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LAST EXAMMMMMM Year I > Rest of the RNA viruses > Flashcards

Rest of the RNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the arboviruses

A

toga, flavi and bunya

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2
Q

The west nile virus is apart of what family

A

flavi

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3
Q

what is the large gorup of enteroviruses

A

picornaviruses

polio, coxsackie A and B, echovirus and new enteroviruses

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4
Q

What viruses cause rhinitis

A

rhinovirus and coronavirus

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5
Q

What does SARS stand for and what type of virus is it

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome part of the coronaviruses

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6
Q

rotaviruses and caliciviruses generally cause what

A

diarrhea

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7
Q

What virus causes rhabies

A

rhabdo

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8
Q

What are the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever

A

Ebola and Marburg
part of the filoviruses
also Arenavirus- lassa fever

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of togaviruses and presentations

A

alpha which cause encephalitis and inflammation of brain with fever, HA and altered levels consciousness
rubivirus causing rubella

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10
Q

What are the 3 alpha togaviruses

A

Wester equine encephalitis
Eastern “”
Venezuelen “”

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11
Q

Patient from africa bit by mosquito now has fever rash and severe joint swelling and pain
likley Dx?

A

chikungunya- toga virus that does not cause encephalitis

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12
Q

What is rubella

A

mild febrile illness iwth rash

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13
Q

When is rubella clinically reallly dangerous

A

first trimester during pregnancy

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14
Q

What is the presentation of rubella

A

measles like
fever lymphadenopathy and flu like
rash from forehead to face to torso to extremities
onlys lasts 3 days

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15
Q

What can be caused by congenital rubella

A

chromosomal breakage and inhibition of mitosis
heart defects
eye cataracts, chorioretinitis
CNS mental retardation, microcephaly and deafness

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16
Q

Is the rubella vaccine give to pregnant women

A

no wait till immediately after birth

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17
Q

What is the second leading cause of viral encephalitis in US

A

St louis encephalitis- flavivirus family

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18
Q

What febrile diseases are caused by flaviviruses

A

yellow fever and dengue

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19
Q

what is the presentation of yello fever

A

hepatitis with jaundice
fever, backache, nausea and vomiting
Africa

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20
Q

What is the presentation of dengue

A

severe painful backache, muscle an djoint pain and severe HA

painful!

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21
Q

What sertype of dengue causes dengue hemorrhagic fever

A

serotype 2

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22
Q

What are the rare symptoms if any seen with WNV west nile

A

HA maculopapular rash

sometimes polio like motor symptoms or guillain Barre like

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23
Q

What gorup is most at risk with WNV infection? least?

A

most is immunocompromised

least is children

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24
Q

What ways can you Dx WNV

A

detection in culture
serum IgM
CSF IgM against WNV
4X increase in Ab titers

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25
Q

what is the most sensitive test for Dx west nile

A

serum or CSF IgM

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26
Q

What must be present to confirm Dx of WNV

A

neutralizing IgG Ab against WNV

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27
Q

What are characteristics of Bunyaviruses

A

fever and encephalitis

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28
Q

What is the vector for hanatavirus

A

usually rodent, deer mous for Sin nombre virus

29
Q

What is the presentation of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

A

high fevers, muscle aches, cough, nausea and vomiting
rapid HR and RR
high WBC, low platelets, high RBC

30
Q

What is the confirmatory Dx for hantavirus pulmonar syndrome

A

serologic IgM and IgG Ab to sin nombre virus

31
Q

What are the picorna viruses and where do they infect, how are they transmitted

A

entero, rhino, hepato and parceho
infect intestinal epithelial and lyphoid cells
excreted in feces and spread by fecal oral route

32
Q

What are the 5 enteroviruses

A

polio
coxsackie A and B
echo
new enteroviruses

33
Q

what cells does poliovirus infect

A

peyers patches of intestines

motor neurons

34
Q

where does polio sprad to

A

CNS anterior horn of spinal f=cord

35
Q

What are the 3 manifestations of polio

A

mild
aseptic meningitis
paralytic poliomyelitis

36
Q

what is presentaiton of mild polio

A

asymptomatic infection

usually in infants living in poor sanitation

37
Q

describe aseptic meningitis from polio

A

fever and meningismus

recover in 1 week

38
Q

describe paralytic poliomyelitis

A

destruction of presynaptic motor neurons in anterior horn of SC and post synaptic neurons leaving th horn
no sensory losses usually

39
Q

polio with paralysis is more sever in what age gorup

A

above 15 years

40
Q

what polio vaccine has inactivated form? live attenuated?

