Heart III

Question 1

Which pharyngeal artery(s) completely disappears?

Answer 1

5th pharyngeal arch usually doesn’t develop. If it does, it degrades soon after

Question 2

Which pharyngeal artery(s) partially disappears?

Answer 2

➢1st pharyngeal arch arteries
➢2nd pharyngeal arch arteries
➢Dorsal part of right 6th pharyngeal arch artery

Question 3

What is the fate of the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch Arteries?

Answer 3

Common carotid artery, external carotid and proximal part of internal carotid artery

Question 4

What is the fate of the 4thand 6th Pharyngeal Arch Arteries?

Answer 4

Fourth :
•Left – part of the arch of aorta
•Right- proximal part of the right subclavian artery

Sixth : 
Proximal part 
•Proximal part pulmonary arteries 
Distal part
 •Left side - ductus arteriosus 
•Right side - degenerates

Question 5

The persistence of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta, causes:

Answer 5

Double Aortic Arch

Symptoms: wheezing aggravated by crying ,feeding and neck flexion due to compression of the trachea and esophagus

Question 6

A persistence of the right dorsal aorta while the distal part of the left dorsal aorta involutes.

Answer 6

Right arch of the Aorta

Question 7

A Retroesophageal component the right arch of the aorta may cause….

Answer 7

The ligamentum arteriosum to form a constricting ring around esophagus and trachea.

Question 8

Which artery develops into the Left and Right Subclavian Arteries?

Answer 8

Left: Left 7th Cervical Intersegmental Artery
Right: Right 4th Pharyngeal arch Artery and Right 7th cervical intersegmental artery

Question 9

Most common birth defect associated with maternal rubella infection in early pregnancy. Abnormal widened patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 9

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Frequently associated with Down syndrome

Question 10

Treatment & Prognosis and Evolution pf Patent Ductus Arteriosus:

Answer 10

• Treatment:
– administration of anti-prostaglandins( indomethacine)
– surgical intervention
• Prognosis and evolution:
– If untreated PDA may progress from a left to right shunt to a right to left shunt (Eisenmenger’s syndrome).
– Pulmonary hypertension

Question 11

Disease: Narrowing of the Aorta, with genetic connections with Turner Syndrome.

Causes: Not clearly understood
•Hemodynamic
•Migration of ductal tissues

Answer 11

Coarctation of the Aorta

Question 12

How does Anastomosis occur during Coarctation of the Aorta?

Answer 12

Anastomosis is used to supplies body with blood via alternative route. Subclavian-Internal Thoracic-Anterior Intercoastals- Posterior Intercoastals-Descending Aorta

Question 13

The anastomosis of small arteries of the heart causes…..

Answer 13

Rib Notching