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Cardiology > anatomy of the heart > Flashcards

anatomy of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

where does the phrenic nerve descend?

A
  • along the pericardium
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2
Q

what is the main function of the phrenic nerve?

A

it innervates the diaphragm

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3
Q

what is the outer most layer of the hearT?

A

the fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

what is the second outer most layer of the heart?

A
  • the serous pericardium
  • it has 2 parts
  • parietal serous pericardium = in contact with the fibrous pericardium
  • visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) = in contact with the heart
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5
Q

what is haemopericardium?

A
  • blood within the pericardium space

- the heart can be crushed and prevents normal contraction = cardiac tamponade

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6
Q

what is pericardiocentesis?

A
  • needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspiration continuously
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7
Q

what is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A
  • a space within the pericaridal cavity

- lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

where do you palpate the apex beat?

A
  • 5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line
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9
Q

how to differentiate between phrenic nerve and vagus nerve?

A
  • the vagus will go behind the heart
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10
Q

where does venus return from head and neck come from?

A
  • internal jugular vein
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11
Q

where does venous return from the body come from?

A
  • the right subclavian vein
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12
Q

what is the bracialcephalic vein?

A

internal jugular vein + subclavian vein

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13
Q

which artery carries deoxygenated blood back to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arterys

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14
Q

which vein returns blood form the lungs to the heart?

A

pulmonary veins

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15
Q

what is the braciocephalic trunk? (first branch of aorta)

A

splits inro right common carotid artery and right subcalvian artery

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16
Q

what is the second branch of aorta?

A

lest common carotid artery

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17
Q

what is the third branch of the aorta?

A

left subclavian artery

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18
Q

what do auricles do?

A

fill with blood and allow expansion of the atria

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19
Q

where is the base of the heart?

A

left atrium

20
Q

what is the coronary sinus?

A
  • separates base from the inferior surface (atira from ventricles)
    it drains blood
21
Q

what is the posterior intraventricular groove?

A

separates ventricles

22
Q

what is the real first branch of the aorta?

A

coronary arteries

23
Q

where is the posterior interventricular artery?

A

loops round the back of the heart

24
Q

where is the right marginal artery?

A

in coronary groove

25
where is teh left coronary artyer?
between pulonary trunk and left auricle - short
26
what is the circumflex?
loops round the heart of left and joins to posterior interventricular artery
27
where is the left anterior interventricular artery?
right branch of the left coronary artery
28
what is the lateral branch?
right branch of left coronary artery
29
where is the left marginal artery?
left branch right branch of left coronary artery
30
what is the interatrial septum?
the part of the septum between 2 atria
31
what is te interventricular septum?
the part of the septum between 2 venticles
32
where is the tricuspid valve?
between right atrium and right vantiricle
33
where is pulmonary valve?
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
34
where is mitrial valve?
between left arium and left ventricle
35
were is aortic valve ?
between left ventricle and the aorta
36
what does the tricuspid look like?
it has anterior, posterior and septal cusps
37
where do right and left coronary arteries originate form?
holes in the aortic valve
38
what does the moderator band do?
ensures 3 cusps of tricuspid band close at the same time
39
what is thoracic outlet syndrome?
- compression of veins/arteries + brachial plexus - leads to vascular symptoms and neurological symptoms - at the thoracic inlet
40
which part of the aorta is located in the middle mediastinum?
- ascending aorta
41
what is the role of the azygous vein?
- drainage of intercostal spaces | - it crosses over the root of the lung
42
where is the aortic hiatus located?
- in the abdominal aorta
43
pink area draining system
- right arm and head | - into right thoracic duct which then drains into the right venous angle
44
grey area draining system
- rest of body | - thoracic duct drains lymph into left venous angle
45
what is the ligamentum arteriosum?
extends from arch of aorta to pulmonary trunk
46
what drains into the right venous angle?
right thoracic duct

Cardiology (40 decks)

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