Cadiovascular System 1

Question 1

Cardiovascular system includes the:

Answer 1

Heart
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic Vessels

Question 2

Circulation Pathway that transports blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart

Answer 2

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 3

Circulation Pathway that transports blood from the heart to the other tissues of the body and from other tissues to the heart

Answer 3

Systemic Circulation

Question 4

Visceral layer of serous pericardium composed of Single layer of mesothelial cells, blood vessels, and nerves.

Answer 4

Epicaridum

Question 5

Myocardium:

Answer 5

Complex spiral arrangements of cardiac myocytes. Striated muscle branching in nature central nucleus intercalated discs

Question 6

Attachment site between cardiac muscle cells

Answer 6

Intercalated Discs

Question 7

Risers of stairway in intercalated discs with Fascia Adherens as major constituent

Answer 7

Transverse Component

Question 8

Steps of stairway in intercalated discs with Gap Junctions as major constituent

Answer 8

Lateral Components

Question 9

Found in both lateral and transverse components

Answer 9

Maculae adherents

Question 10

Inner layer of endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue.

Answer 10

Endocardium

Subendocardial layer location of the conducting system of the heart

Question 11

Core of the valve, extensions of heart skeletal rings

Answer 11

Fibrosa

Question 12

Loose connective tissue, collagen fibers and elastic fibers, shock absorber

Answer 12

Spongiosa

Question 13

Dense connective tissue, many layers of elastic fibers

Answer 13

Ventricularis

Question 14

Layer of the blood vessel wall that includes the endothelium, subendothelial connective tissue, and internal elastic lamina

Answer 14

Tunica Intima

Question 15

Primarily of circumferential layers of smooth muscles cells

– secrete the ECM components of this layercollagen, elastin, ground substance

Answer 15

Tunica Media

Question 16

Mainly collagen type I fibers and a few elastic fibers .

Contains nerves, vasa vasorum, fibroblasts, and macrophages

Answer 16

Tunica Adventitia

Question 17

Simple squamous epithelium of the vessels, tight junctions, gap junctions

Answer 17

Endothelium

Question 18

Endothelial Cells: Functions

Answer 18

Permeability barrier - controls the composition of interstitial tissue fluid.(brain, lung vs inflamm.sites)

VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) provides for angiogenesis in the embryogenesis. (As well as in vascular trauma, tumor..)

Provides signals that control blood pressure

Question 19

Rod-shaped inclusions found in Endothelium that store von Willebrand factor (glycoprotein) that binds Factor VIII

Answer 19

Weibel Palade bodies

Question 20

Arteries are …… that allows for recoiling to maintain intra vascular pressure and accommodate the large volume of blood during systole

Answer 20

Elastic
Elastic Arteries have:
- Have fenestrations – permitting diffusion of nutrients
• Vascular smooth muscle between layers of elastic fibers

Question 21

Blood vessel layer made of dense irregular connective tissue that prevents the excessive expansion of the vessel

Answer 21

Tunica Adventitia

Question 22

Function of Muscular Arteries (Medium Sized Arteries):

Answer 22

– Serves as a muscular conduit to distribute blood from elastic vessels to smaller vessels
-Muscular Arteries are most abundant in the body and have External Elastic Laminae

Question 23

The major determinants of blood pressure

Answer 23

Arterioles
T. Intima – endothelium
T. Media - 1 – 2 layers of smooth muscle cells
T. Adventitia - ill-defined: merges with surrounding connective tissue

Question 24

Vessel that allows exchange of material and may be encircled by pericytes

Answer 24

Capillaries

Question 25

Type of Capillary that:
• Continuous basal lamina
• Uninterrupted endothelium
• Tight junctions present between cells

Answer 25

Continuous/Somatic Capillary

Significance:
➢complete control over diffusion, endocytosis and exocytosis
➢Vessels that form barriers in organs such as brain, thymus, lung, testis etc)

Question 26

Type of Capillary that:
• Continuous basal lamina
• Tight junctions present between endothelial cells
• Fenestrations of about 80-100nm in diameter on endothelial cell membrane Numerous pinocytotic vesicles

Answer 26

Fenestrated / Visceral Capillary

Significance:
➢ Presence of thin, non membranous diaphragm across the fenestrations (exception –glomerular capillaries of kidney)

Question 27

Type of Capillary that:
• Discontinuous basal lamina
• Absence of tight junction between the cells
• Presence of large fenestrations •Separated by wide, irregular, intercellular gaps

Answer 27

Discontinuous / sinusoidal

Significance:
➢Fenestrations- large and variable reach several microns.
➢Size of fenestrations vary in different organs.
➢Allow passage of macro molecules.