Respiratory System I

Question 1

Two Divisions of Respiratory System

Answer 1

Conducting Portion ( Nasal Cavity to Bronchial Tree)
Respiratory Portion(Respiratory Bronchioles to Alveoli)

Question 2

Division where gaseous exchange occurs

Answer 2

Respiratory Portion

Question 3

Division where inhaled air is delivered to lungs and is warmed, filtered, and moistened

Answer 3

Conducting Portion

Question 4

The nasal cavity has 3 distinct histological regions:

Answer 4

1. Vestibule
2. Olfactory
3. Respiratory

Question 5

The vestibule is the …………. part of the nasal cavity

Answer 5

Anteriomost part

Question 6

The……. of the vestibule has glands and vibrissae that …………..

Answer 6

Lamina propria

Trap large particulate material from inspired air

Question 7

The epithelium of the vestibule is lined mainly by stratified squamous epithelium (skin) associated with sebaceous glands and short firm hairs called……

Answer 7

Vibrissae

Question 8

The respiratory region of the nasal cavity is lined by….

Answer 8

Respiratory muscosa

Question 9

The lamina propria of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity is …………

Answer 9

Highly vascularized: blood vessels lined up parallel to the air flow to warm the air.

Question 10

The lamina propria of the respiratory region becomes engorged and leaky during …… leading to distention of the lamina propria and …………

Answer 10

Allergic Reactions and Viral Infections

Difficulty Breathing

Question 11

Skeletal elements in the wall of the nasal cavity forms shelves or turbinates, which increase the surface area and therefore increases …..

Answer 11

Increases filtration and warming of the air

Question 12

Olfactory region is located on the ….. of the nasal cavity

Answer 12

Roof of the nasal cavity

Question 13

Olfactory region is lined by ………… epithelium with 4 cell types.

Answer 13

Tall Pseudo-stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 14

The 4 cell types of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity:

Answer 14

– Olfactory cells (Bipolar neuron)
– Brush cells (Columnar with Microvilli)
– Supporting cells (Columnar with Microvilli)
– Basal cells (Small and Rounded)

Question 15

The ……. of the olfactory mucosa is continuous with the pericardium, highly vascularized, and had abundant nerve endings.

Answer 15

Lamina Propria

Question 16

………….. are serous secretory units with short ducts that drain to the surface. They also contain lipofucin granules in the cells of the ducts and contributes to the yellow color of the olfactory region.

Answer 16

Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands

Apart of Olfactory Mucosa

Question 17

……….. dissolves odoriferous substance and clears away remnants of odoriferous substances.

Answer 17

Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands

Question 18

The tubular region between the oropharynx and trachea

Answer 18

Larynx

Question 19

The skeletal framework of the larynx consists of ………

Answer 19

Plates of hyaline cartilage (Epiglottis and Arytenoids)

Question 20

The functions of the larynx include:

Answer 20

▪ Air conduction

▪ Phonation

Question 21

Two pairs of mucosal folds are characteristic of the Larynx:

Answer 21

Vestibular Folds and Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

Question 22

Vestibular Folds have ……….. tissue containing glands and lymphoid aggregations

Answer 22

Loose connective tissue

Question 23

Vocal folds are lined by…..

Answer 23

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Question 24

Vocalis muscle and the vocal ligament are found within……..

Answer 24

Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

Question 25

Laryngeal cancer is most commonly which type of cancer and where does it originate?

Answer 25

Squamous Cell Carcinoma | At Vocal Chords (True)

Question 26

Name the symptoms and risk factor for laryngeal cancer.

Answer 26

Symptoms • Dysplastic squamous epithelium • Well differentiated tumors • Keratin pearl formation Risk factors: smoking

Question 27

Lines most of the conducting part of the respiratory system

Answer 27

Respiratory Epithelium

Question 28

What are the different cell types in the Respiratory Epithelialium of the Tracheal Mucosa?

Answer 28

* Ciliated columnar cells * Mucus cells * Brush cells * Small granule cells * Basal cells

Question 29

Most numerous cell in the tracheal mucosa and run the full thickness of the epithelium

Answer 29

Ciliated columnar cells

Question 30

.............. aggregate and give the appearance of a dark line at the apical surface of the tracheal mucosa.

Answer 30

Basal Bodies

Question 31

Describe the epithelium cells of the trachea

Answer 31

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 32

................. arranged in a 9 doublet and 2 singlet pattern within cilia, dynein arms extend from inner unit

Answer 32

Microtubules

Question 33

Unicellular glands among ciliated cells that are increased in chronic inflammation.

Answer 33

Goblet Cells

Question 34

Basal Cells

Answer 34

Reserve or stem cell for regeneration of all other cell types in the epithelium

Question 35

Contain many small granules and exert a local affect on nearby structures and cell types (paracrine regulation)

Answer 35

Small Granule Cells (enteroendocrine cells)

Question 36

Columnar cells with blunt microvilli share synapses with afferent nerve endings at their base

Answer 36

Brush Cells

Question 37

The lamina propria consists of....

Answer 37

Loose connective tissue with well developed lymphatic tissue. Also contains longitudinal bands of elastic fibers

Question 38

Loose connective tissue character with Seromucous glands(mucous acini with serous demilunes) which secrete glycoprotein

Answer 38

Submucosa of the Trachea

Question 39

The C shaped cartilaginous rings are connected by a ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, which contains the ..............

Answer 39

Fibroelastic Membrane | Trachealis Muscle

Question 40

Outside of the cartilage layer of the trachea, ........ binds the trachea and trachealis muscle to other structures and contains large blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.

Answer 40

Adventitia

Question 41

The trachea divides into right and left....

Answer 41

Primary bronchi (extra pulmonary)

Question 42

Each primary bronchus then enters the lungs and becomes........ as it branches progressively into tubes of smaller caliber

Answer 42

Intrapulmonary bronchus

Question 43

Two types of lung cancer:

Answer 43

Squamos Cell and Small Cell Carcinoma

Question 44

Autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in CFTR gene on Chromosome 7

Answer 44

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 45

........ has defects in secretory process of all exocrine glands- viscid secretions • Pulmonary infection

Answer 45

Defect in secretory process of all exocrine glands- viscid secretions amd Pulmonary infection