heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the heart failure pathway?

A
  • risk factors, diabetes, hypertension
  • atherosclerosis and LVH
  • MI
  • remodelling
  • ventricular dilation
  • congestive heart fialure
  • end stage, heart disease, and death
  • death
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2
Q

what is the definition of heart failure?

A
  • LV doesnt relax properly, volume of blood reduced, SV reduced
  • due to LV wall damage, LV has reduced ability to pump or eject blood
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3
Q

what can cause heart failure?

A
  • coronary heart disease
  • hypertension
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
  • valve disease
  • tachycardic arrhythmias
  • HEFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction)
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4
Q

what are the classic symptoms of heart failure?

A
  • SOB
  • difficulty breathing at night eg orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
  • reduced exercise tolerance
  • fatigue
  • tiredness
  • ankle swelling
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5
Q

what are common physical findings of heart failure?

A
  • elevated jugular venous pressure
  • rales or crackles in lungs
  • S3 or S4 heard
  • murmur
  • sacral oedema
  • feet/ankles/lower legs
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6
Q

what are the diagnostic tests in heart failure?

A
  • ECG = arrhythmias, past MI, LVH

- CXR = perihilar congestion, fluid in inferior accessory fissure, kerley B lines, enlarged cardiac silhouette

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7
Q

what is HRrEF?

A
  • the LV is unable to eject an adequate amount of blood during systole
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8
Q

what is HFpEF?

A
  • less blood is able to fil the LV in diastole, due to myocardial stiffness
  • thus the LV has less blood to eject during systole
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9
Q

which drugs prolong survival of heart failure?

A
  • RAS inhibition = ACE inhibitors, ARII antagnoists
  • B-blockers
  • aldosterone antagonists
  • vasodilators
  • sinus node blocker
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10
Q

which drugs improve symptoms of heart failure?

A
  • digoxin

- frusemide

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11
Q

what is cardiac resynchronisation therapy? (CRT)

A
  • the presence of LBBB in heart failure

- pacing the LV rom the left lateral wall

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