micro- bacterial sex genetics Flashcards
what is binary fission
gene replication then splitting in two
what are the ways of sexual diversity in bacteria
transformation
transduction
conjugation
transposon
what is transformation
DNA fragments from one bacterium post-lysis bind to cell wall of another bacter that is very very similar so the material can be taken up and incorporated
what is transduction
when a virus infects bacteria, bacteriophage carrying bacterial DNA
2 types: generalized- virulent
specialized- temperate
What is a virulent phage vs temperate
virulent quickly incorporate themselves and lyse the cells
temperate will enter and be dormant until activated- called a prophage
what is lysogenic immunity
ability of integrated bacteriophage to block infection of another bacteria
what is generalized transduction
when DNA bacterial fragments are accidently taken up in a phage that will be released to infect another bacterium. because its only bacterial DNA the new bacterium will survive
what is specialized transduction
incorrect splicing of the prophage out of the genome so that now new part on end from bacterium that is packaged with prophage
What bateria is well known for specialized transduction
the E coli with BIOtin gene and GALactose gene one on either end
What bacteria obtains its exotoxin by lysogenic conversion
Corynebacterium diphtheria
What is conjugation
F plasmid which encodes for sex pilus to transfer F plasmid to another. can encode other enzymes and proteins as well
main mech for antibiotic resistance
What is HFr cell in bacteria
when the F plasmid does not stay a plasmid but actually incorporated into genome
What are transposons
mobile genetic elements that insert themselves in chromosomes without having DNA homology carrying factors and antibiotic resistance
do not replicate independently but copied during host DNA transcription
