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Trakesha's 4th Quarter > Chemistry Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of compounds which contain carbon

A

organic chemistry

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2
Q

Comparison between organic (with element Carbon) and inorganic compounds.

A

In organic compounds the molecules are large.
All organic chemistry uses covalent bonding (sharing of electrons)
In chemical reactions of organic elements, the reaction is generally between molecules.
Organic chemistry occurs relatively slowly
Organic compounds are flammable
Major Classes of Organic compounds - for testing purposes – there are at least 10.

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3
Q

how many valence electrons does carbon contain in its outermost shell?

A

4

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4
Q

properties of carbon

A

combining capacity of 4 bonds
carbon-to-carbon
isomerism
allotropism

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5
Q

there are 4 basic elements with which carbon atoms will bond; one of those HAS to be a carbon atom. The other bonds will include _________, __________, and ________

A

oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen

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6
Q

every organic compound contains a minimum of ____ of carbon

A

one atom

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7
Q

carbon atoms will only share __, ___, or ___ atoms when bonding

A

1,2,3

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8
Q

every carbon atom has to have at least ___ bonds

A

4

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9
Q

the maximum number of bonds any carbon atom can share with another carbon atom is ___, they will never share ____ ____

A

3

all 4

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10
Q

All carbon atoms have a total of 4 bonds, it will only share a maximum of 4 with another carbon atom. This is what is known as a

A

triple bond

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11
Q

the concept that organic compounds that have the same molecular formulas, but different structural formulas.

A

isomerism (isomers)

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12
Q

the ability of an element, such as carbon, to exist in one or more distinct forms

A

allotropism

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13
Q

what are the 5 formulas in organic chemistry

A 
molecular
structural
line
general 
typed
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14
Q

e.g. CH20 - a chemical formula that expresses the total number of atoms of the different elements making up a compound. This is the simplest type of a chemical formula

A

Molecular

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15
Q

a chemical formula shows the spatial arrangement of how the bonds are formed

A

Structural

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16
Q

e.g. H3 CH2 COH - a chemical formula written on a single line to conserve space

A

Line

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17
Q

R-C00H - a chemical formula that represents a specific class or family of organic compounds

A

General

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18
Q

At a minimum, a general formula will consist of two parts: what are they?

A

1) Represented by the capital letter R - radical.
In organic chemistry, a radical is a variable length chain of carbon atoms that has lost a Hydrogen.
2) The functional group -the part that makes it a unique member to that group of compounds.

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19
Q

an expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons

A

Typed

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20
Q

R-OH

A

Alcohol

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21
Q

R-CHO

A

Aldehyde

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22
Q

R-COOH

Cooh group

A

Organic acid

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23
Q

R-CO-R1 (pronounced R prime)

R core

A

Ketone

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24
Q

R-COO-R1 r coor

coors light beer with an s

A

Ester

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25
Q

R-O-R1

Roar the ether bunny

A

Ether

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26
Q

R-NH2

A

Amine

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27
Q

R-X

A

Alkyl halide

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28
Q

example of alcohol

A

hydroxyl

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29
Q

the most common ketone

A

dimethyl ketone

acetone nail polish remover

30
Q

the x in the alkyl halide represents

A

that there is at least one atom of a halogen (salt former)

31
Q

two most famous members of the alkyl halide

A

trichloromethane (chloroform) and tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)

32
Q

Represented by the capital letter R; A variable length chain of carbon atoms that has lost a Hydrogen

A

radical

33
Q

the simplest of the organic compounds that only consist of two elements - hydrogen and carbon

A

Hydrocarbons

34
Q

hydrocarbons which only possess single bonds between the carbon atoms in that compound’s longest chain.

A

Saturated

35
Q

the family of saturated hydrocarbons which only contain a single bond present between carbon atom and the longest chain

A

Alkanes

36
Q

typed formula for alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

37
Q

examples of alkanes

A

Methane (marsh or swamp gas)
Ethane (natural gas)
Propane (bar-b-q gas)

38
Q

An alkane which has lost one of its hydrogen atoms. The only hydrocarbon that will ever have an odd number of hydrogen atoms. By itself any radical or alkyl group cannot exist.

A

alkyl

R e.g.: methyl, ethyl.

39
Q

typed formula for alkyl group

A

Cn H2n+1

40
Q

R stands for the alkyl groups and X for a member of the halogens or salt former. You must have at least one atom of the Halogen family present.

A

Alkyl Halide - RX –

41
Q

any hydrocarbon which has the presence of at least one multiple bond. A multiple bond is either a double bond or triple bond.

A

Unsaturated

42
Q

unsaturated hydrocarbons which has the presence of at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the longest chain

A

Alkenes

43
Q

typed formula for alkenes

A

Cn H2n

44
Q

example of an alkene

A

Ethene (ethylene)

45
Q

a family of unsaturated hydrocarbons which has the presence of at least one triple bond between carbon atoms in the longest chain

A

Alkynes

46
Q

typed formula for alkynes

A

Cn H2n-2

47
Q

example of an alkyne

A

Ethyne (acetylene)

48
Q

any compound based on the benzene ring. A closed chain hydrocarbon. They have a distinct odor or aroma

A

aromatic

49
Q

the parent compound of all aromatic compounds. A closed chain structure.

A

benzene

50
Q

a group of six carbons in the shape of a hexagon and double triple bonds.

A

benzene ring

51
Q

three symbols for benzene ring

A

smiling face
frowning face
lug nut

52
Q

a solvent used in embalming. (a hazardous chemical)

A

toulene

53
Q

used to cauterize (prevents leakage) and as a bleaching agent. THIS IS LISTED WITH TWO GROUPS

A

phenol

54
Q
  1. organic compounds which contain one or more OH groups. The name of the OH functional group in organic chemistry is the hydroxyl group. Based on the number of OH groups in which the structure contains
A

alcohols

55
Q

general formula for alcohol

A

R-OH

56
Q

classifications of alcohols according to the number of OH groups

A

monohydroxy
dihydroxy
trhydroxy
polyhydroxy

57
Q

any alcohol which only possesses one hydroxyl group

A

monohydroxy

58
Q

two types of monohydroxy alcohols

A

primary

secondary

59
Q

The OH group will always be attached to one or no other carbon atoms.

A

primary monohydroxy

60
Q

First member of the alcohol family. Used commercially to manufacture formaldehyde. Used as an anti-polymerizing agent.

A

Methanol, Methyl alcohol, wood alcohol

61
Q

another member of the primary monohydroxy alcohol discussed beside methanol

A

Ethanol, Ethyl, grain alcohol, booze

62
Q

the carbon to which the single OH group is itself attached to exactly two (2) and only two (2) carbons.

A

secondary monohydroxy

63
Q

an example of a secondary monohydroxy alcohol

A

2-propanol
isopropyl alcohol
rubbing alcohol

64
Q

alcohols which contain exactly two OH groups

A

dihydroxy

65
Q

example of dihydroxy alcohol

A

1,2 Ethanediol

66
Q

alcohols which contain exactly three OH groups

A

Trihydroxy alcohol

67
Q

examples of trihydroxy alcohols

A

Glycerine, Glycerol (Humectant in embalming)

68
Q

alcohols which contain four or more OH groups

A

Polyhydroxy alcohol

69
Q

example of polyhydroxy alcohol

A

Sorbitol - used as a humectant in embalming

70
Q

Cauterizer (prevents leakage) and as a bleaching agent. THIS IS LISTED IN TWO GROUPS

A

Phenol or Carbolic Acid

Trakesha's 4th Quarter (20 decks)

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