responses to shock Flashcards
1
Q
what is shock?
A
- an abnormality of the circulatory system resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation
2
Q
how does shock lead to cellular failure?
A
- shock
- inadequate tissue oxygenation/perfusion
- anaerobic metabolism
- accumulation of metabolic waste products
- cellular failure
3
Q
what does adeuqate tissue perfusion depend on?
A
- adequate blood pressure and adequate cardiac output
4
Q
what are the steps of hypovolaemic shock?
A
- loss of blood volume
- decreased blood volume
- decreased venous return
- decreased EDV
- decreased SV
- decreased CO and decreased BP
- inadequate tissue perfusion
5
Q
what are the steps of cardiogenic shock?
A
- decreased cardiac contracility
- decreased SV
- decreased CO and decreased BP
- inadequate tissue perfusion
6
Q
what are the steps of tension pneumothroax: obstructive shock?
A
- increased intrathroacic pressure
- decreased venous return
- decreased EDV
- decreased SV
- decreased CO and decreased BP
- inadequate tissue perfusion
7
Q
what are the steps of neurogenic shock?
A
- loss of sympa tone to blood vessels and heart
- massive venous and arterial vasodilation, effect on HR
- decreased venous return and decreased SVR and decreased HR (unlike other shocks)
- decreased CO and decreased BP
- inadequate tissue perfusion
8
Q
what are the steps of vasoactive shock?
A
- release of vasoactive mediators
- massive anous and arterial vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
- decreased venous return and decreased SVR
- decreased CO and decreased BP
- inadequate tissue perfusion
9
Q
what are the treatments for shock?
A
- ABCDE approach
- high flow O2
- call for help early
- inotropes for cardiogenic shock
- immediate chest drain for tension pneumothorax
- adrenaline for anaphylactic shock
- vasopressors for septic shock
10
Q
what are the causes of hypovolaemic shock?
A
- haemorrhage or vomiting/diarrheoa/sweating (causes decreased ECFV)
- decreased BV
- decreased CO
- circulatory shock (decreased MAP)
11
Q
how long can compensatory mechansims maintain BP for during a haemorrhagic shock?
A
- until more than 30% of blood volume is lost
