MEDICATIONS Flashcards
it is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or relief of a symptom or for prevention of disease
medication
often abbreviated Rx is a formal communication from a physician or other registered healthcare professional to a pharmacist, authorizing them to dispense a specific prescription drug for a specific patient
prescription
are the original medications developed by pharmaceutical companies ; unique name and are protected by patents
brand name
copies of brand name drugs ; contain the same active ingredients as the brand name version but are sold under a different name
generic drugs
refers to the useful or favorable
response(s) after a treatment of any kind.
therapeutic effect
neutralizes excess acid in the stomach.
antacids
used to treat allergies.
antihistamines
used to treat mental diseases such as stress,
anxiety, mental fatigue, depression etc.
tranquillizers
used to relieve pain.
analgesic
used to kill or prevent the growth of micro-
organisms.
antibiotics
also known as desired effect ; primary effect intended that is the reason drug is prescribed
therapeutic effect
effect that is unintended
side effect
results from overdose, ingestion of drugs intended for external use
drug toxicity
immunologic reaction to a drug
drug allergy
relieves the symptoms of a disease but no affect the disease itself
palliative
cures a disease or condition
curative
support body function until other treatments or body response can take over
supportive
replaces body fluids or substances
substitutive
destroys malignant cells
chemotherapeutic
returns the body to health
restorative
usually generalized over the body
skin rash
itching of the skin with or without rash
pruritus
edema due to increase permeability of the blood capillaries
angiodema
excessive watery discharge from the nose
rhinitis
excessive tearing
lacrimal tearing
stimulation of these centers in the brain
nausea and vomiting
SOB due to accumulated fluids and swelling of the respiratory tissues
wheezing and dyspnea
irritation of the mucosa of the large intestine
diarrhea
rights of medication administration
patient
drug
dose
route
time
documentation
to refuse
assessment
evaluation
types of oral medications
tablets
capsules
sublingual
buccal
elixirs
enteric coated
sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, movement of drug into, through, and out of the body ; time course of its absoprtion, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
pharmacokinetics
the movement of a drug into the
bloodstream after administration.
drug absorption
Upon oral administration, the drug is
passing through the stomach to the small intestine
where most of the drugs are absorbed. Poorly absorbed
drugs, or drugs in modified release formulations will
pass to the colon, where further absorption can occur.
distribution
principally occurs in the liver, kidney, skin, and GI tract. In the liver, __ involves hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or demethylation and conjugation of the metabolite with glycine, glucuronide, sulfate, or hippurate with subsequen t secretion into the bile.
drug biotransformation or metabolism
process of removing a drug and its
metabolites from the body. This usually happens in the kidneys via urine produced in them.
excretion
routes of drugs adminsitration
enteral
parenteral
topical
inhalation
types of medication orders
routine
PRN
standing
one-time
STAT
prescriptions that are followed
until another order cancels them.
routine orders
prescriptions that are given only
when needed, as indicated by the patient’s
condition or symptoms.
PRN orders (as needed)
prescriptions that are given for a
specific period of time or number of doses, or until
another order cancels them.
standing orders
prescriptions that are given only
once, at a specific time or as soon as possible.
one time orders
prescriptions that are given
immediately and only once, in an emergency
situation
STAT orders
administration of medication by mouth and ensuring that patient swallows it
oral medication
patient does not experience medication erros during hospitalization
standard