A

formalin killed is Salk which is injection

Sabin is the oral attenuated poliovirus

41
Q

which polio vaccine is used now in US

A

the salk one because sabin was assoc with causing paralytic polyiomyelitis in some instances

42
Q

What do the coxsackie viruses, echo and new enteroviruses have in common

A

asymptomatic or mild febrile
respiratory symptoms
rashes
aseptic menintis

43
Q

What are the most common causes of non-bacterial aseptic meningitis

A

enteroviruses

44
Q

What does Coxsackie virus A cause

A

herpangina- fever sore thraot, small red vesicles on back of throat
hand foot and mouth syndrome- fever, oral vesicles and tender lesions on hands feet and buttocks

45
Q

What does Coxsackie virus B cause

A

pleurodynia- fever, HA and severe lower thoracic pain on breathing (pleuritic)
myocarditis/pericarditis-self limited chest pain

46
Q

What is the morphology of corona viruses

A

enveloped ss RNA viruses

47
Q

Presentation of SARS

A

2-10 day incubation
fevers, myalgias, chills and dry cough, chest pain and SOB
abnormal Cardiograph or chest cT with consolidation

48
Q

How do you Dx SARS

A

reverse transcriptase PCR for viral RNA in respiratory secretions, feces, urine and lung biopsy

49
Q

The course of Gastroenteritis takes how long

A

1-2 incubation days

4-7 symptoms

50
Q

presentation of caliciviruses

A

young children and infants

diarrhea, vomiting and fever

51
Q

presentation of Norwalk virus

A

adults but usually children with diarrhea and severe vomiting

52
Q

presentation of Norovirus

A

major cause of acute infectiou diarrheal outbreaks

53
Q

What is rotavirus a cause of

A

acute diarrheal infection

54
Q

What is intussusception

A

small intesting collapses inward- old roatvirus vaccine caused this

55
Q

What cause periodic outbreaks of diarrhea in infants children and elderly

A

astroviruses

56
Q

What is the shape of rhabdovirus

A

bullet shaped, enveloped and helical symmetry

57
Q

what does rabies in humans lead to

A

fatal encephalitis

58
Q

what are the brain cell changes in rabies

A

neuropathic changes and collection of virions in cytoplasm called negri bodies

59
Q

Once rabies symptoms occur how long till death

A

1-2 weeks

60
Q

What happens in prodromal period rabies

A

fever HA sore throat, fatigue, nausea, painfully sensitive nn around healed wound site

61
Q

What is the second period of rabies infection after prodromal period

A

acute encephalitis with hyperactivity and agitation that leads to confusion, meningismus and seizures

62
Q

why do people with rabies foam at mouth

A

CN dysfunction and painful contractions of pharyngeal mm that cases hydrophobia, inability to swallow fluids (saliva)

63
Q

what ultimately causes death in rabies

A

respiratory dysfunction

64
Q

what should you do if person bit from possibly rabid animal

A

clean with soap and water aggressviley

65
Q

If bitten individual by animal is + for rabies then what do you do

A

give human rabies Ig with 5 injections of killed rabies virus vaccine
combine active and passive immunity

66
Q

how is ebola and other viral hemorrhagiv fevers transmitted

A

definitely direct contact with bodily fluids but airborne ahs not been ruled out

67
Q

What is critical in Tx ebola or marburg

A

BP support from capillary leakage

68
Q

What viruses are apart of arenaviruses

A 
lassa fever
junin virus
machupo
gunarito
sabia

LAST EXAMMMMMM Year I (24 decks)

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