Restorative Art Exam 2 Flashcards by Trakesha Byrd

The comparative size of the length of the nose to the width of the nose as indicated by its bony skeleton

nasal index

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Three Anthropoidal Classifications:

Leptorrhine
Mesorrhine
Platyrrhine

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a nose that is fairly long in length, narrow in its width, considered to be high bridged. Has A LOT OF PROJECTION to it, usually has indication on Western European

Leptorrhine

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the nose is moderate in length and width, medium broad, medium low bridged. It DOESN’T HAVE MUCH PROJECTION. This classification is attributed to the Asian community

Mesorrhine

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nose is shorter in length is more broad and has MINIMUM PROJECTION. This classification is seen in African Americans

Platyrrhine

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the nose of the white race; is prominent at the bridge

Leptorrine

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the nose of the yellow race; is intermediate between the other two classifications

Mesorrhine

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the nose of the black race; it has minimum projection at the bridge and is broad and short

Platyrrhine

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From the root to tip there are three (3) basic forms of nasal profiles. What are they?

Straight (Greek)
Convex (Roman)
Concave (infinite, snub, retroussé)

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the most common nasal profile type. The anterior ridge is straight from root to tip

Straight (Greek)

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nasal profile with a hump in its linear form; sometimes called hook or aquiline. Resembles the beak of an eagle

Convex (Roman)

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depressed nasal profile type, surface from root to tip,

dips concavely. “Pug nose.” You are able to see into the nostrils of the deceased.

Concave (infantine, snub, retrousse)

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paired bones inferior to the glabella, forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity

nasal bones

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the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

nasal cavity

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The sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity. This indicates the boney length of the nose

nasal spine

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major cartilage of the nose

septum
superior lateral cartilage
inferior lateral cartilage

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the vertical cartilage, divides nasal cavity into two chambers; not the same thing as the columna nasi; retreat into nasal cavity and goes into depth of nasal cavity; attaches to the vomer bone, gives almost all of the projection of the inferior portion of the nose

septum (1)

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meets with nasal bones

Superior lateral cartilage (2)

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Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

vomer

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the anterior protruding ridge (or anterior ridge) of the nose from root to tip, it is composed of the bridge.

dorsum

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the dorsum is composed of : (3)

root
bridge
protruding lobe (tip)

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part of the dorsum; the apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the nose, which lies directly inferior to the forehead. The concave dip below the forehead

Root

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part of the dorsum; spanning two areas; the dome over the nasal cavity, greatest projection point and formed by the nasal bones

bridge

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the spherical area forming the inferior part of the dorsum and the adjoining wings and columna nasi, it includes the tip of the nose (the termination of the forward projection of the nose)

protruding lobe (tip)

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Lateral lobes of the nose. The widest part of the nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and the anterior nares.

Wings

the tiny superficial portion between the nostrils most inferior part of the nose, the external portion of the septum. Widest at its base; sometimes bent on one side

Columna nasi

the external nostril openings. Located in the posterior base of the nose

Anterior nares

the lateral walls of the nose between the wings and the bridge

sides

the base of the nose is comprised of four areas. What are they?

1. Underside of protruding lobe 2. inferior margins of the wings of the nose 3. columna nasi 4. the nostrils (anterior nares)

scroll shaped bones that are on the side walls of the nasal cavity; have no effect on surface form

Inferior nasal concha

a state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position. Nose may be twisted from its normal alignment by cancer of the cheek, by superficial pressure or by fractures

Nasal distortion

treatment for nasal distortion by cancer

sutures

treatment for nasal distortion by superficial pressure

mortuary putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other packing materials light massage

treatment for nasal distortion by fracture

external manipulation back into position | packing nasal cavity, mortuary putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other packing materials

This may be the result of a feeding tube, endotracheal tube or other medical device that was in the nares for an extended length of time

erosion of nasal tissue

treatment of erosion of nasal tissue

start with clean firm and dry tissue excise necrotic tissue use wax if necessary

The cavity in which mastication takes place. The beginning of the alimentary canal. The lower 1/3 of the face

