Hematopoeisis

Question 1

Yolk-sac Phase of Hematopoeisis

Answer 1

hematopoiesis begins in the 3rd week of gestation – formation of “blood islands” (3-8 weeks)

Question 2

Hepatic Phase of Hematopoiesis

Answer 2

major blood forming organ in second trimester

Question 3

Phase of Hematopoiesis that begins during second trimester as well (also involves other lymphatic tissues

Answer 3

Bone Marrow Phase

Question 4

Where is the only location of hematopoiesis after birth?

Answer 4

Bone Marrow

Question 5

Hematopoietic Stem Cells include:

Answer 5

Neurons & glial Cells
Skeletal Muscle Cells
Cardiac Muscle Cells
Liver Cells

Question 6

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells include:

Answer 6

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Cardiac Muscle Cells

Question 7

Neural Stem Cells include:

Answer 7

Blood Cells

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Question 8

Define:
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent

Answer 8

• Totipotent – Ability to develop into all tissues • Embryonic and Placental, amnion, chorion
• Pluripotent – Ability to develop into all cells & tissues of the body
• Multipotent – Ability to develop into a small number of different cell types
• Unipotent – Ability to develop into only a single cell type

Question 9

Hematopoietic Stem cells give rise to:

Answer 9

Multiple colonies of progenitor stem cells

Question 10

Progenitor Cells give rise to:

Answer 10

– common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells

– common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells

Question 11

Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells are restricted progenitors that differentiate into:

Answer 11

Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes

GEMM

Question 12

Common Lymphoid Progenitor Cells differentiated into:

Answer 12

Lymphocytes:

T-Cells
B-cells
Natural Killer Cells

Question 13

Where is Stem cell (endosteal) niche found?

Answer 13

Anatomical location: epiphyseal areas (spongy bone or “cancellous bone

Question 14

This specific site where endothelial cells, fibroblasts and adipocytes are found and hematopoiesis takes place is called:

Answer 14

Vascular Niche

Question 15

Main functions of vascular niche:

Answer 15

• Support and promote the differentiation & maturation of progenitors into formed elements of the blood .
• Secretion of growth factors by stromal cells.

Question 16

What is the structure of bone marrow?

Answer 16

Reticular fibers, veins, arteries, sinusoids (type of capillary), islands of cells

Question 17

What occurs/structures are found in red and yellow marrow?

Answer 17

~Red marrow: active hematopoiesis

~Yellow marrow: fat, capillaries, reticular cells, inactive hematopoiesis

Question 18

Local hormones of the bone marrow that:
– produced by some marrow cells to stimulate proliferation in other marrow cells
– colony-stimulating factor (CSF) & interleukin stimulate leukocyte production

Answer 18

Cytokines

Question 19

Hematopoiesis Growth Factors of the following cells:
Common Lymphoid Progenitor Cells
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
Myelocytes

Answer 19

Common Lymphoid Progenitor Cells: IL-7
Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells: GM-CSF
Thrombocytes: TPO
Erythrocytes: EPO

Question 20

The main stimulus for erythropoiesis is…

Answer 20

Hypoxia

Question 21

The growth factor of erythrocytes is produced in the…

Answer 21

Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney

Question 22

The process of erythropoiesis is controlled by…

Answer 22

Cytokines and Erythropoietin

Question 23

Erythropoiesis takes……. days to complete

Answer 23

3-5 Days

Question 24

Granulocytopoiesis is controlled by …… and takes …… to complete

Answer 24

Cytokines

11 days

Question 25

Best place to harvest bone marrow?

Answer 25

Hip Bone