Rest of the RNA viruses

Question 1

what are the arboviruses

Answer 1

toga, flavi and bunya

Question 2

The west nile virus is apart of what family

Answer 2

flavi

Question 3

what is the large gorup of enteroviruses

Answer 3

picornaviruses

polio, coxsackie A and B, echovirus and new enteroviruses

Question 4

What viruses cause rhinitis

Answer 4

rhinovirus and coronavirus

Question 5

What does SARS stand for and what type of virus is it

Answer 5

severe acute respiratory syndrome part of the coronaviruses

Question 6

rotaviruses and caliciviruses generally cause what

Answer 6

diarrhea

Question 7

What virus causes rhabies

Answer 7

rhabdo

Question 8

What are the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever

Answer 8

Ebola and Marburg
part of the filoviruses
also Arenavirus- lassa fever

Question 9

what are the 2 types of togaviruses and presentations

Answer 9

alpha which cause encephalitis and inflammation of brain with fever, HA and altered levels consciousness
rubivirus causing rubella

Question 10

What are the 3 alpha togaviruses

Answer 10

Wester equine encephalitis
Eastern “”
Venezuelen “”

Question 11

Patient from africa bit by mosquito now has fever rash and severe joint swelling and pain
likley Dx?

Answer 11

chikungunya- toga virus that does not cause encephalitis

Question 12

What is rubella

Answer 12

mild febrile illness iwth rash

Question 13

When is rubella clinically reallly dangerous

Answer 13

first trimester during pregnancy

Question 14

What is the presentation of rubella

Answer 14

measles like
fever lymphadenopathy and flu like
rash from forehead to face to torso to extremities
onlys lasts 3 days

Question 15

What can be caused by congenital rubella

Answer 15

chromosomal breakage and inhibition of mitosis
heart defects
eye cataracts, chorioretinitis
CNS mental retardation, microcephaly and deafness

Question 16

Is the rubella vaccine give to pregnant women

Answer 16

no wait till immediately after birth

Question 17

What is the second leading cause of viral encephalitis in US

Answer 17

St louis encephalitis- flavivirus family

Question 18

What febrile diseases are caused by flaviviruses

Answer 18

yellow fever and dengue

Question 19

what is the presentation of yello fever

Answer 19

hepatitis with jaundice
fever, backache, nausea and vomiting
Africa

Question 20

What is the presentation of dengue

Answer 20

severe painful backache, muscle an djoint pain and severe HA

painful!

Question 21

What sertype of dengue causes dengue hemorrhagic fever

Answer 21

serotype 2

Question 22

What are the rare symptoms if any seen with WNV west nile

Answer 22

HA maculopapular rash

sometimes polio like motor symptoms or guillain Barre like

Question 23

What gorup is most at risk with WNV infection? least?

Answer 23

most is immunocompromised

least is children

Question 24

What ways can you Dx WNV

Answer 24

detection in culture
serum IgM
CSF IgM against WNV
4X increase in Ab titers

Question 25

what is the most sensitive test for Dx west nile

Answer 25

serum or CSF IgM

Question 26

What must be present to confirm Dx of WNV

Answer 26

neutralizing IgG Ab against WNV

Question 27

What are characteristics of Bunyaviruses

Answer 27

fever and encephalitis

Question 28

What is the vector for hanatavirus

Answer 28

usually rodent, deer mous for Sin nombre virus

Question 29

What is the presentation of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Answer 29

high fevers, muscle aches, cough, nausea and vomiting rapid HR and RR high WBC, low platelets, high RBC

Question 30

What is the confirmatory Dx for hantavirus pulmonar syndrome

Answer 30

serologic IgM and IgG Ab to sin nombre virus

Question 31

What are the picorna viruses and where do they infect, how are they transmitted

Answer 31

entero, rhino, hepato and parceho infect intestinal epithelial and lyphoid cells excreted in feces and spread by fecal oral route

Question 32

What are the 5 enteroviruses

Answer 32

polio coxsackie A and B echo new enteroviruses

Question 33

what cells does poliovirus infect

Answer 33

peyers patches of intestines | motor neurons

Question 34

where does polio sprad to

Answer 34

CNS anterior horn of spinal f=cord

Question 35

What are the 3 manifestations of polio

Answer 35

mild aseptic meningitis paralytic poliomyelitis

Question 36

what is presentaiton of mild polio

Answer 36

asymptomatic infection | usually in infants living in poor sanitation

Question 37

describe aseptic meningitis from polio

Answer 37

fever and meningismus | recover in 1 week

Question 38

describe paralytic poliomyelitis

Answer 38

destruction of presynaptic motor neurons in anterior horn of SC and post synaptic neurons leaving th horn no sensory losses usually

Question 39

polio with paralysis is more sever in what age gorup

Answer 39

above 15 years

Question 40

what polio vaccine has inactivated form? live attenuated?

