REST AND SLEEP

Question 1

these nerve cells in the hypothalamus control the rhythm of the sleep wake cycle and coordinate this cycle with other circadian rhythms

Answer 1

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 2

__ influence the pattern of major biological and behavioral functions, the predictable changing of
body temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure, hormone secretion, sensory
equity and mood depend on the
maintenance of the 24-hour circadian
cycle

Answer 2

circadian rhythms

Question 3

major sleep center in the body ; it secretes hypocretins or orexins that promotes wakefulness and
rapid eye movement sleep then
prostaglandin d2 and the l-tryptophan
and the growth factors control sleep

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

located in the upper brainstem contains special cells that maintain alertness and wakefulness

Answer 4

reticular activating system

Question 5

activity from the cerebral cortex such as emotions stimulate the __

Answer 5

RAS

Question 6

Arousal, wakefulness, and maintenance of consciousness results from the neurons in the RAS releasing catecholamines such as

Answer 6

norepinephrine

Question 7

primarily regulates the length and the depth of sleep and the circadian rhythms

Answer 7

homeostatic process

Question 8

Time of wake up is defined by the
intersection of process _ and the process _

Answer 8

S and C

Question 9

this process rises during waking and declines during sleep

Answer 9

process S

Question 10

The intersection of process S and
process C defines the time of __

Answer 10

wake up

Question 11

is associated with changes in the
peripheral nervous endocrine
cardiovascular respiratory and the
muscular systems s

Answer 11

sleep

Question 12

this instrument measures electrical activity in the cerebral cortex

Answer 12

electroencephalogram or EEG

Question 13

this instrument measures muscle tone

Answer 13

electromyogram or EMG

Question 14

this instrument measures eye movements provide information about some structural physiological aspects of sleep

Answer 14

electrooculogram or EOG

Question 15

the sleep cycle lasts how many minutes

Answer 15

90-100

Question 16

the pre-sleep period where the person is aware only of a gradually developing sleepiness lasts how many minutes

Answer 16

10-30 minutes

Question 17

pre-sleep period lasts how many minutes if a person is having difficulties falling asleep

Answer 17

one hour or more

Question 18

A person usually reaches REM sleep about __ minutes into the sleep cycle

Answer 18

90

Question 19

Sleep becomes more fragmented with __

Answer 19

aging

Question 20

contributes to body tissue
restoration so during sleep the heart rate falls to 60 beats per minute or less which benefits card job function

Answer 20

NREM sleep

Question 21

is necessary for brain tissue
restoration and appears to be important for cognitive restoration and memory

Answer 21

REM sleep

Question 22

A loss of REM sleep leads to feelings of __ and __

Answer 22

confusion and suspicion

Question 23

Occur in NREM and REM sleep ; important for learning, memory, and
adaptation to stress

Answer 23

dreams

Question 24

can cause pain, physical
discomfort, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances

Answer 24

physical illness

Question 25

sleep related breathing disorders are linked to increased incidence of nocturnal angina or chest pain, increased heart rate electrocardiogram changes, high blood pressure, and risk of heart diseases and stroke

Answer 25

hypertension

Question 26

such as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or the (COPD), emphysema, asthma, allergies or the common cold often interferes with sleep

Answer 26

respiratory disorders

Question 27

disrupts the sleep cycle

Answer 27

nocturia

Question 28

Can occur before sleep onset ; symptoms include recurrent, rhythmical movements of the feet and legs patients feel an itching sensation deep in the muscles

Answer 28

restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Question 29

is a symptom patient's experience when they chronically have difficulty falling asleep

Answer 29

insomnia

Question 30

caused by a medical condition ; lack of air flow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep

Answer 30

sleep apnea

Question 31

what is the most common type of sleep apnea

Answer 31

obstructive apnea

Question 32

what are the two risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 32

obesity and hypertension

Question 33

the upper airway becomes partially or completely blocked diminishing nasal airflow causing __ or stopping it which means apnea already for as long as 30 seconds

Answer 33

hypopnea

Question 34

the most common complaint of OSA

Answer 34

excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 35

type of apnea that involves dysfunction in the respiratory control center of the brain ; common in patients with brain stem injury, the muscle dystrophy and the encephalitis ; they tend to awaken during sleep

Answer 35

central sleep apnea

Question 36

a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate the sleep and waking states ; cataplexy, sleep paralysis ; During the day, a person suddenly feels an overwhelming wave of sleepiness and falls asleep so REM sleep occurs within 15 minutes of falling asleep

Answer 36

narcolepsy

Question 37

Patients experience as a result of dyssomnias causes include fever, difficulty breathing, pain, emotional stress, medications, and disturbances in the health ; emotional stress, medications, environmental ; prone to healthcare providers

Answer 37

sleep deprivation

Question 38

more common in children ; Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Night terrors, Nightmares, Nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting), Body rocking, Bruxism ; more serious when adults have this

Answer 38

parasomnias

Question 39

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of neonates

Answer 39

16 hrs a day

Question 40

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of infants

Answer 40

8-10 hrs at night ; 15 hrs per day

Question 41

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of toddlers and preschoolers

Answer 41

12 hours a day

Question 42

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of school age

Answer 42

9-10 hrs a day

Question 43

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of adolescents

Answer 43

7 and a half hours

Question 44

how many hours is the normal sleep requirement of young adults

Answer 44

6-8 and a half hours

Question 45

in adolescents, shortened sleep time often result in __ which frequently leads to reduced performance in school, vulnerability to accidents, behavior and mood problems and increased use of alcohol

Answer 45

excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 46

__increases the need for sleep and rest

Answer 46

pregnancy

Question 47

causes a person to be tense and often leads to frustration when sleeps does not occur, stress also causes a person to try too hard to fall asleep to awaken frequently during the sleep cycle or to oversleep so continued stress causes poor sleep habits

Answer 47

emotional stress

Question 48

Description of sleeping problems, usual sleep pattern, current life events, physical and psychological illness, emotional and mental status, bedtime routines, bedtime environment, behaviors of sleep deprivation

Answer 48

sleep history

Question 49

what are two subjective measures of sleep

Answer 49

epworth sleepiness scale pittsburgh sleep quality index

Question 50

A full meal before bedtime often calls __ and interferes with ability to fall asleep

Answer 50

castor intestinal upset

Question 51

is a neuro hormone produced in the brain that helps control circadian rhythms and promotes sleep so it is a popular nutritional supplement that is found to be helpful in improving sleep efficiency and decreasing nighttime awakenings

Answer 51

melatonin

Question 52

what is the recommended dose for melatonin

Answer 52

0.3-1mg 2 hours before bedtime

Question 53

is effective in mild insomnia and RLS it of it affects the release of neurotransmitters and produces very mild sedation.

Answer 53

valerian

Question 54

it helps promote sleeping patterns with anxiety ; should be used cautiously because it is potentially toxic on the liver

Answer 54

kava

Question 55

a herbal tea has a mild sedative effect that may be beneficial in promoting sleep

Answer 55

chamomile

Question 56

medications that induce sleep are called

Answer 56

hypnotics

Question 57

medications that produce a calming or soothing effect

Answer 57

sedatives

Question 58

they are common classifications of drugs that are used treat sleep problems

Answer 58

benzodiazepines