)
Usual interstitial pneumonitis
Granulomatous
Fibrosis
Diffuse Alveolar Damage is Associated with (8)
Major Trauma Chemical injury.toxic inhalation Circulatory shock Drugs Infection Autoimmune disease Radiation Idiopathic
Evolution of DAD (4)
Exudate stage
Oedema and hyaline membrane thickening
Proliferative stage
Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis
Histological features of DAD (7)
Protein rich oedema Fibrin Hyaline membranes Denuded BM Epithelial proliferation Fibroblast proliferation Scarring of interstitium and airspaces
What is Sarcoidosis
A multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology
Histopathology of Sarcoidosis (4)
Epitheloid and giant cell granulomas
Necrosis/caseation very unusual
Little lymphoid infiltrate
Variable associated fibrosis
Who does Sarcoidosis normally effect (3)
Young people
F>M
People in temperature climates
Presentation of Sarcoidosis
Acute arthralgia Erythema nodosum Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy SOB Cough
Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Clinical findings Imagine findings Serum Ca++ and ACE Bx Kveim test Tuberculin test
Causes of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (4)
Thermophilic actinomycetes
Bird/Animal proteins- faeces, bloom
Fungi
Chemicals
Thermophilic actinomycetes (2)
Micropolyspora faeni
Thermoactinmycetes vulgaris
Acute presentation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (7)
Fever Dry cough Myalgia Chills (4-9 hours) Crackles, tachypnoea Wheeze Precipitating Ab
