Respiratory System I Flashcards
Two Divisions of Respiratory System
Conducting Portion ( Nasal Cavity to Bronchial Tree) Respiratory Portion(Respiratory Bronchioles to Alveoli)
Division where gaseous exchange occurs
Respiratory Portion
Division where inhaled air is delivered to lungs and is warmed, filtered, and moistened
Conducting Portion
The nasal cavity has 3 distinct histological regions:
- Vestibule
- Olfactory
- Respiratory
The vestibule is the …………. part of the nasal cavity
Anteriomost part
The……. of the vestibule has glands and vibrissae that …………..
Lamina propria
Trap large particulate material from inspired air
The epithelium of the vestibule is lined mainly by stratified squamous epithelium (skin) associated with sebaceous glands and short firm hairs called……
Vibrissae
The respiratory region of the nasal cavity is lined by….
Respiratory muscosa
The lamina propria of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity is …………
Highly vascularized: blood vessels lined up parallel to the air flow to warm the air.
The lamina propria of the respiratory region becomes engorged and leaky during …… leading to distention of the lamina propria and …………
Allergic Reactions and Viral Infections
Difficulty Breathing
Skeletal elements in the wall of the nasal cavity forms shelves or turbinates, which increase the surface area and therefore increases …..
Increases filtration and warming of the air
Olfactory region is located on the ….. of the nasal cavity
Roof of the nasal cavity
Olfactory region is lined by ………… epithelium with 4 cell types.
Tall Pseudo-stratified Columnar Epithelium
The 4 cell types of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity:
– Olfactory cells (Bipolar neuron)
– Brush cells (Columnar with Microvilli)
– Supporting cells (Columnar with Microvilli)
– Basal cells (Small and Rounded)
The ……. of the olfactory mucosa is continuous with the pericardium, highly vascularized, and had abundant nerve endings.
Lamina Propria
………….. are serous secretory units with short ducts that drain to the surface. They also contain lipofucin granules in the cells of the ducts and contributes to the yellow color of the olfactory region.
Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands
Apart of Olfactory Mucosa
……….. dissolves odoriferous substance and clears away remnants of odoriferous substances.
Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands
The tubular region between the oropharynx and trachea
Larynx
The skeletal framework of the larynx consists of ………
Plates of hyaline cartilage (Epiglottis and Arytenoids)
The functions of the larynx include:
▪ Air conduction
▪ Phonation
Two pairs of mucosal folds are characteristic of the Larynx:
Vestibular Folds and Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)
Vestibular Folds have ……….. tissue containing glands and lymphoid aggregations
Loose connective tissue
Vocal folds are lined by…..
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Vocalis muscle and the vocal ligament are found within……..
Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)
Laryngeal cancer is most commonly which type of cancer and where does it originate?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
At Vocal Chords (True)
Name the symptoms and risk factor for laryngeal cancer.
Symptoms
• Dysplastic squamous epithelium
• Well differentiated tumors
• Keratin pearl formation
Risk factors: smoking
Lines most of the conducting part of the respiratory system
Respiratory Epithelium
What are the different cell types in the Respiratory Epithelialium of the Tracheal Mucosa?
- Ciliated columnar cells
- Mucus cells
- Brush cells
- Small granule cells
- Basal cells
Most numerous cell in the tracheal mucosa and run the full thickness of the epithelium
Ciliated columnar cells
………….. aggregate and give the appearance of a dark line at the apical surface of the tracheal mucosa.
Basal Bodies
Describe the epithelium cells of the trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
…………….. arranged in a 9 doublet and 2 singlet pattern within cilia, dynein arms extend from inner unit
Microtubules
Unicellular glands among ciliated cells that are increased in chronic inflammation.
Goblet Cells
Basal Cells
Reserve or stem cell for regeneration of all other cell types in the epithelium
Contain many small granules and exert a local affect on nearby structures and cell types (paracrine regulation)
Small Granule Cells (enteroendocrine cells)
Columnar cells with blunt microvilli share synapses with afferent nerve endings at their base
Brush Cells
The lamina propria consists of….
Loose connective tissue with well developed lymphatic tissue. Also contains longitudinal bands of elastic fibers
Loose connective tissue character with Seromucous glands(mucous acini with serous demilunes) which secrete glycoprotein
Submucosa of the Trachea
The C shaped cartilaginous rings are connected by a ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, which contains the …………..
Fibroelastic Membrane
Trachealis Muscle
Outside of the cartilage layer of the trachea, …….. binds the trachea and trachealis muscle to other structures and contains large blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
Adventitia
The trachea divides into right and left….
Primary bronchi (extra pulmonary)
Each primary bronchus then enters the lungs and becomes…….. as it branches progressively into tubes of smaller caliber
Intrapulmonary bronchus
Two types of lung cancer:
Squamos Cell and Small Cell Carcinoma
Autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in CFTR gene on Chromosome 7
Cystic Fibrosis
…….. has defects in secretory process of all exocrine glands- viscid secretions • Pulmonary infection
Defect in secretory process of all exocrine glands- viscid secretions amd Pulmonary infection
