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Trakesha's 4th Quarter > Chemistry Exam 4 > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

an organic compound containing one or more –CHO groups. R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen

A

Aldehydes

R-CHO

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2
Q

functional group of the aldehydes

A

carbonyl

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3
Q

a double bond of oxygen to an end carbon

A

carbonyl

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4
Q

partial oxidation of a primary alcohol will form

A

an aldehyde

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5
Q

an alcohol deprived of hydrogen

A

aldehyde

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6
Q

general formula for aldehyde

A

R-CHO

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7
Q

an aldehyde is always located where?

A

on an end carbon

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8
Q

the first member of the aldehyde family

A

Methanal

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9
Q

common name for Methanal

A

formaldehyde

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10
Q

partial oxidation of carbon

A

Methanal

formaldehyde

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11
Q

line formula for Methanal

A

HCHO

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12
Q

preparation of Methanal

A

aldehydes are always produced by a partial oxidation of a primary alcohol

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13
Q

properties of Methanal

A

(a) Colorless gas
(b) Irritating odor-pungent
(c) Soluble in water (combines with it to form methylene glycol)
(d) Oxidized to formic acid (common name), methanoic acid (IUPAC)
(e) Polymerization to paraformaldehyde solid form of formaldehyde.
The ability of a substance to form long chains (polymers) of the same basic chemical unit.
(f) Neutralization with ammonia (NH3) forming a salt - urotropin.
(g) Index - the number of grams of formaldehyde gas dissolved in a
100 ml of solution. Expressed as a whole number.

			Lowest	8	jaundice
			Highest	36
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14
Q

Uses of formaldehyde

A

(a) Disinfectant
(b) Preservative – components of embalming solutions that are used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids. They also retard or inhibit decomposition, destroy odor and eliminate their formation and inactivate enzymes

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15
Q

aqueous solution- (water mixture of formaldehyde gas and water)

A

formalin

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16
Q

The saturation point of formaldehyde

A

37% by weight

40% by volume

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17
Q

common name acetaldehyde (2nd member of the aldehyde family)

A

Ethanal

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18
Q

perfuming agent

A

Benzaldehyde

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19
Q

organic compounds that contain two carbonyl groups. At least one has to be located on an end carbon

A

Dialdehydes

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20
Q

two types of dialdehydes

A

(1) Glyoxal – IUPAC name ethanedial

(2) Glutaraldehyde – IUPAC 1, 5 - pentanedial

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21
Q

A better disinfectant but not as good as a preservative - larger molecule
Most common aldehyde

A

Glutaraldehyde – IUPAC 1, 5 - pentanedial

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22
Q

class of organic compounds in which the functional group (carbonyl) is/are attached to non- end carbon. Ketones are organic compounds always formed by the partial oxidation of a secondary alcohol.

A

ketones

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23
Q

The minimum number of atoms to form a ketone

A

3

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24
Q

The suffix of all ketones

A

one

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25
Q

general formula for ketones

A

R-CO-R prime

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26
Q

member of the ketones

A

Propanone (IUPAC)

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27
Q

common names for the ketone Propanone

A

dimethyl ketone or acetone (common names) – solvent

nail polish remover

28
Q
  • family of organic compound which contain a carboxyl group off an end carbon
A

Carboxylic acids (organic acids)

29
Q

general formula for Carboxylic acids (organic acids)

A

R-COOH

30
Q

two members of the Carboxylic acids (organic acids)

A

methanoic acid

ethanoic acid

31
Q

common name for methanoic acid

A

formic acid

32
Q

formed by the partial oxidation of formaldehyde. Active ingredient in bee stings or fire ant bites. (Made from Methanal)

A

methanoic acid

33
Q

active ingredient in vinegar. (Made from Ethanal

A

ethanoic acid

34
Q

common name for ethanoic acid

A

acetic acid

35
Q

a family of organic compounds formed in the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid

A

esters

36
Q

general formula for esters

A

R-COOR-R prime

37
Q

two member of esters

A

ethyl acetate

methyl acetate

38
Q

the IUPAC ending for any ester

A

ate

39
Q

a member of the ester family, used in disinfectant sprays like Di-San

A

Ethyl acetate

40
Q

a member of the ester family; its most famous use is as a masking agent, specially fumeless or odorless cavity fluids

A

Methyl salicylate

41
Q

common name for Methyl salicylate

A

oil of wintergreen

42
Q

a new class or family of organic compound formed by the reaction between two alcohols

A

ethers

43
Q

general formula for ethers

A

R-O-R prime

44
Q

the IUPAC suffix ending for ether

A

ether

45
Q

a member of the ether family

A

diethyl ether

46
Q

common name for diethyl ether

A

ether

anesthetic

47
Q

the first family or class of organic compound which introduce the presence of the element nitrogen into the makeup of the organic compound. 2nd definition: Compounds formed from ammonia, by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with organic radicals

A

amines

48
Q

ALL Amines must have the presence of one

A

nitrogen

49
Q

general formula for the amines

A

R-NH2

50
Q

the IUPAC suffix ending for amines

A

ine

51
Q

examples of amines

A

putrecine and cadaverine
methyl amine
quats

52
Q

the functional group of amines and is represented by NH2

A

amino

53
Q

Properties of Amines

A

(1) Alkaline in solution. (pH reading above 7)
(2) Disagreeable odor
(3) Decomposition products of protein

54
Q

reaction with formaldehyde will be neautralized by

A

amines

55
Q

Commonly called the Quats; Surface active agents used for disinfection of the skin, oral and nasal cavities, and instruments. Examples: Benzalkonium chloride / Zephrian chloride.

A

quaternary ammonium compounds

56
Q

Definition 1: organic compounds formed by the neutralization of an organic acid with ammonia. Definition 2: any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl group for hydrogen, or from any acid by replacing the hydroxyl group by an amino group.

A

amides

57
Q

general formula for the amides

A

R-CONH-R prime

R dash Connor

58
Q

the IUPAC suffix ending for the amides

A

ide

59
Q

an amide; used as a solvent and is also a hazardous chemical

A

diethyl formamide

60
Q

this is listed with the amides, it is produced by body cells

A

urea

61
Q

organic compounds similar to an alcohol, in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group has replaced by a sulfur atom

A

Thioalcohols (Mercaptans)

62
Q

the general formula for the thioalchols (mercaptans)

A

R-SH

63
Q

the name of the functional group SH

A

sulfhydral

64
Q

examples of mercaptans

A

distinct odor in urine caused by increased ingestion of asparagus
ethyl maercaptan- a tracer gas so you notice a gas leak

65
Q

DON’T FORGET TO GO OVER THE WORD EQUATIONS
YOU NEED TO KNOW THEM LIKE THE BACK OF YOUR HAND.

YOU WILL SEE THESE IN TRUE FALSE FORM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Trakesha's 4th Quarter (20 decks)

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