Clinical Features of COPD Flashcards
1
Q
What organ is responsible for the production of AAT
A
Liver
2
Q
What is the function of AAT
A
Limits damage caused by activated neutrophils releasing elastase in response to infection or cigarette smoke
3
Q
Initial presentation (8)
A
SOB Recurrent chest infections Ongoing cough Wheeze Productive cough Weight loss Fatigue Ankle swelling (if causing heart failure)
4
Q
Clinical features on examination (8)
A
Cyanosis Raised JVP Cachexia (weakness and wasting of body) Hyperinflated lungs Pursed lip breathing Use of accessory muscles Wheeze Peripheral oedema
5
Q
Diagnosis (5)
A
>35 years old Risk factor (smoking or occupation) Presence of typical symptoms Absence of clinical features of asthma Airflow obstruction confirmed by post-bronchodilator spirometry
6
Q
Stage 1 Spirometry
A
FEV1 80%
7
Q
Stage 2 Spirometry
A
FEV1 50-79%
8
Q
Stage 3 Spirometry
A
FEV1 30-49%
9
Q
Stage 4 Spirometry
A
FEV1 less than 30%
10
Q
How can you measure hyperinflation
A
Residual volume/Total lung capacity >30%
11
Q
Radiology features (5)
A
Signet ring sign Honeycombing Traction bronchieactasis Lung cysts Centrilobular emphysema
12
Q
Treatment for secondary care
A
Oxygen Nebulised bronchodilator B2 and antimuscarinic Oral/IV corticosteroid Aminophylline
13
Q
Mechanism of B2 agonist
A
Relaxation of lung smooth muscle
14
Q
Mechanism of antimuscarinic
A
Inhibition of mucocilary secretion to dilate airways
15
Q
Type 1 Respiratory failure
A
Hypoxemic low PO2
