Heart I Flashcards
The Right Pump of the heart pumps ……. blood to the …….. via the ……..
Deoxygenated Pulmonary Circuit (Lungs) Pulmonary Artery (Trunk)
The Left Pump of the heart pumps…… blood to the…….. via the …….
Oxygen rich
Systemic Circuit (Body)
Aorta and its branches
Great vessels of the heart are …
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
A fibrous sac that covers the heart and the roots of the great vessels
Pericardium
Layers of the Pericardium:
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Serous Pericaridum
- Parietal layer
- Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
Region of pericardial space between pulmonary trunk / aorta and superior vena cava
– this space would be entered to place a clamp around the proximal aorta and pulmonary trunk
Transverse pericardial sinus
Region of pericardial space between posterior surface of heart (left atrium mainly) and pericardium overlying anterior aspect of the esophagus
– an ultrasound probe in the esophagus would “look” through the pericardium and oblique sinus into the left atrium
Oblique pericardial sinus
Blood supply of the Pericardium
- Pericardiophrenic arteries- from internal thoracic artery
* Pericardiophrenic veins- tributary to brachiocephalic
Name the anterior and posterior grooves between the right and left ventricle.
Anterior and Posterior Interventricular sulcus (groove)
Where does the right heart receive blood from?
Receives blood from SVC, IVC & the coronary sinus
A muscular ridge (………….) separates the smooth walled posterior atrium from the area roughened by the ………….
Crista Terminalis. Pectinate muscles.
Where does the left heart receive blood from?
Receives arterialized blood from FOUR pulmonary veins; 2 left & 2 right
Name the Atrioventricular Valves and their respective sides of the heart.
Right Side: Tricuspid
Left Side: Mitral/ Bicuspid
Function of the Papillary Muscles
Actively held closed by papillary muscles contracting along with the rest of ventricular muscle and pulling on tendinous cords (chordae tendinae)
Name the two semilunar valves and their functions.
Aortic and Pulmonary
Passively Open and Close to allow blood to enter ventricles once atria are filled
………fill after ventricular contraction closing valves and simultaneously filling coronary arteries
Aortic sinuses (of Valsalva)
Where do you auscultate the following values? Aortic, Pulmonary. Mitral Tricusipd
Aortic- Right sternal border at 2nd intercostal space
Pulmonary- Left costal border at 2nd intercostal space
Mitral- 5th left intercostal space in midclavicular line
Tricuspid- Left sternal border at 5th intercostal space
………. Artery runs in the atrioventricular sulcus (coronary sulcus) and gives off …… branch
Right Coronary Artery. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal branch
……. Artery supplies most of the right ventricle
Right Marginal Artery
…….. Artery supplies posterior 1/3 of IV septum
Posterior Interventricular Artery
…….. Artery gives off the ……… branches that supplies 2/3 of anterior interventricular septum
Anterior Interventricular Artery (LAD)
Septal Branches
Coronary artery disease leads to ……
hypoxia and possibly ischemia and infarction of the myocardial tissue supplied by the obstructed artery
The most frequently occluded arteries of the heart are:
Left Coronary and Anterior Interventricular Arteries
- Can lead to sudden death if immediate intervention does not occur.
Which artery most commonly gives rise to the Posterior Interventricular Groove (PIV)?
Right Coronary Artery. Although the left could give rise to the PIV also
Why is the great saphenous vein most often used for a vein graft?
•easily acessible, similar diameter and minimal branching or valves)
What is the artery most commonly used in an arterial graft?
Radial Artery or Internal Thoracic
The Great, Middle and Small Cardiac Veins all drain to:
Coronary Sinus
What is the route of the following veins?
Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac Vein
Small Cardiac Vein
Great Cardiac Vein- Follows anterior interventricular artery
Middle Cardiac Vein- Follows posterior interventricular artery
Small Cardiac Vein- Follows right marginal artery
What is the route of the following veins?
Anterior Cardiac Veins
Smallest Cardiac Veins
Anterior Cardiac Veins- Located on anterior aspect of right ventricle
Smallest Cardiac Veins- Begin within the wall of the heart
Decreased heart rate, conduction velocity and force of contraction are indicative of which autonomic system?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Increased heart rate, conduction velocity, and force of contraction are indicative of which autonomic system?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located…..
Preganglionic: T1-T4
Postganglionic: Cervical and Thoracic Paravertebral Ganglia
Preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are located…..
Preganglionic: from the vagus nerves (upper and lower cervical branches and recurrent branches
Postganglionic: in the atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes
……. develops from the sinus venosus. The ……… develops from the sinus venosus
SA node
AV node and bundle
Responsible for referred pain to the upper limb during myocardial infarction.
Intercostobrachial nerve -T2 intercostal nerve that also contributes innervation to medial arm and axilla
Visceral afferents for pain
travel with heart sympathetics through cardiac plexus to cardiopulmonary nerves and then through sympathetic chains and white rami communicans to spinal cord segments T1-T4(5)
