Respiritory Physiology And Control Of Breathing

Question 1

What is main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Provision of oxygen to the body

Expulsion of waste carbon dioxide

Question 2

What is the structure of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Upper respiratory tract- nose to larynx

Lower respiratory tract- trachea to lungs

Question 3

How can the respiratory system be divided?

Answer 3

Conduction zone

Respiratory zone

Question 4

What does the conduction zone of the respiratory system do?

Answer 4

Conducts air to the lungs

Filters, warms and moistens air

Question 5

What does the respiratory zone of the respiratory system do?

Answer 5

Facilitate in gases exchange

Question 6

What is the protective layer of the lungs?

Answer 6

Pleurae

Question 7

What does the pleurae do?

Answer 7

It’s a double membrane which is a pressure gradient that reduces friction

Question 8

What are some of the other functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 8

To filter, warm and humidify incoming air
Gases exchange between lungs and blood to oxygenate body tissues
Transport air from outside to the lungs
Speech and vocalisation
Smell
PH control

Question 9

What is the role of the nose and nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

Answer 9

Warms, cleanses, humidifies air
Detects smell
Amplifies voice

Question 10

What is the role of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

Answer 10

Muscular funnel
Stops large particles entering lungs
Conducts air
Immune defence

Question 11

What is the role of the larynx in the respiratory system?

Answer 11

Sound production

Keeps good and drink or trachea

Question 12

What is the role of the trachea in the respiratory system?

Answer 12

Conducts air from larynx to bronchi

Respiratory epithelium trap dust particles

Question 13

What is the role of the bronchi in the respiratory system?

Answer 13

Conducts air

Question 14

What is the role of the bronchial tree in the respiratory system?

Answer 14

Gases exchange

Question 15

What is the role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Answer 15

Aid diffusion and re-inflation

Prevent lung collapse

Question 16

What are the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 16

Ciliated, pseudo-stratified, columnar
Goblet
Basal

Question 17

What is the respiratory membrane?

Answer 17

Barrier between alveolar air and blood

Question 18

What is alveolar respiration?

Answer 18

Gasses exchange between alveoli and blood

Question 19

How’s does oxygen diffusion in the lungs take place effectively ?

Answer 19

Large surface area on the lungs allows large amounts of gases exchange
Thin respiratory membrane allows diffusion to happen fast over a short distance
Extensive blood supply to surrounding alveoli
Different gradients between alveoli and pulmonary venule

Question 20

What is internal respiration?

Answer 20

Gases exchange at systemic capillaries

Oxygen is unloaded to the tissues and taken up but cells - reverse for co2

Question 21

What is cell respiration?

Answer 21

Usually involve use of oxygen and glucose to produce energy in a process known as aerobic respiration
Glucose + O2 -> CO2 + water + ATP

Question 22

What interactions take place with the respiratory system?

Answer 22

Circulatory system-transport of blood gases and gas exchange
Nervous- respiratory centres in the brain
Musculoskeletal- enables inhalation and exhalation

Question 23

What are the three stages involved in respiration?

Answer 23

Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration

Question 24

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 24

Breathing via inspiration and expiration

Question 25

What is external respiration?

Answer 25

Gases exchange within the lungs

Question 26

What is internal respiration?

Answer 26

Gases exchange from capillaries to the tissues

Question 27

What happens at pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 27

Air flows because of pressure between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs Volume of thoracic cavity changed by the diaphragm and rib cage

Question 28

What is Boyles law?

Answer 28

Describes the relationship between pressure and volume it's states that as volume increases pressure descreases

Question 29

What happens during inspiration?

Answer 29

Air moves from an area of high pressure or an area of low pressure

Question 30

What happens in exhalation?

Answer 30

Muscles relax and elastic recoil causes lung volume to decrease and pressure to increase causing air to flow out

Question 31

What muscle are involved in respiration?

Answer 31

Inhalation - diaphragm and intercostal | Exhalation - little or none