Answer 40

formalin killed is Salk which is injection | Sabin is the oral attenuated poliovirus

Question 41

which polio vaccine is used now in US

Answer 41

the salk one because sabin was assoc with causing paralytic polyiomyelitis in some instances

Question 42

What do the coxsackie viruses, echo and new enteroviruses have in common

Answer 42

asymptomatic or mild febrile respiratory symptoms rashes aseptic menintis

Question 43

What are the most common causes of non-bacterial aseptic meningitis

Answer 43

enteroviruses

Question 44

What does Coxsackie virus A cause

Answer 44

herpangina- fever sore thraot, small red vesicles on back of throat hand foot and mouth syndrome- fever, oral vesicles and tender lesions on hands feet and buttocks

Question 45

What does Coxsackie virus B cause

Answer 45

pleurodynia- fever, HA and severe lower thoracic pain on breathing (pleuritic) myocarditis/pericarditis-self limited chest pain

Question 46

What is the morphology of corona viruses

Answer 46

enveloped ss RNA viruses

Question 47

Presentation of SARS

Answer 47

2-10 day incubation fevers, myalgias, chills and dry cough, chest pain and SOB abnormal Cardiograph or chest cT with consolidation

Question 48

How do you Dx SARS

Answer 48

reverse transcriptase PCR for viral RNA in respiratory secretions, feces, urine and lung biopsy

Question 49

The course of Gastroenteritis takes how long

Answer 49

1-2 incubation days | 4-7 symptoms

Question 50

presentation of caliciviruses

Answer 50

young children and infants | diarrhea, vomiting and fever

Question 51

presentation of Norwalk virus

Answer 51

adults but usually children with diarrhea and severe vomiting

Question 52

presentation of Norovirus

Answer 52

major cause of acute infectiou diarrheal outbreaks

Question 53

What is rotavirus a cause of

Answer 53

acute diarrheal infection

Question 54

What is intussusception

Answer 54

small intesting collapses inward- old roatvirus vaccine caused this

Question 55

What cause periodic outbreaks of diarrhea in infants children and elderly

Answer 55

astroviruses

Question 56

What is the shape of rhabdovirus

Answer 56

bullet shaped, enveloped and helical symmetry

Question 57

what does rabies in humans lead to

Answer 57

fatal encephalitis

Question 58

what are the brain cell changes in rabies

Answer 58

neuropathic changes and collection of virions in cytoplasm called negri bodies

Question 59

Once rabies symptoms occur how long till death

Answer 59

1-2 weeks

Question 60

What happens in prodromal period rabies

Answer 60

fever HA sore throat, fatigue, nausea, painfully sensitive nn around healed wound site

Question 61

What is the second period of rabies infection after prodromal period

Answer 61

acute encephalitis with hyperactivity and agitation that leads to confusion, meningismus and seizures

Question 62

why do people with rabies foam at mouth

Answer 62

CN dysfunction and painful contractions of pharyngeal mm that cases hydrophobia, inability to swallow fluids (saliva)

Question 63

what ultimately causes death in rabies

Answer 63

respiratory dysfunction

Question 64

what should you do if person bit from possibly rabid animal

Answer 64

clean with soap and water aggressviley

Question 65

If bitten individual by animal is + for rabies then what do you do

Answer 65

give human rabies Ig with 5 injections of killed rabies virus vaccine combine active and passive immunity

Question 66

how is ebola and other viral hemorrhagiv fevers transmitted

Answer 66

definitely direct contact with bodily fluids but airborne ahs not been ruled out

Question 67

What is critical in Tx ebola or marburg

Answer 67

BP support from capillary leakage

Question 68

What viruses are apart of arenaviruses

Answer 68

``` lassa fever junin virus machupo gunarito sabia ```