Chemistry Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.
A
chemistry
2
Q
Three physical states of matter:
A
solid
liquid
gases
3
Q
state of matter; definite mass, solid shape
A
solid
4
Q
state of matter; no definite volume or shape
A
gases
5
Q
????
A
liquids
6
Q
5 divisions of chemistry
A
inorganic chemistry organic chemistry biochemistry embalming chemistry thanatochemistry
7
Q
one of the five divisions of chemistry: a study of matter which does not contain carbon. That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding carbon. The absence or lack of carbon
A
inorganic chemistry
8
Q
one of the five divisions of chemistry: the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-containing compounds, carbon based compounds
A
organic chemistry
9
Q
one of the five divisions of chemistry: that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.
A
biochemistry
10
Q
one of the five divisions of chemistry: the study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of remains. The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between them.
A
embalming chemistry
11
Q
one of the five divisions of chemistry: The chemistry of death. The study of physical and chemical changes in the body that are caused by death.
A
thanatochemistry
12
Q
what are the chemical measurements in reference to the metric system?
A
meter
liter
kilogram
calorie
13
Q
The standard metric unit for length
A
meter
14
Q
The standard unit of volume in the metric system.
A
liter
15
Q
The standard unit of mass in the metric system.
A
kilogram
16
Q
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one (1) gram of water 1˚ Celsius at 15 Celsius STP (standard temperature and pressure).
A
calorie
17
Q
scales to measure temperature
A
F (Fahrenheit)
C (Celsius) can also stand for centigrade
K (Kelvin scale),
18
Q
what is the difference between Fahrenheit and Celsius vs. Kelvin scale
A
no negative temperatures exist on the Kelvin scale; extremely cold (sperm bank)
also, you don’t use degree symbol for Kelvin
19
Q
Known freezing points on F scale
A
32˚ F
20
Q
Known freezing points on C scale
A
0˚ C
21
Q
Known freezing points on K scale
A
273 K
22
Q
Boiling point of water on F scale
A
212˚ F
23
Q
Boiling point of water on C scale
A
100˚ C
24
Q
Boiling point of water on K scale
A
373 K
25
Anything that occupies space and possesses mass.
matter
26
mass of any matter is
constant
27
All matter possesses ________, only matter on Earth possesses _______
mass
| weight
28
characteristics by which a substance could be identified
properties
29
Properties of a substance that are observed without a change in chemical composition.
physical properties
30
physical properties of matter
(1) State of matter
(2) Solubility
(3) Density
(4) Specific gravity
31
the measure of how well two substances mix.
Solubility
32
the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
Density
| D=M÷V
33
a ratio of densities with water as a standard
Specific gravity
34
The density of blood is slightly more _______ than water.
viscous
35
A characteristic that can be observed when a substance reacts with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.
Chemical Properties
36
Chemical Properties of matter
(1) Combustibility- cause change in chemical composition
| (2) Reactivity-
37
2 types of changes in matter
physical and chemical changes
38
a change in the form or the state of matter without any change in chemical composition
physical change
39
physical changes in matter
changes in state
| solvation (dissolving)
40
an example of the physical change in matter (change in state)
solid to gas (ice)
41
an example of the physical change in matter (solvation)
solid to a dissolved state. (Sugar dissolved)
42
changes in matter which a new substance or substances are formed or produced because the chemical composition has changed.
chemical changes
43
examples of chemical changes of matter
(1) Cremation of remains
(2) Decomposition of remains
(3) Embalming of remains
44
The state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one other. They have no definite shape or volume; they will assume the shape and volume of the container in which they are located. Not all can be seen or smelled
gases
45
terms associated with gases and properties
Liquefaction
Condensation
Vaporization
Diffusion
46
terms associated with gases and properties: the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid.
Liquefaction
47
terms associated with gases and properties: a change in a state of matter from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
48
terms associated with gases and properties: the physical change from a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
49
terms associated with gases and properties: the movement of particles in solution from an area of higher concentration to lesser concentration until uniform concentration is achieved.
Diffusion
50
Substances that flow readily, but do not tend to expand indefinitely
Liquids
51
terms associated with liquids and properties:
```
Viscosity
Surface tension
Diffusion
Solidification
Crystallization
Freezing
Boiling
```
52
terms associated with liquids and properties: thickness - the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid.
Viscosity
53
terms associated with liquids and properties: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
Surface tension
54
terms associated with liquids and properties: movement of a liquid from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Liquids don’t do this indefinitely.
Diffusion
55
terms associated with liquids and properties: the conversion of a liquid or gas into a solid form (water to an ice cube)
Solidification
56
terms associated with liquids and properties: the process by which a substance is given a definite form. (Between water and ice cube)
Crystallization
57
terms associated with liquids and properties: a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat. Conversion of a liquid to a solid.
Freezing
58
terms associated with liquids and properties: the rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor or gas state by forming bubbles through the action of heat. Conversion of a liquid to a gas.
Boiling
59
***
Blood is 4 ½ to 5 times thicker than water.
