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Trakesha's 4th Quarter > Chemistry Exam 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

A

chemistry

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2
Q

Three physical states of matter:

A

solid
liquid
gases

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3
Q

state of matter; definite mass, solid shape

A

solid

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4
Q

state of matter; no definite volume or shape

A

gases

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5
Q

????

A

liquids

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6
Q

5 divisions of chemistry

A 
inorganic chemistry
organic chemistry
biochemistry
embalming chemistry
thanatochemistry
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7
Q

one of the five divisions of chemistry: a study of matter which does not contain carbon. That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding carbon. The absence or lack of carbon

A

inorganic chemistry

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8
Q

one of the five divisions of chemistry: the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-containing compounds, carbon based compounds

A

organic chemistry

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9
Q

one of the five divisions of chemistry: that branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.

A

biochemistry

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10
Q

one of the five divisions of chemistry: the study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of remains. The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between them.

A

embalming chemistry

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11
Q

one of the five divisions of chemistry: The chemistry of death. The study of physical and chemical changes in the body that are caused by death.

A

thanatochemistry

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12
Q

what are the chemical measurements in reference to the metric system?

A

meter
liter
kilogram
calorie

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13
Q

The standard metric unit for length

A

meter

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14
Q

The standard unit of volume in the metric system.

A

liter

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15
Q

The standard unit of mass in the metric system.

A

kilogram

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16
Q

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one (1) gram of water 1˚ Celsius at 15 Celsius STP (standard temperature and pressure).

A

calorie

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17
Q

scales to measure temperature

A

F (Fahrenheit)
C (Celsius) can also stand for centigrade
K (Kelvin scale),

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18
Q

what is the difference between Fahrenheit and Celsius vs. Kelvin scale

A

no negative temperatures exist on the Kelvin scale; extremely cold (sperm bank)
also, you don’t use degree symbol for Kelvin

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19
Q

Known freezing points on F scale

A

32˚ F

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20
Q

Known freezing points on C scale

A

0˚ C

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21
Q

Known freezing points on K scale

A

273 K

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22
Q

Boiling point of water on F scale

A

212˚ F

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23
Q

Boiling point of water on C scale

A

100˚ C

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24
Q

Boiling point of water on K scale

A

373 K

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25
Q

Anything that occupies space and possesses mass.

A

matter

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26
Q

mass of any matter is

A

constant

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27
Q

All matter possesses ________, only matter on Earth possesses _______

A

mass

weight

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28
Q

characteristics by which a substance could be identified

A

properties

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29
Q

Properties of a substance that are observed without a change in chemical composition.

A

physical properties

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30
Q

physical properties of matter

A

(1) State of matter
(2) Solubility
(3) Density
(4) Specific gravity

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31
Q

the measure of how well two substances mix.

A

Solubility

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32
Q

the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.

A

Density

D=M÷V

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33
Q

a ratio of densities with water as a standard

A

Specific gravity

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34
Q

The density of blood is slightly more _______ than water.

A

viscous

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35
Q

A characteristic that can be observed when a substance reacts with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.

A

Chemical Properties

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36
Q

Chemical Properties of matter

A

(1) Combustibility- cause change in chemical composition

(2) Reactivity-

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37
Q

2 types of changes in matter

A

physical and chemical changes

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38
Q

a change in the form or the state of matter without any change in chemical composition

A

physical change

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39
Q

physical changes in matter

A

changes in state

solvation (dissolving)

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40
Q

an example of the physical change in matter (change in state)

A

solid to gas (ice)

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41
Q

an example of the physical change in matter (solvation)

A

solid to a dissolved state. (Sugar dissolved)

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42
Q

changes in matter which a new substance or substances are formed or produced because the chemical composition has changed.

A

chemical changes

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43
Q

examples of chemical changes of matter

A

(1) Cremation of remains
(2) Decomposition of remains
(3) Embalming of remains

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44
Q

The state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one other. They have no definite shape or volume; they will assume the shape and volume of the container in which they are located. Not all can be seen or smelled

A

gases

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45
Q

terms associated with gases and properties

A

Liquefaction
Condensation
Vaporization
Diffusion

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46
Q

terms associated with gases and properties: the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid.

A

Liquefaction

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47
Q

terms associated with gases and properties: a change in a state of matter from a gas to a liquid.

A

Condensation

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48
Q

terms associated with gases and properties: the physical change from a liquid into a gas.

A

Vaporization

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49
Q

terms associated with gases and properties: the movement of particles in solution from an area of higher concentration to lesser concentration until uniform concentration is achieved.

A

Diffusion

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50
Q

Substances that flow readily, but do not tend to expand indefinitely

A

Liquids

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51
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties:

A 
Viscosity 
Surface tension 	
Diffusion 
Solidification 
Crystallization 
Freezing 
Boiling
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52
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: thickness - the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid.

A

Viscosity

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53
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.

A

Surface tension

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54
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: movement of a liquid from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Liquids don’t do this indefinitely.

A

Diffusion

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55
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: the conversion of a liquid or gas into a solid form (water to an ice cube)

A

Solidification

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56
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: the process by which a substance is given a definite form. (Between water and ice cube)

A

Crystallization

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57
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat. Conversion of a liquid to a solid.

A

Freezing

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58
Q

terms associated with liquids and properties: the rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor or gas state by forming bubbles through the action of heat. Conversion of a liquid to a gas.

A

Boiling

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59
Q
A

Blood is 4 ½ to 5 times thicker than water.

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60
Q

Is the melting point and the freezing point of water the same?

A

yes, exactly the same

61
Q

The condensed state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume

62
Q

terms associated with solids and properties:

A

Melting

Sublimation

63
Q

terms associated with solids and properties: a solid to a liquid

64
Q

terms associated with solids and properties: conversion of a solid to a gas without first passing through the liquid state; e.g., dry ice (CO2) and iodine

A

Sublimation

65
Q

types of matter based on composition

A

elements
compounds
mixture

66
Q

Simple substances which cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical means.

67
Q

the smallest or simplest particle of an element that still retains properties of the element

68
Q

an atom of any element that has lost or gained an electron

A

Ion (Monatomic Ion)

69
Q

the abbreviation of an element; The large letter by itself represents one (1) atom

70
Q

At a minimum, a symbol will always begin with a ________ and have a maximum of ____

A

capital letter

three (3) letters.

71
Q

ONLY which letter for any element will be capitalized.

72
Q

The large letter by itself represents

73
Q

The small number written to the right and below the symbol. This represents the total number of atoms of an element

74
Q

A number to the right and above the symbol of the element to represent that this element has a charge. There will always be a + or - in front of this

A

Superscript

75
Q

every element is?

A

electronically neutral

76
Q

The reactivity for all element of the periodic table is determined by the number of negatively charged particles they have floating around in their outer shell known as

A

valence shell

77
Q

Horizontal rows across the periodic table are known as they begin with number 1 and continue in order

A

periods or series

78
Q

Vertical columns use numbers 1 - 8 or Roman numerals I - VIII called

A

groups or families

79
Q

represent the total number of electrons orbiting in the outer most shell around that element.

A

group number

80
Q

composed of a central nucleus that has particles contained within it called protons and neutrons

81
Q

A third particle which has a negative 1 charge moves around the atom in its outer orbit or shells.

82
Q

the number of protons located in the nucleus of a single atom of that element. It will always be a whole number, never a percentage

A

Atomic number

83
Q

Although a neutron has no charge, they do have

84
Q

The number written below the symbol; the number of protons plus the number of neutrons contained in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.

A

atomic weight

85
Q

Elements that differ only in terms of atomic weight but have the same atomic number are known as

86
Q

To determine the number of neutrons for any element, you would ?

A

take atomic weight which is given and subtract the atomic number

87
Q

have a positive charge

88
Q

shells can contain up to ___ electrons

89
Q

the inner most shell of any element has a maximum capacity of __ electrons.

90
Q

The maximum number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell

91
Q

The maximum number of electrons you can ever gain or lose in any element

92
Q

Any atom that gains or loses electrons are called

93
Q

Al

94
Q

Br

95
Q

Ca

96
Q

C

97
Q

Cl

98
Q

Cu

99
Q

F

100
Q

He

101
Q

H

102
Q

I

103
Q

Fe

104
Q

Hg

105
Q

N

106
Q

O

107
Q

P

A

Phosphorous

108
Q

K

109
Q

Na

110
Q

S

111
Q

Na+1 Cl-1

NaCl-

A

table salt

112
Q

they do not go into chemical reaction with other elements. They tend to be unreactive and have complete filled valence shells.

A

Nobel or inert gases

also known as GROUP 8 OR GROUP 0

113
Q

Types of elements

A

Metals

Non-metals

114
Q

a type of element; more metallic, All are solid except mercury which is a liquid. They are shiny, lustrous, conduct electricity and heat, it is malleable or ductile Good conductors of electricity.

115
Q

can be formed into long sheets)

116
Q

can be stretched into wire

117
Q

Most metals tend to _____ electrons in chemical reaction, and have a _______charge in their ionic state.

A

lose

positive

118
Q

Metals are located on the____side of the periodic table.

119
Q

Metals tend to be ______ ions - charges.

120
Q

any element that is not a metal. Located on the right side of the periodic table. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, and therefore have negative charges (oxidation number). Usually liquid or gas - noble gases or inert gases

A

non-metals

121
Q

Substances that consist of two or more atoms chemically combined in definite proportions by mass.

122
Q

smallest unit of a compound that can exist alone and still retain properties of that compound.

A

Molecule(s) including diatomic

123
Q

For any compound to exist, you need at least ___ atoms.

124
Q
  • Two or more atoms of the same element that unite together to form a compound
125
Q

the abbreviation for any compound

126
Q

The most famous formula in chemistry

127
Q

If you have more than one molecule of any compound, how would you write your formula?

A

place a whole number in front of the formula

128
Q

the name given the whole number in front of a formula, which represent the number of molecules is called a

A

coefficient

129
Q

Examples of inorganic compounds

A

acids
bases
salts
oxides

130
Q

a compound which has a pH below 7. It is acidic.

131
Q

a compound that has a pH above 7. It is alkaline.

132
Q

compounds which are formed in the reaction between an acid and base other than water.

133
Q

compounds consisting of two or more elements, once of which is oxygen

134
Q

a (an) _____ is to an element what a ______ is to a compound

A

atom

molecule

135
Q

A combination of two or more substances that is not chemically combined and is not in definite proportion by weight

136
Q

Examples of mixtures

A

air
embalming fluids
blood

137
Q

The ability of a system or material to do work

138
Q

two types of energy

A

potential

kinetic

139
Q

energy which is stored

140
Q

energy of motion

141
Q

the abbreviation for an element is a(an)

142
Q

the abbreviation for a compound is a(an)

143
Q

the abbreviation for a chemical change is a(an)

A

chemical equation

144
Q

a number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula; which represent the total number of molecules is called a(an)

A

coefficient

145
Q

a number written to the right and slightly below the symbol or formula is called a(an)

146
Q

formulas are usually written as the ___________ portion written first; a non metallic portion written last

147
Q

usually appear on have a positive oxidation number

148
Q

usually have a negative oxidation number

Trakesha's 4th Quarter (20 decks)

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