Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LAST EXAMMMMMM Year I > Helminths > Flashcards

Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What are nemotodes and what are playhelminthes

A

nemotodes are round worms

playhelminthes are flat worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What intestinal nematodes are acquired by ingestion of eggs

A

Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris richuria and Enterobius vermicularis(pin worm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What round worms usually penetrate skin of feet

A

Necator amricanus and Stronglyoides stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What round worm is ingested in port meat with larvae

A

Trichincella spiralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What round worms invade the lung at some point in their cycle

A

Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator Americanus and Stronglyoides stercoralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where and how do people acquire ascaris lumbricoides

A

mountainouse and tropical areas souther US

consume food with the eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do the larvae of Ascaris grow

A

in lung alveolie then coughed up swallowed and mature in intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens with the eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Autoinfection-larvae penetrate intestine directly
Direct cycle- larvae pass out in feces and infect next person
Indirect- in soil the filariform larvae develop into male and female adults then fertllze eggs and the larvae hatch and reinfect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is involved in severe infections with Ascaris

A

worm invasion into bile ducts, gall bladder and appendix and liver
in lung have pulmonary infiltrate on CXR with high eosinphilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dx of any types of the worms?

A

eggs in feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs are used to treat intestinal nematodes

A

Mebendazole
Albendazole
Thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To selectively target Enterobius or Necator or Ascaris what drug can you give

A

pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can an infection by hookworms cause
Ascaris
Necator

A

iron deficiency anemia since suck blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do you avoid during Tx of Stronglyoides stercoralis

A

prednisone or other steroids because can result in severe auto infection of pneumonia ARDS and multi-organ failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the enterotest

A

long nylon string is swalled and later pulled out of the mouth to see larvae of stronglyoides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sensitive test for stronglyoides infection

A

ELISA Ab assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the cycle of Trichinella Spiralis

A

adult males are passed in feces

females penetrate intestinal mucosa and lay thougsands of larvae that enter blood and spread to organs and skel muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichinella Spiralis infection

A

1 week after intestinal invasian there may be fevers and musclar aches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you Dx trichinella piralis

A

serologic tests or muscle biopsy
Increase levels of eos
increased serum muscle enzymes like CPK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the whipworm

A

Trichuris trichuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how come pinworm and whipworm do not have elvated eosinphilis

A

because there is no transit outside of the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the whip worm larvae adhere

A

cecum and ascending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is there no autoinfectino with whipworm

A

eggs need to incubate 3-6 weeks in soild before infective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PAtient has feces that have little football with bumps on the end

A

trichuris trichuria infection

whipworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are symptoms of whipworm infection

A

diarrhea and abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the pinworm and where does it mature

A

Enterobius vermicularis

matures in the ascending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is unique about the female enterobius worm

A

at night migrates to perianal area where she lays her egs causing severe perianal itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do you Dx pinworm

A

scotch tape test for eggs

29
Q

How are blood and tissue nematodes spread?

A

bites from arthropods

they are called filariae

30
Q

What are the prelarval filariae forms of tissue nematodes

A

microfilariae

31
Q

When do we encounter disease from tissue nematodes

A

when the microfilariae and adult worms are dead in lymphatic system
allergic reaction

32
Q

What are filarial parasites hosts to

A

Wolbachia bacteria

so we can target them to kill the parasites

33
Q

What filarial infection is common in Africa, Central and /south America in the black flies

A

Onchocerca volvulus

34
Q

what are signs of Onchocerca volvulus

A

pruritic skin rash with darkened pigmentation
papular lesions that are intraepithelial granulmomas
dry, scaly and thick
often migrates to eye causing blindness

35
Q

What is Tx for Onchocerca volvulus

A

ivermectin

36
Q

What tissue nematodes result in elephatiasis? and in what geographical areas?

