BUZZWORDS

Question 1

patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

Answer 1

pericarditis

Question 2

what does an irregularly irregular pulse mean?

Answer 2

atrial fibrillation

Question 3

what does it mean when there is a saw tooth baseline on an ECG with 150bpm?

Answer 3

atrial flutter

Question 4

alveolar bats wings, kerely b lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

Answer 4

pulmonary oedema

Question 5

what casuses a raised JVP?

Answer 5

right sided heart failure

Question 6

sense of impending doom

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 7

pericarditis

Question 8

broad complex tachycardia

Answer 8

ventricular problem

Question 9

mid diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 9

mitral stenosis

Question 10

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave

Answer 10

wolf-parkinson-white syndrome

Question 11

tall, tented T waves

Answer 11

hyperkalaemia

Question 12

patient gets pericardidits 4-6 weeks post MI

Answer 12

dresslers syndrome

Question 13

blurred yellow vision headache

Answer 13

digoxin toxicity

Question 14

janeway lesions/oslers nodes

Answer 14

subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 15

continuous machine like heart murmur

Answer 15

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 16

rib notching on CXR

Answer 16

coarctation of aorta

Question 17

crescendo decrescendo murmur

Answer 17

aortic stenosis

Question 18

dimished absent lower limb pulses

Answer 18

coarctation of the aorta

Question 19

MRS ASS

Answer 19

mitral regurgitation systolic, aortic stenosis systolic

Question 20

side effects of ACEi

Answer 20

dry cough, contraindicted in renal artery stenosis

Question 21

radial-radial delay

Answer 21

aortic dissection (tear in wall of aorta)/coarctation of aorta

Question 22

collapsing pulse

Answer 22

aortic regurgitation

Question 23

slow rising pulse

Answer 23

aortic stenosis

Question 24

splinter haemorrhages

Answer 24

infective endocarditis

• stap aureus = main cause, prosthetic valves or IV drug users
• strep viridans (a haemolytic) present in mouth after dental surgery

Question 25

atrial myxoma

Answer 25

a noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart, most often grown on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart

Question 26

cardiac tamponade

Answer 26

collection of blood/fluid/ups/clot/gas around the heart/pericardia space that prevents contraction medical emergency

Question 27

treatment of pericarditis

Answer 27

pain relief, NSAIDs

Question 28

tetralogy of a fallot

Answer 28

a congenital heart disease with these main features: a large ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 29

wide pulse pressure

Answer 29

aortic regurgitation, aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent doctor arterioles

Question 30

causes of atrial fibrilation

Answer 30

``` a - alcohol t - thyroid problems r - rheumatic fever i - idiopathic a - atrial myxoma l - lung eg PE, emphysema ``` f - phechromocytoma i - ischaemia b - blood pressure

Question 31

reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 31

hypovolaemia, hypothremia, hyper/hypokalaemia, hypoxia | tamponade, tension pnauemothorax, thormboembolism, toxin

Question 32

acute limb ischaemia

Answer 32

pale, pulseless, painful, paralysed, paraesthetic, perishingly cold

Question 33

shock - treatments and types

Answer 33

an old virgin hides cause other virgins slag adult abstinence Abcde, Oxygen, Volume replacement Hypovalae,oc,Inotroped for Cardiogenic, Chest drain for Obstructive, Vasopressors for Septic, Adrenaline for Anaphylaxis

Question 34

is HDL or LDL the bad cholesterol?

Answer 34

LDL is bad | HDL is happy

Question 35

what is cardiac tamponade a result of?

Answer 35

- increased intra-pericardial pressure

Question 36

what can anginal pain be described as?

Answer 36

- tight crushing retrosternal pain

Question 37

what is platelet aggregation inhibited by in the peripheral arteries?

Answer 37

- prostacyclin which is produced by the endothelium

Question 38

what are the 2 currents of the SA node?

Answer 38

- backward inward current | - funny current

Question 39

what does the funny current do?

Answer 39

- ionic flow through channels activated in hyperpolarised cells

Question 40

what is the ryanodine receptor?

Answer 40

- how Ca+ gets from SR to the plateau phase

Question 41

what is the ryanodine receptor calcuim-release channels regulated by?

Answer 41

- nitric oxide | protein calstabin 2

Question 42

what s the force of cardiac muscle contraction (inotropic state) regulated by?

Answer 42

- influx of calcium ions into the cell through sodium channels

Question 43

what does the binding of myocyte B1 adrenergic receptor and adrenaline stimulate and what does it enhance?

Answer 43

- membrane-bound adenylate kinases - these enhance production of cGMP which activates intracellular protein kinases which in turn phosphorylate cellular proteins

Question 44

what regulates the return of calcium from the cystol to the SR?

Answer 44

- phosphalamban