60
Is the melting point and the freezing point of water the same?
yes, exactly the same
61
The condensed state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume
solids
62
terms associated with solids and properties:
Melting
Sublimation
63
terms associated with solids and properties: a solid to a liquid
melting
64
terms associated with solids and properties: conversion of a solid to a gas without first passing through the liquid state; e.g., dry ice (CO2) and iodine
Sublimation
65
types of matter based on composition
elements
compounds
mixture
66
Simple substances which cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical means.
elements
67
the smallest or simplest particle of an element that still retains properties of the element
atom
68
an atom of any element that has lost or gained an electron
Ion (Monatomic Ion)
69
the abbreviation of an element; The large letter by itself represents one (1) atom
symbol
70
At a minimum, a symbol will always begin with a ________ and have a maximum of ____
capital letter
| three (3) letters.
71
ONLY which letter for any element will be capitalized.
first
72
The large letter by itself represents
one atom
73
The small number written to the right and below the symbol. This represents the total number of atoms of an element
Subscript
74
A number to the right and above the symbol of the element to represent that this element has a charge. There will always be a + or - in front of this
Superscript
75
every element is?
electronically neutral
76
The reactivity for all element of the periodic table is determined by the number of negatively charged particles they have floating around in their outer shell known as
valence shell
77
Horizontal rows across the periodic table are known as they begin with number 1 and continue in order
periods or series
78
Vertical columns use numbers 1 - 8 or Roman numerals I - VIII called
groups or families
79
represent the total number of electrons orbiting in the outer most shell around that element.
group number
80
composed of a central nucleus that has particles contained within it called protons and neutrons
atom
81
A third particle which has a negative 1 charge moves around the atom in its outer orbit or shells.
electron
82
the number of protons located in the nucleus of a single atom of that element. It will always be a whole number, never a percentage
Atomic number
83
Although a neutron has no charge, they do have
mass
84
The number written below the symbol; the number of protons plus the number of neutrons contained in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.
atomic weight
85
Elements that differ only in terms of atomic weight but have the same atomic number are known as
isotopes
86
To determine the number of neutrons for any element, you would ?
take atomic weight which is given and subtract the atomic number
87
have a positive charge
protons
88
shells can contain up to ___ electrons
32
89
the inner most shell of any element has a maximum capacity of __ electrons.
2
90
The maximum number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell
8
91
The maximum number of electrons you can ever gain or lose in any element
4
92
Any atom that gains or loses electrons are called
ions
93
Al
aluminum
94
Br
Bromine
95
Ca
Calcium
96
C
Carbon
97
Cl
Chlorine
98
Cu
Copper
99
F
Fluorine
100
He
Helium
101
H
Hydrogen
102
I
Iodine
103
Fe
Iron
104
Hg
Mercury
105
N
Nitrogen
106
O
Oxygen
107
P
Phosphorous
108
K
Potassium
109
Na
Sodium
110
S
Sulfur
111
Na+1 Cl-1
| NaCl-
table salt
112
they do not go into chemical reaction with other elements. They tend to be unreactive and have complete filled valence shells.
Nobel or inert gases
| also known as GROUP 8 OR GROUP 0
113
Types of elements
Metals
| Non-metals
114
a type of element; more metallic, All are solid except mercury which is a liquid. They are shiny, lustrous, conduct electricity and heat, it is malleable or ductile Good conductors of electricity.
metals
115
can be formed into long sheets)
malleable
116
can be stretched into wire
ductile
117
Most metals tend to _____ electrons in chemical reaction, and have a _______charge in their ionic state.
lose
| positive
118
Metals are located on the____side of the periodic table.
left
119
Metals tend to be ______ ions - charges.
positive
120
any element that is not a metal. Located on the right side of the periodic table. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, and therefore have negative charges (oxidation number). Usually liquid or gas - noble gases or inert gases
non-metals
121
Substances that consist of two or more atoms chemically combined in definite proportions by mass.
Compounds
122
smallest unit of a compound that can exist alone and still retain properties of that compound.
Molecule(s) including diatomic
123
For any compound to exist, you need at least ___ atoms.
2
124
- Two or more atoms of the same element that unite together to form a compound
Diatomic
125
the abbreviation for any compound
Formula
126
The most famous formula in chemistry
H2O
127
If you have more than one molecule of any compound, how would you write your formula?
place a whole number in front of the formula
128
the name given the whole number in front of a formula, which represent the number of molecules is called a
coefficient
129
Examples of inorganic compounds
acids
bases
salts
oxides
130
a compound which has a pH below 7. It is acidic.
acids
131
a compound that has a pH above 7. It is alkaline.
bases
132
compounds which are formed in the reaction between an acid and base other than water.
salts
133
compounds consisting of two or more elements, once of which is oxygen
oxide
134
a (an) _____ is to an element what a ______ is to a compound
atom
| molecule
135
A combination of two or more substances that is not chemically combined and is not in definite proportion by weight
Mixture
136
Examples of mixtures
air
embalming fluids
blood
137
The ability of a system or material to do work
energy
138
two types of energy
potential
| kinetic
139
energy which is stored
potential
140
energy of motion
kinetic
141
the abbreviation for an element is a(an)
symbol
142
the abbreviation for a compound is a(an)
formula
143
the abbreviation for a chemical change is a(an)
chemical equation
144
a number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula; which represent the total number of molecules is called a(an)
coefficient
145
a number written to the right and slightly below the symbol or formula is called a(an)
subscript
146
formulas are usually written as the ___________ portion written first; a non metallic portion written last
metallic
147
usually appear on have a positive oxidation number
metal
148
usually have a negative oxidation number
non metal
