Heart Flashcards
What is the location of the heart?
Sits to the left of the body midline
Rests on the diaphragm
What is the size of the heart?
Size of ones fist
250 g female
300g males
What is the cardiac muscle known as?
Myocardium
What is the inside of the heart chamber known as?
Endocardium
What is the outside layer of the heart known as?
Epicardium
What is the fluid outside layer of the heart known as?
The pericardium
What is the function of the vena cava?
To bring deoxygenated blood into the heart so it can be pumped to the lungs
What is the superior vena cava?
Deoxygenated blood from the upper body
What is the inferior vena cava?
Deoxygenated blood from the lower body
Where is the tricuspid valve?
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid valve?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
What are the 2 circulatory systems?
Pulmonary and systemic
What is the pulmonary circulatory system?
The pumping of deoxygenated blood to the lungs in order to allow gaseous exchange to occur and blood to become oxygenated then pumped back to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
What is the systemic circulatory system?
The journey of blood from the left ventricle to parts of the body (oxygenated)
How many layers to the wall of the heart?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
Describe the epicardium?
The thin outer layer of connective tissue giving a smooth exterior
Describe the myocardium?
The cardiac muscle
Striated in appearance
No aerobic capacity so requires oxygen on demand via blood flow from the coronary arteries
Describe the endocardium?
The inner layer of the heart
Smooth lining and covers the valves
What are the semi-lunar valves?
The valves between the ventricles, the aorta and pulmonary artery
What is the cardiac cycle?
One heart beat (contraction and relaxation phase)
What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood pumped from the ventricle in one heartbeat
What is cardiac output?
Amount of blood pumped out the ventricle in one minute
What are coronary arteries?
Arteries which supply blood to the heart for the heart to use
What are the coronary arteries?
Left and right
Describe the right coronary artery
Splits into the marginal branch
Feeds blood to the right ventricle and the posterior ventricular branch
Describe the left coronary artery
Larger than the right
Name the 2 left coronary arteries?
- Anterior inverventricular branch (joins in the middle with the right coronary artery)
- Circumflex branch (goes to the apex)
Where does deoxygenated blood from the myocardium drain to?
Into the vascular sinus in the coronary sulcus
What do coronary veins do?
Take deoxygenated blood away into the vena cava
What is the cardiac cycle?
120/80
What is the average cardiac output?
70ml x 77 bpm = 5250 ml
How is the blood taken to the body?
Via the ascending and descending aorta
