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Respiratory System > Developmental Aspects of Lung Disease > Flashcards

Developmental Aspects of Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

When is extra-uterine life possible

A

Canalicular
Saccular
Alveolar

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2
Q

What are the 5 stages of lung morphogenesis

A 
Embryonic
Pseudoglandular
Canalicular
Saccular
Alveolar
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3
Q

Features of embryonic

A

Lung buds from ventral wall of foregut

Larynx and primitive trachea emerge and branch off

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4
Q

Features of Pseudoglandular

A

Bronchi, bronchioles and acinar
Primitive trachea with no air sacs
All cells are metabolically active

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5
Q

Features of Canalicular

A 
Bronchioles
Increasing number of capillaries
Cuboidal and alveolar epithelium development
Epithelium cells flatten
Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
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6
Q

Features of Saccular

A

Alveolar ducts and air sacs are developed

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7
Q

Features of Alveolar

A

Secondary separation

Increase in number and size of capillaries and alveoli

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8
Q

In postnatal lung what occurs

A

Alveoli separation and development continues

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9
Q

Airway stenosis

A

Narrowing

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10
Q

Airway Malacia

A

Floppiness

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11
Q

Pulmonary aggenesis/hypoplasia

A

long not formed at all/fully formed

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12
Q

What are the common congenital anomalies

A

Tracheo-bronchomalacia

Pulmonary Adenomatoid

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13
Q

Symptoms of Tracheo-bronchomalcia

A

Barking/seal like cough
Recurrent croup
Breathless on exertion

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14
Q

Management of Tracheo-bronchomalacia

A

Airway clearance physio
Antibiotics
Avoid asthma treatment
Natural history resolution with time

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15
Q

Symptoms of Pulmonary Adenomatoid

A

Problem in development that causes one of the lobes to contain a group of fluid or air-filled spaces (cysts) rather than lung tissue

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16
Q

Management of Pulmonary Adenomatoid

A

May resolve spontaneously in utero
Conservative manangement if asymptomatic
Possible risk of malignant change

17
Q

Diaphragmatic Abnormalities

A 
Hernia
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Persistent pulmonary hypertension
Abnormal opening in the diaphragm
Eventration
18
Q

Functional changes in Lung at birth

A

change from fluid secretion to fluid absorption
Transient tachypnoea of new born
associated with c-section
resolves within 24-48 hours

19
Q

When does surfactant pneumocytes appear

A

12-14 weeks

20
Q

What does surfactant deficiency cause

A

Hyaline membrane disease (RDS)

21
Q

What are the treatments for RDS

A

Antenatal glucocorticoids
Surfactant replacement
Supportive

22
Q

Chronic Neonatal Lung Disease

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

23
Q

What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

damage to lungs caused by mechnical ventilation (resipirator) and long-term use of oxygen

24
Q

Aetiology of Chronic Neonatal disease

A

Antenatal infection
Barotrauma/oxygen toxicity
Patent ductus arteriosus
Genetic

25
Q

Antenatal causes of lung disease

A

in utero nictoine exposure
Foetal infection
Maternal nutrition
Low birth weight/prematurity and requiring steroids

26
Q

Post-natal causes of lung disease

A 
Infection (Barker hypothesis)
Growth
Environmental tobacco smoke
Environmental pollution
Micronutrients/vitamins
Gene-environment interactions
27
Q

What is the definition of remodelling

A

Alteration of structure following an external influence

28
Q

Symptoms of pre-natal nicotine exposure (6)

A 
Lung hypoplasia
Reduced alveolarisation
Reduced lung function (smaller airways)
Increased incidence of wheeze syndromes
Increased susceptibility to infections
Interference of inter-cellular signalling
29
Q

Symptoms of asthma (4)

A

Increased bronchial responsiveness
Increase mucous secretions
Airway oedema
Airway narrowing

30
Q

Symptoms of Chronic New Born Lung Disease

A

Chronic inflammation
Interference inter-cellular signalling
Treatment toxicity
Areas where the gas trapping occurs has increased opacification

31
Q

How is pulmonary function tracked from early life into adulthood

A

Fletcher-Peto Curve

Respiratory System (30 decks)

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