Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the pathway of inspired air?
Nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is vital capacity?
The maximum amount of air that we can use with forceful inspiration after a maximal inhalation
What is tidal volume?
Amount of air we breathe subconsciously with normal breath. We only use a small proportion of the air in the lungs during this stage.
What is residual volume?
The amount of air remaining after a maximal exhalation.
Ensures that gaseous exchange continues when we are not breathing.
The alveoli remain inflated.
What is the pathway of gasses?
Lungs -> Heart -> Organs -> Heart -> Lungs
What is inspiration?
The action of breathing in
What is expiration?
The action of breathing out
What happens during inspiration?
Diaphgram contracts and flattens
Thoratic size increases
Scalene muscles and pectorals minor also contracts
Air pressure drops inside the lungs
External air flows into the lungs as the pressure change equalises
What happens during expiration?
A passive process
Diaphragm returns to the dome shape
Intercostals relax
Thoratic cavity is reduced in size
What is the valsava effect?
Forced expiration against a closed airway
Advantages of the valsava effect?
Tightness and security
Disadvantages of the valsava effect?
Only 1-3 reps because ATP only lasts about 3 seconds
What is myocardial ischemia / angina?
A blockage of the coronary arteries from cholesterol and plaque.
What is myocardial infarction?
A complete blockage of the coronary arteries causing a heart attack
What is arteriosclerosis?
The narrowing of the arteries