Mouth

The postmortem adjustment of the jaws and lips greatly effects

the general appearance of the face

boundaries of the mouth

bound laterally by the nasolabial folds, base of the nose to top of the chin

when setting features, what is the rule of thumb for closing the mouth?

leave the thickness of a dime in between teeth

Projection of the jaw, or jaws beyond the upper part of the face

Prognathism

5 types of prognathism

``` maxillary mandibular dental alveolar infranasal ```

type of prognathism: the superior jaw protrudes

maxillary

type of prognathism: the inferior jaw protrudes

mandible

type of prognathism: oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth protrude

Dental – (buck teeth)

type of prognathism: sockets of the teeth are inclined

Alveolar

type of prognathism: base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally; affects upper lip area, the maxilla has fullness

 Infranasal

the area between the base of the nose and the superior margin of the superior mucous membrane. The skin portion of the upper lip

Superior integumentary lip

the area between the inferior margin of the inferior mucous membrane and the mental eminence. The skin portion of the lower lip

Inferior integumentary lip

the visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining membrane of body cavities that open to the exterior.

Mucous membrane

the upper margin has the shape of the classic hunting bow. The medial lobe is found in the center of the membrane. Narrows laterally as it disappears before reaching the end of the line closure. Contains two high peaks slightly off center on either side of a sipping curve

Superior mucous membrane or upper lip

thicker than the superior mucous membrane. Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane

Inferior mucous membrane

the line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes. The area where adhesive is applied to keep lips closed. The exposed are may appear to be lighter in color

Weather line

the tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane

Medial lobe

the line that forms between the two mucous membranes when the mouth is closed and the lips come in contact with each other. Usually located at the lower border of the upper teeth. Has shape of the classic hunting bow

Line of closure

the vertical groove located on the superior integumentary lip. The width form, and depth are different from person to person. Natural facial marking

Philtrum

the groove at the end of the line of closure

Angulus oris sulcus

convex prominence. Important for natural expression

Angulus oris eminence

fine vertical lines located on the mucous membrane

Vertical lines of the mucous membrane

the vertical furrows on the lip extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips. Acquired facial marking, also called the furrow of age

Labial sulci

MOUTH RESTORATIONS (go over page 54)!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Which techniques can be utilized to change expression?

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Prognathism (buckteeth) - Options? - Allow some teeth to show or close lips completely Know ALL suggestions and how to achieve them

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Absence of teeth

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Cementing lips

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The organ of vision, which occupies the anterior part of the orbital cavity.

eye

The orbital cavity is simply ________. It is about _____ inches deep

the eye socket | 1 1/2

Margins of the orbital cavity

1. Frontal bone 2. Zygomatic bone 3. Maxilla

orbital margins

superior lateral inferior medial

The eyebrow is influenced by

The superior margin

Lateral rim of the eye Formed by extensions of both the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone Forms a concave dip Lies on the head Posterior to the medial rim due to the bilateral curvature if the skull

Zygomaticofrontal process

The lower (inferior) rim is created chiefly by

the maxilla and zygomatic bone

External convexity of the eyeball is increased by the

Cornea

Eyeball rest where

Anterior two-thirds of the socket | It rests in the anterior in fat and muscle within the orbit

Upper eyelid

Superior palpebral

Lower eyelid

Inferior palpebral

Eyelids are called

Palpebrae

Eyelid is called

Palpebra

Eyelids are what shape

Almond

The lateral corners of the eyelids are situated

posterior and inferior to the inner corners

Vertically the upper lid is _____ times larger than the lower

This is wider than the lower eyelid horizontally

Superior palpebra

The greatest projection of the eyelid is

Medically off center

The line of closure is located where

In the inferior one third of the orbital cavity

Eyelashes are called

Cilia

Eyebrow

Supercilium

Hair growth of the eyebrows

Obliquely upward and outward

Slightly superior to the median ends of the eyebrows

Superciliary arch (2)

A convex area between the supercilium and the superior palpebra

Supraorbital area

Concave area above the medial portion of the superior palpebra

Naso-orbital fossa