1: Skeleton Flashcards
What are the 5 primary functions?
- Support: Provides structural support. Framework for the soft tissues
- Storage of minerals or lipids: Calcium salts maintains other minerals within the body. Also stores triglycerides.
- Blood Cell production: produced in the red marrow of bone cavities.
- Protection: Protects the soft tissues and organs
- Leverage: Can change the direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles.
How many bones in the body?
206
2 bone categorisations?
Axial and Appendicular
How many axial?
80
How many appendicular?
126
What is axial?
Down the body’s axis (longitudinal) - protection of vital organs and the spine
What is appendicular?
Movement - supports the appendages
What are the 6 bone shapes?
- Long
- Flat
- Structural
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
- Short
Describe long bones?
Longer than they are wide. Generally in the limbs.
Describe flat bone?
Thin roughly parallel surfaces.
Provide protection.
E.g. Roof of the skull.
Describe structural bones?
Small, flat, irregular. Between the flat bones of the skull.
Describe irregular bones?
Complex shapes - notched or ridged surfaces.
E.g. the spinal vertebrate
Describe short bones?
Small and boxy.
Carpal bones in the wrists and tarsal bones in the ankles.
Describe sesamoid bones?
Develop inside tendons near the joints of the knees or feet.
E.g. the Patellae
What are the two stages of bone formation in featal development?
Intermembranous and endocondrial
What is intermembranous?
Creation of rudimentary bone.
Occurs after 6 weeks. Cartilage transforms into bone within the membrane.
Occurs in deeper layers of the dermis
What is endocondrial ossification?
When the ends of the bone grow due to growth plates.
Begins as hyaline cartlidge.
1. Hyline cartlidge enlarges and calcifies to form bone
2. Blood vessels grow around the edges of the cartlidge. Cells convert to osteoblasts to create a superficial bone layer.
3. Blood vessels penetrate the cartlidge and invade the central region. Bone formation spreads towards the end.
4. Remodelling occurs creating a cavity. Cartlidge near epiphysis replaced by shafts of bone. one lengthens.
5. Capillaries and osteoblasts migrate creating secondary ossification centres
6. These centres are filled with spongy bone.
What are the three planes of movement?
- Sagital Plane
- Frontal Plane
- Transverse Plane
What is the sagittal plane?
Vertical plane running from front to back.
E.g. Running in a straight line
What is the frontal plane?
Vertical plant running from left to right
E.g. Standing shoulder press
What is the traverse plane?
Horizontal plane.
Any kind of rotation, pronation and supination
Sutural Bones ?
Bones within the skull
How many bones in the skull?
28
How many bones in the torso?
52
How many bones in the upper extremities?
64
How many bones in the lower extremities?
62