A

Wechereria bancrofti- Pacific islands and Africa

Brugia malayi- Malay and SE asia

37
Q

What transmits the elephatiasis causing nematodes?

what is elephatiasis

A

mosquito

the lymph edematous areas become covered in a thick scaly skin

38
Q

What can frequent infections of Wechereria and Brugia cause

A

febrile episodes with HA and swollen inguinal lymph nodes’sometimes fibrosis in lymph areas

39
Q

How do you Dx Wechereria and Brugia

A

blood drawn and nighttime
Nocturnal periodicity
or Ab titers via immunofluorescence

40
Q

Tx for elephatiasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine

41
Q

What is the spp guinea worm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

42
Q

how do we prevent spread of guinea worm infections

A

avoid water because female releases eggs in water

43
Q

What is cutaneous larvae migrans

A

creeping eruption of pruritic skin from larvae of cat and dog hookworms
raised itchy rash

44
Q

How do you Dx what is causing a cutaneous larvae migrans

A

biopsy of advancing edge

45
Q

What are the 2 groups of flatworms

A

Trematodes and Cestodes

46
Q

What are other names for trematodes

A

flukes like schistosomes

47
Q

What are other names for cestodes

A

tapeworms

48
Q

Where do shistosomes invade human

A

venous system

49
Q

What is the name for mature schisostomal larvae

A

cercariase

50
Q

What form of schistosome can survive human immune system and why

A

adult worm- think there is molecular mimicry

the mature larvae and eggs stimulate immune response

51
Q

What are the 3 disease syndromes that occur sequentially from schistosomes

A

Dermatitis at site of penetration
Katayama fever when laying eggs
Chronic fibrosis of organs and blood vessels from chronic inflammation around deposited eggs

52
Q

Describe Katayama fever

A

4-8 weeks after penetration
fever, hives, HA, weight loss and cough for 3 weeks
lymph node and HSM with eoshinophilia

53
Q

What are sequelae of schistosome infection

A 
portal HTN from blocking venous system
granuloma formation
ulvers
can have hematuria, chornica abdominal pain and diarrhea
brain or SC injury
54
Q

Tx for schistosome infection

A

praziquantel

55
Q

what is unique about tape worms

A

hermaphrodites

also need human as host because do not have true digestive tract

56
Q

What is the structure of tapeworms

A

Scolex- anterior head with suckers
Immature proglottids
mature proglottids- male and female
gravid proglottids- fertilized eggs

57
Q

How do you Tx tapeworm infection

A

praziquantel and niclosamide

58
Q

what tapeworm is at risk of infected pork meat

A

tanenia solium

59
Q

What is cysticercosis

A

when humand ingest the eggs of taenia solium not the encysted larvae
form cystercerci in brain and skel mm
leads to Neurocysticercosis

60
Q

What are symptoms of neurocysticercosis

A

seziures, obstructive hydrocephalus, focal neurologic deficits
after 5-10 years leak antigenic contents causing seizures, meningitis, hydrocephalus

61
Q

What areas of the world is neurocystercercosis most common cause of seizures

A

Mexico, Central and south america, Philippines and SE asia

62
Q

What labs help Dx neurocystercosis

A

CAT scan or biopsy of brain tissue

63
Q

What tapeworm is found in contaminated beef? and what is the risk if have it

A

Taenia saginata

generally benign, maybe malnutrition and weight loss

64
Q

What worm is found in salmon, trout and pike (freshwater fish)? what can it cause

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

can cause anemia because likes to absorbe Vit B12

65
Q

What is the dwarf tapeworm and what does it cause

A

Hymenolepis nana

abdominal pain, and occasionally nausea and vomiting

66
Q

Which worm forms cysts that can compress surrounding structures? what about if rupture

A

Echinococcus granulosus and multilocularis

inside is allergic causing fluid that may be fatal

67
Q

How do we Tx Echinococcus granulosus

A

surgical excision or instill saline. idophore and ethanol into cyst to kill contents

68
Q

What is the PAIR method for hydatid cysts

A

percutaneous aspiration infusion of scolicidal agents and reaspiration

LAST EXAMMMMMM Year I (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions