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Cardiology > anatomy of the heart > Flashcards

anatomy of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

where does the phrenic nerve descend?

A
  • along the pericardium
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2
Q

what is the main function of the phrenic nerve?

A

it innervates the diaphragm

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3
Q

what is the outer most layer of the hearT?

A

the fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

what is the second outer most layer of the heart?

A
  • the serous pericardium
  • it has 2 parts
  • parietal serous pericardium = in contact with the fibrous pericardium
  • visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) = in contact with the heart
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5
Q

what is haemopericardium?

A
  • blood within the pericardium space

- the heart can be crushed and prevents normal contraction = cardiac tamponade

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6
Q

what is pericardiocentesis?

A
  • needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspiration continuously
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7
Q

what is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A
  • a space within the pericaridal cavity

- lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

where do you palpate the apex beat?

A
  • 5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line
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9
Q

how to differentiate between phrenic nerve and vagus nerve?

A
  • the vagus will go behind the heart
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10
Q

where does venus return from head and neck come from?

A
  • internal jugular vein
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11
Q

where does venous return from the body come from?

A
  • the right subclavian vein
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12
Q

what is the bracialcephalic vein?

A

internal jugular vein + subclavian vein

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13
Q

which artery carries deoxygenated blood back to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arterys

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14
Q

which vein returns blood form the lungs to the heart?

A

pulmonary veins

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15
Q

what is the braciocephalic trunk? (first branch of aorta)

A

splits inro right common carotid artery and right subcalvian artery

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16
Q

what is the second branch of aorta?

A

lest common carotid artery

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17
Q

what is the third branch of the aorta?

A

left subclavian artery

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18
Q

what do auricles do?

A

fill with blood and allow expansion of the atria

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19
Q

where is the base of the heart?

A

left atrium

20
Q

what is the coronary sinus?

A
  • separates base from the inferior surface (atira from ventricles)
    it drains blood
21
Q

what is the posterior intraventricular groove?

A

separates ventricles

22
Q

what is the real first branch of the aorta?

A

coronary arteries

23
Q

where is the posterior interventricular artery?

A

loops round the back of the heart

24
Q

where is the right marginal artery?

A

in coronary groove

25
Q

where is teh left coronary artyer?

A

between pulonary trunk and left auricle - short

26
Q

what is the circumflex?

A

loops round the heart of left and joins to posterior interventricular artery

27
Q

where is the left anterior interventricular artery?

A

right branch of the left coronary artery

28
Q

what is the lateral branch?

A

right branch of left coronary artery

29
Q

where is the left marginal artery?

A

left branch right branch of left coronary artery

30
Q

what is the interatrial septum?

A

the part of the septum between 2 atria

31
Q

what is te interventricular septum?

A

the part of the septum between 2 venticles

32
Q

where is the tricuspid valve?

A

between right atrium and right vantiricle

33
Q

where is pulmonary valve?

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

34
Q

where is mitrial valve?

A

between left arium and left ventricle

35
Q

were is aortic valve ?

A

between left ventricle and the aorta

36
Q

what does the tricuspid look like?

A

it has anterior, posterior and septal cusps

37
Q

where do right and left coronary arteries originate form?

A

holes in the aortic valve

38
Q

what does the moderator band do?

A

ensures 3 cusps of tricuspid band close at the same time

39
Q

what is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A
  • compression of veins/arteries + brachial plexus
  • leads to vascular symptoms and neurological symptoms
  • at the thoracic inlet
40
Q

which part of the aorta is located in the middle mediastinum?

A
  • ascending aorta
41
Q

what is the role of the azygous vein?

A
  • drainage of intercostal spaces

- it crosses over the root of the lung

42
Q

where is the aortic hiatus located?

A
  • in the abdominal aorta
43
Q

pink area draining system

A
  • right arm and head

- into right thoracic duct which then drains into the right venous angle

44
Q

grey area draining system

A
  • rest of body

- thoracic duct drains lymph into left venous angle

45
Q

what is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

extends from arch of aorta to pulmonary trunk

46
Q

what drains into the right venous angle?

A

right thoracic duct

Cardiology (40 decks)

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